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Speaker BiographiesWEDNESDAY, MAY 3 | THURSDAY, MAY 4 Angela Belcher | Martin Blume | Phillip Howard Bucksbaum | Steven Chu | Ralph Cicerone | Marvin Cohen | John Cox | Brian Crawford | Lawrence Crum | Jim Gates | Paul Ginsparg | Evelyn Hu | Patrick Hughes | Raymond Jeanloz | Heather Joseph | Michael Kurtz | Shirley Malcom | John Marburger | Martin Rees | Bernard Rous| Mary Van Allen | Spencer Weart WEDNESDAY May 3, 2006, WASHINGTON, DCDiverse Frontiers of Science Symposium Angela BelcherAngela Belcher is a materials chemist with expertise in biomaterials, biomolecular materials, organic-inorganic interfaces, and solid state chemistry. She received her Ph.D. in Chemistry from UC, Santa Barbara, and is currently Germehausen Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Biological Engineering at M.I.T. Her interdisciplinary research focus is understanding and using the process by which Nature makes materials in order to design novel hybrid organic-inorganic electronic and magnetic materials on new length scales. Belcher received the Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering in 2000; her research was cited in a July 2001 Forbes magazine cover story on nanotechnology. Philip Howard Bucksbaum, Stanford Department of Applied Physics, Stanford, CaliforniaMailing address: MS 69, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 (650) 926-5337; FAX: (650) 926-4100; HOME: (734) 663-7829 email: phb@slac.stanford.edu; http://www.stanford.edu/~phbuck Position: Professor, Departments of Photon Sciences, Physics, and Applied Physics, Stanford University; Director of PULSE, the Stanford Photon Ultrafast Laser Science and Engineering Center; Editor of VJUltrafast, the APS Virtual Journal of Ultrafast Science. Previous career and education:
Honors:
Current service (partial list, 1/1/06):
Research interests: I am an atomic physicist. My main research interest is fundamental light-matter interactions, and especially the control of quantum systems using ultrafast laser fields. I develop new sources of ultrafast laser light in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, and x-ray regions of the light spectrum. A publication list is available at http://www.stanford.edu/~phbuck/pubs.html Steven ChuSteven Chu is the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of Physics and Molecular and Cellular Biology at the University of California, Berkeley. Previously, he was Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford and Chair of the Physics Department for two terms. Earlier, he was a member of the technical staff and Department head at AT&T Bell laboratories. His thesis and postdoctoral work was the observation of parity non-conservation in atomic transitions. While at Bell Laboratories he and Allen Mills did the first laser spectroscopy of positronium and muonium. Chu led a group that showed how to first cool and then trap atoms with light. The “optical tweezers” trap is also widely used in biology. Other contributions include the demonstration of the magneto-optic trap, the theory of laser cooling (also by Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and Jean Dalibard), the first atomic fountain, and precision atom interferometry based on optical pulses of light. Using the optical tweezers, Chu introduced methods to simultaneously visualize and manipulate single bio-molecules in 1990. His group is also applying methods such as fluorescence energy transfer, optical tweezers and atomic force microscope methods to study the biology at the single molecule level. Chu has been awarded numerous prizes that include co-winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics with William Phillips and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (1997). He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Academia Sinica, and is a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Korean Academy of Science and Engineering. Chu also serves on the Boards of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the University of Rochester, NVIDIA, and the (planned) Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology. He has served on numerous advisory committees including the Executive Committee of the NAS Board on Physics and Astronomy, NIH Advisory Committee to the Director, and the NNSA Advisory Committee to the Director. Professor Chu received his A.B. and A.B. degrees in mathematics and physics from the University of Rochester, a Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, and a number of honorary degrees. Ralph J. Cicerone, Ph.D. , President, National Academy of SciencesRalph J. Cicerone became president of The National Academy of Sciences in 2005. His research in atmospheric chemistry and climate science has involved him in shaping science and environmental policy at the highest levels, nationally and internationally. His research was recognized on the citation for the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry award to UCI colleague F. Sherwood Rowland. In 1997, he received a United Nations Environment Program Ozone Award for