Finding Aid to the Joan Bromberg Collection, Materials Collected for Writing the Book Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source (MIT Press, 1982), 1922-1982 American Institute of Physics. Center for History of Physics.
One Physics Ellipse College Park, MD 20740 nbl@aip.org
December 29, 2004 Machine-readable finding aid encoded in EAD 2002 by Katherine A. Hayes on December 29, 2004. Any revisions made to this finding aid occurred as part of the editing and encoding process. Finding aid written in English. Description of the Collection American Institute of Physics. Center for History of Physics.
College Park, MD 20740
Finding Aid to the Joan Bromberg Collection, Materials Collected for Writing the Book Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source, (MIT Press, 1982), 1922-1982 (bulk 1958-1979) English. 8 linear feet (18 boxes) AR 297 Bromberg, Joan Lisa Bromberg, a historian of science, collected these materials while doing research for her book Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source, focusing on fusion research for the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Materials include audio recordings and transcripts, reference files, and conference proceedings.

See below for information on access and restrictions.

 Selected Search Terms

These papers have been indexed in the International Catalog of Sources for History of Physics and Allied Sciences (ICOS) using the following terms. Those seeking related materials should search under these terms.

Clarke, John F., 1939- Coppi, Bruno. Dandl, Ray A. Dean, Stephen Odell, 1936- Eubank, Harold. Furth, H. P. Gottlieb, Melvin. Gould, Roy W. Grad, Harold, 1923- Hirsch, Robert L. (Robert Louis), 1935- Jahoda, Franz C. Kintner, Edwin. Mills, Robert G. Parker, Ronald R. Ruark, Arthur Edward, 1899- Tuck, James Leslie. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Princeton University. Plasma Physics Laboratory. United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. United States. Dept. of Energy. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. U.S. Energy Research and Development Corporation. Sherwood Conference on Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions. Nuclear fusion. Nuclear physics. Nuclear reactions. Audio cassettes. Photocopies. Interviews. Historians of science. Biography of Joan L. Bromberg

Joan L. Bromberg is a historian of science. She has been on the history of science faculty at the University of Hawaii, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, and the Hebrew University. She was assistant to Léon Rosenfeld at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen from 1969-1971, and a contract historian at the U.S. Department of Energy from 1977-1981. In addition to authoring Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source (MIT Press, 1982), Bromberg directed the laser history project co-sponsored by the American Institute of Physics, Center for History of Physics. The Laser in America, 1950-1970 (MIT Press, 1991) is the result of her work on this project. Her most recent book is NASA and the Space Industry (New Series in NASA History, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999).

Scope and Contents of Collection

Bromberg collected these materials while doing research for her 1982 book, Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source. She focused on fusion research undertaken for the U.S. Department of Energy, and its predecessors the U.S. Energy Research and Development Corporation, and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. In documenting the history of the Sherwood project (as the quest for fusion was also known), she examined the activities of Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California's Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, several international contributors, and corporate interests.

Bromberg also spent considerable time with significant individuals on the project, investigating their contributions to the development of fusion. She spoke with physicists and administrators, and includes tapes of the interviews, her notes and correspondence, as well as biographical information collected about them. The interviews consist of full or partial transcriptions and audio cassettes of interviews with approximately seventy prominent fusion researchers. The longest interviews are with John F. Clarke, Bruno Coppi, Ray A. Dandl, Stephen O. Dean, Harold Eubank, Harold P. Furth, Melvin B. Gottlieb, Roy W. Gould, Harold Grad, Robert L. Hirsch, Franz C. Jahoda, Edwin E. Kintner, Robert G. Mills, Ronald R. Parker, Richard Ruark, and James Leslie Tuck. The proceedings are of the Sherwood Conferences on Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions (1952-1958) held at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Materials include reference files, transcripts, audio recordings, conference proceedings. The reference files are copies of unpublished contract reports, internal memoranda, minutes, etc. The topics covered range from discussion about the classified status of the project until 1958, to the administrative decisions that redirected the focus of the program to the Tokamak in 1978, and the shape of the program as it moved into the 1980s.

Before depositing the materials in the Niels Bohr Library, Bromberg culled any materials she determined to be easily accessible elsewhere; the remainder consists primarily of photocopies of correspondence, administrative records, meeting minutes and reports, in addition to her own notes. Some documents in this collection were initially classified and researchers should be aware that they may have been censored during declassification and therefore be incomplete. There is very little original material aside from the notes created by Bromberg.

