Members of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
(PCAST) spent March 30 listening to presentations on two timely S&T
topics: the science and engineering workforce, and nanotechnology.
During a morning briefing on workforce issues, Microsoft Executive
Vice President Robert Herbold told committee members that the nation's
economic competitiveness is affected by many more factors than simply "are
we producing enough scientists and engineers?" The afternoon was
devoted to presentations by representatives of academia, industry and
government on what is known about the environmental and health impacts
of engineered nanoscale materials, and possible regulatory mechanisms.
The afternoon session will be covered in FYI
#49.
In examining ways to maintain the strength of the nation's science,
technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) capabilities, Herbold
said, PCAST's Subcommittee on Science and Engineering Workforce/Education
came to realize that this is only one component of a larger issue,
which he called "protecting the nation's innovation ecosystem." This
system, he said, comprises a mix of factors including research universities,
R&D centers, government funded research, the venture capital industry
and the free enterprise system; "things that other countries salivate
for."
Herbold presented data indicating that the U.S. is producing a declining
share of global science and engineering degrees (both baccalaureate
and graduate), and that long-term shifts are likely in countries' shares
of global STEM talent. He added that foreign countries producing significantly
more science and engineering graduates typically have low wages, attracting
R&D investment and numerous jobs. Until the standard of living
in those countries rises substantially, he said, the disparity will
cause some U.S. companies to outsource jobs to those countries in order
to remain competitive.
Herbold acknowledged that predicting shortages in the U.S. STEM workforce
was a "sensitive" issue, and said that the question instead
should be whether the nation's talent base was "adequate" to
maintain the health of the innovation ecosystem. The trends in degree
production among U.S. citizens, he declared, were "alarming," and
led the subcommittee to make a series of recommendations focused on
improving K-12 science and math teaching and attracting more U.S. citizens
to STEM careers. After reviewing many prior reports, the subcommittee
proposed the following recommendations: execute President Bush's No
Child Left Behind initiative "with excellence;" strengthen
K-12 science and math curricula; encourage alternative teacher certification,
vouchers, and charter schools; and make the teaching profession more
attractive. The subcommittee also urged universities to seek creative
ways to retain student interest in STEM fields, develop alternate degree
programs like a professional master's, and shorten the time to a PhD;
and recommended establishment of a program of fellowships to attract
more U.S. citizens to STEM careers and exploration of ways to retain
non-U.S. citizens.
However, as several PCAST members commented and Herbold agreed, "most
of the suggestions are out there" already. Council members questioned
the scope and purpose of the report, and how it could have the greatest
impact. Some thought that the report should emphasize a few of the
most important recommendations; Herbold said it should serve as a "wake-up
call" for preservation of the entire innovation ecosystem. OSTP
Director and PCAST co-chair John Marburger suggested that the subcommittee
incorporate the morning's discussion and present the report for consensus
at a future date.
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