research in and protecting the earth’s ozone layer. The Franklin Institute recognized his outstanding contributions to the understanding of greenhouse gases, ozone depletion and his fundamental research in biogeochemistry with the 1999 Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science. In 2001, he led a National Academy of Sciences study of the current state of climate change and its impact on the environment and human health, requested by President Bush. The American Geophysical Union awarded him its 2002 Roger Revelle Medal for outstanding research contributions to the understanding of Earth’s atmospheric processes, biogeochemical cycles or other key elements of the climate system and its James B. Macelwane Award in 1979 for outstanding contributions to geophysics. In 2004, the World Cultural Council honored him with the Albert Einstein World Award in Science. Cicerone is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. He has served as President of the American Geophysical Union. He also served as the fourth chancellor of the University of California at Irvine, 1998-2005. He received his bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he was also a varsity baseball player, and both his master’s and doctoral degrees from the University of Illinois in electrical engineering, with a minor in physics. Marvin L. CohenMarvin L. Cohen was born in Montreal and moved to San Francisco when he was 12 years old. He was an undergraduate at the University of California at Berkeley and completed graduate studies at the University of Chicago in 1963 (Ph.D. 1964). After a one year postdoctoral position with the Theory Group at Bell Laboratories (1963–64), he joined the Berkeley Physics Faculty. He became University Professor in1995. He has also been a Senior Faculty Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory since 1965. Cohen’s current and past research covers a broad spectrum of subjects in theoretical condensed matter physics. He is best known for his work with pseudopotentials with applications to electronic, optical, and structural properties of materials, superconductivity, semiconductor physics, and nanoscience. Cohen has contributed more than 680 technical publications. He is a recipient of the National Medal of Science, the APS Oliver E. Buckley Prize for Solid State Physics, the APS Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize, and the Foresight Institute Richard P. Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology. He received the Department of Energy Award for Outstanding Accomplishment in Solids State Physics, the DOE Award for Sustained Outstanding Research, the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Certificate of Merit and Outstanding Performance Award, was Faculty Research Lecturer, University of California, Berkeley and Loeb Lecturer, Harvard University, and was awarded Doctorat Honoris Causa, University of Montreal. Cohen is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2005, Cohen was President of the American Physical Society (APS), an organization representing more than 44,000 physicists in universities, industry and national laboratories. He currently hold the APS Executive Board position of immediate Past President. He has served as a member and then chair of the Executive Council of the Division of Condensed Matter Physics of the APS; as the U.S. representative on the IUPAP Semiconductor Commission; a member of the National Academy of Sciences Government-University Industry Research Roundtable; Member, U.S. Delegation to Bilateral Dialog for Research and Development in the US and Japan; Member, Science Policy Board of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and the Science Policy Committee of SLAC. He is a Member of the Governing Board of the American Institute of Physics. Cohen served on a variety of national and international boards and committees as an advisor and advocate for science education. He was Vice Chair of the NAS-GUIR Working Group on Science and Engineering Talent emphasizing the recruitment of women and minorities. He was a featured speaker for the Electron Birthday Project (televised to US high schools) and is currently active in lecturing to lay audiences, K-12 students, and industrial groups. Lawrence CrumDr. Lawrence A. Crum is currently Principal Physicist and Director of the Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound in the Applied Physics Laboratory, and Research Professor of Bioengineering and Electrical Engineering at the University of Washington. He has held previous positions at Harvard University, the U. S. Naval Academy and the University of Mississippi, where he was F. A. P. Barnard Distinguished Professor of Physics and Director of the National Center for Physical Acoustics. He has published over 290 articles in professional journals, holds an honorary doctorate from the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, was recently awarded the Helmholtz-Rayleigh Silver Medal of the Acoustical Society of America, and is the co-founder of three medical ultrasound companies. He is Past President of the Acoustical