Arrangement/Organization of Collection

Bromberg organized her papers chronologically according to when she acquired them. Although she indexed them according to author and date, this system of access was insufficient for use by others, and the collection was reorganized into a scheme more accessible to researchers. Her original organization is reflected in a file of index cards, and explained in her own notes with the collection (see Box 18).

The papers are arranged into series by institutional source of the records, usually research laboratories or government entities. The first five series contain similar subseries defined by type of record. Series VI, Other Contributors, 1922-1980, is not subdivided at all, and Series VII, Bromberg's Notes, 1951-1982, is subdivided by content type.

Deteriorating materials were either photocopied onto acid-free paper or isolated in separate folders. Staples and other binding metals were removed and the collection was rehoused in acid-free folders and boxes.

 Access to Collection

Approved access application on file in the Niels Bohr Library, and permission of Joan L. Bromberg required for use. Permission to quote or cite must be obtained in advance from the Director of the Center for History of Physics, American Institute of Physics.

 Restrictions on Use of Collection

Use of primary source material in the Niels Bohr Library requires prior approval through an Application for Access, which includes a statement of research purpose and the names and addresses of two scholars as references. Access applications can be obtained by contacting the Library (telephone 301-209-3177; or e-mail nbl@aip.org). The application can also be printed from our website.

 Provenance and Acquisition Information

Joan L. Bromberg donated these papers to the American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library in 1982. She eliminated materials easily accessible elsewhere, but otherwise they were transferred intact.

 Processing Information

This collection was processed by Coralina Daly in March, 1999.

 Preferred Citation of Collection

Cite as: [Folder title, date; Folder number, Box number], Joan Bromberg Collection, 1922-1982, Materials collected for writing the book Fusion: Science, Politics, and the Invention of a New Energy Source. American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library, College Park, MD, 20740 USA.

 Other Related Materials

American Institute of Physics. Center for History of Physics. Laser History Project. Records, 1981-1989. (3 ft.)

 Container List Series I. United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 1951-1982 (Boxes 1-5)

Includes all materials originating in the federal agency. Much of the material is drawn from the files of the Division of Research's Controlled Thermonuclear Reaction program and the Division of Controlled Thermonuclear Research (CTR was removed from the research division in 1971), as well as the Steering and Standing Committees, and the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. As the project was sponsored by the U.S. government, much of the information that spans laboratories is included in this series.

 Subseries A. Administrative Materials (1951-1980)

These materials include budget, personnel, policy, and program review documents.

 Box 1 Folder 1 Administrative Materials 1953-1969 Box 1 Folder 2 Administrative Materials 1970-1977 Box 1 Folder 3 'CTR Budget' Binder of Notes 1951-1980 Box 1 Folder 4 Fusion Facilities Directory 1980 Box 1 Folder 5 Steering Committee Membership Lists 1956-1958; 1967-1971 Subseries B. Correspondence (1951-1981)

This subseries includes correspondence from individuals involved in the Fusion program at the federal level, often administrators. Significant persons include: Lewis Strauss, Arthur Ruark, Paul McDaniel, Amasa Bishop, Glenn Seaborg, Robert Hirsch, and Roy Gould. Correspondence contains materials directed to the AEC from interested individuals outside the fusion program, including members of Congress. Among the important topics discussed in these letters and memoranda is the debate over declassification. Letters often also include updates on the program's status.

 Box 1 Folder 6 Correspondence 1951-1959 Box 1 Folder 7 Correspondence 1960-1969 Box 1 Folder 8 Correspondence 1970-1973 Box 2 Folder 1 Correspondence 1974-1981 Box 2 Folder 2 Correspondence undated Subseries C. Meeting Materials (1954-1974)

The meeting materials in this series are dominated by minutes from Sherwood Committee meetings, Steering and Standing Committee meetings, and meetings between project directors. These files also include minutes from CTR staff meetings as well as various invitations and meeting agendas.

