The omnibus appropriations bill that will be sent to President Bush
in coming days does not contain funding for research on low-yield nuclear
weapons and the "bunker buster" nuclear weapon. Congress also
did not provide money for site selection for a new facility to produce
plutonium pits, and did not provide money for enhancing test readiness
at the Nevada Test Site.
Selections from the Joint Explanatory Statement follow. The entire
statement language can be accessed at http://thomas.loc.gov/home/omni2005/index.htm
under Division C; reference the section entitled "Weapons Activities"
more than mid-way through the document. Note that all amounts specified
below must be reduced by the 0.8% across-the-board reduction.
DIRECTED STOCKPILE WORK:
"The conferees do not provide $9,000,000 for advanced concepts
research on new weapons designs, but the same amount is made available
for the Reliable Replacement Warhead program to improve the reliability,
longevity, and certifiability of existing weapons and their components.
The conference agreement provides $270,087,000 for DSW Stockpile services.
No funds have been provided for the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator
(RNEP)."
PIT MANUFACTURING:
The Joint Statement on plutonium pits, the device used to trigger a
thermonuclear warhead, set forth the following conditions:
"For the pit manufacturing and certification campaign, the
conference agreement provides $265,671,000. The conference agreement
provides $132,005,000 for W88 pit manufacturing and $60,960,000 for
W88 pit certification, the same as the budget request. Providing the
requested level of funding will ensure that the NNSA maintains its commitment
to produce a certified W88 pit by 2007. The conference agreement provides
$13,500,000 for Pit Manufacturing Capability and $7,000,000 for Modern
Pit Facility. The conferees agree that funding for Modern Pit Facility
cannot be used to select a construction site in fiscal year 2005."
NEVADA TEST SITE READINESS:
The Bush Administration sought funding to reduce the current 24-36
months needed to test a nuclear weapon at the Nevada Test Site. The
House version of the Energy and Water Development Appropriations bill
rejected this request. The Senate appropriations committee never released
its own version of the bill. While the omnibus bill contains customary
funding for the test site, it does not include the requested money for
enhancing test site readiness. See http://www.aip.org/fyi/2004/082.html
for an explanation of the House position.
INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION:
The Statement also covered inertial confinement fusion ignition and
high yield, as well as inertial fusion technology:
"Inertial Confinement Fusion Ignition and High Yield.--The
conferee agreement includes $541,034,000 for the inertial confinement
fusion ignition and high yield program. This represents a $25,000,000
cut of the NIF project baseline. An additional $46,000,000 is provided
to support expanded research in non-NIF related ICF research including
petawatt and high-energy petawatt laser development. Funding also enables
continued development of the beryllium shell targets currently envisioned
for ignition demonstrations in 2010. This target, if successful, may
enable advancement of the 2014 date for ignition specified in the budget
request documentation, a date which represents a 4 year slip from the
original goal of 2010. Since demonstration of ignition by 2010 was the
rationale provided for construction of NIF under the current baseline
funding, the conference is extremely concerned with suggestions of major
delay in that date and requires that effort focus on achieving that
goal on the timescale originally proposed. Until very recently, the
beryllium shell and fill tube design was not considered viable, but
it is now viewed by the program managers as the best option for regaining
the 2010 ignition goal. Significant risks are associated with this design
however, which is why this target design was not considered earlier
in the program. To estimate the probability of success for this new
target design, the conference mandates that a full review of NIF progress
and the use and promise of this target be accomplished by an outside
panel of experts, the JASONs, to validate the current NIF construction
baseline and the outlook for ignition with this target design. As part
of this validation, experiments should be designed and completed on
alternative drivers, such as LLE at the University of Rochester and
the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories, to increase confidence
in the performance of this target. The conference further requires that
these experiments, as well as the JASON review, be used to develop a
position paper authored by the NNSA Laboratory and LLE Directors by
June 2005, discussing the promise of this target design to achieve ignition
on the original schedule of 2010, 4 years ahead of the date specified
in the current Budget. The conference is also aware that the laser glass
used in the Japanese GEKKO program, which is identical to the optics
used in the NIF project, has significantly degraded in efficiency over
time. The conference requests the JASONs undertake a study utilizing
the Japanese laser optic operations as a measure to determine if the
NIF laser optics are performing as originally estimated and what impact
this will have on the project, the ability to achieve ignition by 2010
and the overall lifecycle costs of replacing the optics more frequently.
The conference provides $5,000,000 for the development of advanced target
fabrication and diagnostic techniques required to support experiments
at Omega, Z machine and NIF employing advanced materials. Target fabrication
and manufacturing capabilities are critical in fielding increasingly
sophisticated experiments."
"Inertial Fusion Technology.--The conferees also include $25,000,000
to continue development of high average power lasers and supporting
science and technology, the budget request for the Naval Research Laboratory,
and $73,469,000 for the University of Rochester, an increase of $28,000,000
over the budget request. The additional funding is provided to the University
of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics for the OMEGA Extended
Performance (EP) Facility in support of the nation's stockpile stewardship
program. The conference recommendation includes $9,000,000 to initiate
double-shift operations and assessments and initial development and
testing of Z-pinch inertial fusion energy. The conference recommendation
includes $1,000,000 to the University of Nevada-Reno for magnetized
plasma/laser interaction studies at the Nevada Terawatt Facility, using
the Zebra pulse power machine and the Leopard short pulse laser system."
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