Society of America, the World Council on Ultrasonics, and of the Board of the International Commission for Acoustics. His principal areas of interest are therapeutic ultrasound, physical acoustics, and image-guided therapy. Jim GatesProfessor Gates is the John S. Toll Professor of Physics and Director of the University of Maryland's Center for String and Particle Theory having matriculated at MIT (B.S. math. 1973, B.S. physics 1973, Ph.D. physics 1977) where he wrote the institute's first thesis on "supersymmetry''. He is a Fellow of a number of scientific societies (AAAS, APS, & NSBP) and has served as a consultant for national and international governmental agencies and corporate organizations. He speaks widely to the public on a number of issues and has appeared on number of television science documentaries, most recently `Einsteins Big Idea' broadcast on a NOVA/PBS program. Evelyn HuEvelyn L. Hu received her Ph.D. in Physics from Columbia University. After working at Bell Labs, she joined UC Santa Barbara as Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering as well as Materials, and is the Scientific Co-Director of the California Nanosystems Institute. Her research focuses on high-resolution fabrication of compound semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices, and on novel device structures formed through the heterogeneous integration of materials. She is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the Academica Sinica of Taiwan, a Fellow of the IEEE, APS, and the AAAS. Raymond JeanlozRaymond Jeanloz, a professor of Earth and Planetary Science and of Astronomy at the University of California at Berkeley, studies materials at high pressures and temperatures in order to understand the nature and evolution of planetary interiors. He has served as an advisor to the U.S. Government in areas ranging from environmental and resource issues to national and international security, and currently chairs the National Academy of Sciences' Committee on International Security and Arms Control. Shirley MalcomShirley Malcom is Head of the Directorate for Education and Human Resources Programs of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The directorate includes AAAS programs in education, activities for underrepresented groups, and public understanding of science and technology. Dr. Malcom serves on several boards—including the Howard Heinz Endowment and the H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment—and is an honorary trustee of the American Museum of Natural History. She serves as a Regent of Morgan State University and as a trustee of Caltech. In addition, she has chaired a number of national committees addressing education reform and access to scientific and technical education, careers and literacy. Dr. Malcom is a former trustee of the Carnegie Corporation of New York. She is a fellow of the AAAS and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She served on the National Science Board, the policymaking body of the National Science Foundation, from 1994 to 1998, and from 1994-2001 served on the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology. Dr. Malcom received her doctorate in ecology from Pennsylvania State University; master's degree in zoology from the University of California, Los Angeles; and bachelor's degree with distinction in zoology from the University of Washington. She also holds thirteen honorary degrees. In 2003 Dr. Malcom received the Public Welfare Medal of the National Academy of Sciences, the highest award given by the Academy. John H. Marburger, IIIJohn H. Marburger, III, Science Adviser to the President and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, was born on Staten Island, N.Y., grew up in Maryland near Washington D.C. and attended Princeton University (B.A., Physics 1962) and Stanford University (Ph.D. Applied Physics 1967). Before his appointment in the Executive Office of the President, he served as Director of Brookhaven National Laboratory from 1998, and as the third President of the State University of New York at Stony Brook (1980-1994). He came to Long Island in 1980 from the University of Southern California where he had been a Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering, serving as Physics Department Chairman and Dean of the College of Letters, Arts and Sciences in the 1970’s. In the fall of 1994 he returned to the faculty at Stony Brook, teaching and doing research in optical science as a University Professor. Three years later he became President of Brookhaven Science Associates, a partnership between the university and Battelle Memorial Institute that competed for and won the contract to operate Brookhaven National Laboratory. While at the University of Southern California, Marburger contributed to the rapidly growing field of nonlinear optics, a subject created by the invention of the laser in 1960. He developed theory for various laser phenomena and was a co-founder of the University of Southern California’s Center for Laser Studies. His teaching activities included “Frontiers of Electronics,” a series of educational