"Nanoscience will make the physical sciences as sexy as the
life sciences were in the last ten years," Rep. Zach Wamp (R-TN)
predicted at a Department of Energy NanoSummit held on June 23-24. Wamp
was one of the senior-level speakers at this two-day meeting in Washington,
D.C. that included Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham and White House
Office of Science and Technology Policy Director John Marburger.
There were 340 participants registered for this meeting that Secretary
Abraham said he hoped would become an annual event. In his keynote address,
Abraham explained the rationale for the meeting: "As policymakers
look at the range of issues surrounding nanotechnology, we need the
thoughtful contributions we can only get from brainstorming sessions
like this one. Major questions such as the ethical and safety implications
of advanced nanoscience research and the proper role of government in
this research should be examined by groups such as this on a regular
basis if we are to see this technology flourish." Abraham discusssed
nanotechnology's potential applications, stressing the importance of
basic research and the future role that six DOE nanoscience centers
will play in building "intellectual capital." These labs at
Oak Ridge, Berkeley, Sandia, Los Alamos, Argonne and Brookhaven will
open between September 2006 and early 2008. Abraham added, "Given
the potential of nanotechnology, we must not settle for second best
in the race to transform the vision of this science into a reality.
So I hope that when young researchers here and around the world think
about working in this field, they will say to themselves, ‘The
place to be is at one of America's nanoscience centers.'" He
concluded, "I can't think of a challenge that is more important
or more exciting than that of bringing the fruits of nanoscience to
bear on the profound energy and security challenges that face this nation
and the world."
Wamp's remarks centered on funding. He praised Rep. David Hobson (R-OH),
chairman of the House Energy and Water Development Appropriations Subcommittee,
for resisting budgetary pressures from the Yucca Mountain and water
development projects, funding DOE science accounts in the FY 2005 bill
over the administration's request (see http://www.aip.org/fyi/2004/080.html.)
Wamp was bullish on the impact that nanotechnology spending would have
on physical science funding, saying that it "will come right back
up to where it needs to be." He called it "penny-wise and
pound-foolish" not to invest the comparative "nickels and
dimes" that S&T funding requires. Wamp said that he was "very
frustrated" that Congress was not doing very much because of this
fall's election. He criticized the Office of Management and Budget,
telling meeting participants that "we've got to fight hard for
these critical investments." Wamp urged that researchers push Congress
to make these investments.
Technology's role in international competitiveness was the central
focus of Marburger's speech. He noted that more nations can compete
with the United States in science and technology endeavors since less
capital is required. It is "easier to get in," he said,
citing China and India. The federal government necessarily must fund
long
term, high risk research he said, since industry is focused on short
term results. The national labs can do the research that private laboratories,
such as Bell Labs, once did, he added. Marburger urged that credit
be
given to the massive investment in the federal government makes in
research, while acknowledging that a large proportion of this research
is for
defense.
A large part of the June 23 meeting was devoted to specific applications
of nanoscience to problems such as the hydrogen economy, national security,
solid state lighting, and global energy needs, as well as the ethical,
social, and environmental considerations of nanoscience. Mildred Dresselhaus
of MIT (and chair of AIP's Governing Board) and Scott Jorgensen of General
Motors discussed the range of technological challenges reviewed in a
175-page hydrogen energy report issued last year (see http://www.aip.org/fyi/2003/109.html.)
One of the major points in their presentations was the importance of
basic research to achieve technological breakthroughs. Small, incremental
developments will not suffice, they warned. Dresselhaus said she was
"feeling rather positive" about what DOE was doing.
Patricia Dehmer, who is Associate Director of the Office of Basic Energy
Sciences at DOE, and Clayton Teague, Director of the National Nanotechnology
Coordination Office (http://www.nano.gov/html/about/nnco.html),
described some of the provocative societal issues associated with nanotechnology.
Hoping to reduce the kind of public anxiety that has arisen over genetically
modified organisms and nuclear energy, they discussed the work that
is being funded to deal with potential concerns about nanotechnology.
Two sessions discussed future global energy needs, or what Rick Smalley
of Rice University called "The Terawatt Challenge." Smalley
urged that energy be made the focus of the five nanoscience centers,
with an annual $200 million program in energy research to attract the
best scientists in DOE and universities.
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