programs on CBS television. Marburger’s presidency at Stony Brook coincided with the opening and growth of University Hospital and the development of the biological sciences as a major strength of the university. During the 1980’s federally sponsored scientific research at Stony Brook grew to exceed that of any other public university in the northeastern United States. During his presidency, Marburger served on numerous boards and committees, including chairmanship of the governor’s commission on the Shoreham Nuclear Power facility, and chairmanship of the 80 campus “Universities Research Association” which operates Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory near Chicago. He served as a trustee of Princeton University and many other organizations. He also chaired the highly successful 1991/92 Long Island United Way campaign. As a public spirited scientist-administrator, Marburger has served local, state and federal governments in a variety of capacities. He is credited with bringing an open, reasoned approach to contentious issues where science intersects with the needs and concerns of society. His strong leadership of Brookhaven National Laboratory following a series of environmental and management crises is widely acknowledged to have won back the confidence and support of the community while preserving the Laboratory's record of outstanding science. Martin ReesMartin Rees is Professor of Cosmology and Astrophysics and Master of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. He holds the honorary title of Astronomer Royal and also Visiting Professor at Imperial College London and at Leicester University. After studying at the University of Cambridge, he held post-doctoral positions in the UK and the USA, before becoming a professor at Sussex University. In 1973, he became a fellow of King's College and Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy at Cambridge (continuing in the latter post until 1991) and served for ten years as director of Cambridge's Institute of Astronomy. From 1992 to 2003 he was a Royal Society Research Professor. He is a foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Pontifical Academy, and several other foreign academies. His awards include the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, the Balzan International Prize, the Bruce Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, the Heineman Prize for Astrophysics (AAS/AIP), the Bower Award for Science of the Franklin Institute, the Cosmology Prize of the Peter Gruber Foundation, the Einstein Award of the World Cultural Council and the Crafoord Prize (Royal Swedish Academy). He has been president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1994-95) and the Royal Astronomical Society (1992-94) and a trustee of the British Museum, NESTA and the Kennedy Memorial Trust. He is currently on the Board of Trustees of the National Museum of Science and Industry the Institute for Public Policy Research, and the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study, and has served on many bodies connected with education, space research, arms control and international collaboration in science. He was appointed to the House of Lords in 2005. He has been elected to serve as President of the Royal Society from November 2005. He is the author or co-author of about 500 research papers, mainly on astrophysics and cosmology, as well as seven books (five for general readership), and numerous magazine and newspaper articles on scientific and general subjects. He has broadcast and lectured widely and held various visiting professorships, etc. His main current research interests are:
Spencer R. WeartSpencer Weart , born in 1942, received a B.A. in Physics at Cornell University in 1963 and a Ph.D. in Physics and Astrophysics at the University of Colorado, Boulder, in 1968. He then worked for three years at CalTech as a Fellow of the Mt. Wilson and Palomar Observatories, publishing papers in leading scientific journals. In 1971 Dr. Weart changed his field, enrolling as a graduate student in the History Department of the University of California, Berkeley. In 1974 he took up his present post as Director of the Center for History of Physics, American Institute of Physics, an institution dedicated to preserving and making known the history of physics and related disciplines. He has written two children’s science books and wrote or co-edited seven other books, including Scientists in Power (a history of the rise of nuclear science, weapons, and reactors in France); Leo Szilard: His Version of the Facts (edited correspondence); a collection of essays on the history of solid-state physics; Nuclear Fear: A History of Images; and Never at War: Why Democracies Will Not Fight One Another. He also produces and edits an award-winning Website with historical exhibits (www.aip.org/history). His most recent work is a book and complementary Web site, The Discovery of Global Warming (Harvard, 2003; www.aip.org/history/climate) on the history of scientific and public understanding of global warming.
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