 Box 2 Folder 3 Meeting Materials 1954-1959 Box 2 Folder 4 Meeting Materials 1960-1964 Box 2 Folder 5 Meeting Materials 1965-1966 Box 2 Folder 6 Meeting Materials 1967-1969 Box 2 Folder 7 Meeting Materials 1970-1972 Box 17 Folder 3 tapes of CTR Standing Committee Meeting, Washington, D.C. May 14, 1971 Box 2 Folder 8 Meeting Materials 1973 Box 3 Folder 1 Meeting Materials 1974 Subseries D. Reports (1951-1982)

This subseries includes issues of the Fusion Forefront Newsletter. Often progress reports, these materials contain some reports directed to Congress and the President. Also includes speeches, memos with reports attached, and published reports, and documents program visits and progress, including international consultations.

 Box 3 Folder 2 Fusion Forefront Newsletter 1974-1979 Box 3 Folder 3 Reports 1951-1956 Box 3 Folder 4 "Report on Project Sherwood Covering a Study Period From 1956 August 1, 1955 Through April 30, 1956," Box 3 Folder 5 Reports 1957-1961 Box 3 Folder 6 "Civilian Nuclear Power - A Report to the President" 1962 Box 3 Folder 7 Reports 1966-1970 Box 3 Folder 8 Reports 1971-1973 Box 3 Folder 9 Reports 1974 Box 3 Folder 10 Reports 1975 Box 5 Folder 1 Reports 1976 Box 5 Folder 2 Reports 1977-78 Box 5 Folder 3 Reports 1979-82 Box 5 Folder 4 Reports undated Box 4 Folder 1 Classified Conference on Thermonuclear Reactors, Denver 1952 Box 4 Folder 2 Conference on Thermonuclear Reactions, Berkeley 1953 Box 4 Folder 3 Conference on Thermonuclear Reactions, Princeton 1954 Box 4 Folder 4 Conference on Thermonuclear Reactions, Livermore(1) 1955 Box 4 Folder 5 Conference on Thermonuclear Reactions, Livermore(2) 1955 Box 4 Folder 6 Conference on Thermonuclear Reactions, Livermore(3) 1955 Box 4 Folder 7 Conference on Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Princeton(1) 1955 Box 4 Folder 8 Conference on Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Princeton(2) 1955 Box 4 Folder 9 Conference on Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Princeton(3) 1955 Box 4 Folder 10 Conference on Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Princeton(4) 1955 Box 4 Folder 11 Conference on Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Gatlinburg(1) 1956 Box 4 Folder 12 Conference on Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Gatlinburg(2) 1956 Box 4 Folder 13 Conference on Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Gatlinburg(3) 1956 Box 4 Folder 14 Conference on Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Gatlinburg(4) 1956 Box 4 Folder 15 Conference on Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Gatlinburg(5) 1956 Box 4 Folder 16 Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Conference at Berkeley 1957 Box 4 Folder 17 Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Conference at Berkeley(1) 1957 Box 4 Folder 18 Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Conference at Berkeley(2) 1957 Box 4 Folder 19 Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Conference at Berkeley(1) 1957 Box 4 Folder 20 Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Conference at Berkeley(2) 1957 Box 4 Folder 21 Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions, Conference at Berkeley(3) 1957 Box 4 Folder 22 Controlled Thermonuclear Conference Held, Washington, D.C.(1) 1958 Box 4 Folder 23 Controlled Thermonuclear Conference Held, Washington, D.C.(2) 1958 Box 4 Folder 24 Controlled Thermonuclear Conference Held, Washington, D.C.(3) 1958 Series II. Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), 1951-1979 (Boxes 5-6)

The Princeton lab and its long-time director Lyman Spitzer were proponents of the Stellarator. This series includes materials about Princeton's contributions to fusion research, including Project Matterhorn.

 Subseries A. Administrative Materials (1955-1965)

Princeton's administrative materials concentrate on personnel, budget, and planning issues, as well as the Summer Institute in Plasma Physics.

 Box 5 Folder 5 Administrative Materials 1955-1965, undated Subseries B. Correspondence (1951-1973)

The correspondence Bromberg collected from Princeton includes letters from Spitzer and Melvin Gottlieb, among others.

 Box 5 Folder 6 Correspondence 1951-1973 Subseries C. Meeting Materials (1954-1966)

These materials focus on the Matterhorn review committee, and other program reviews.

 Box 5 Folder 7 Meeting Materials 1954-1966 Box 5 Folder 8 Matterhorn (PPPL) Review Committee 1955-1963 Subseries D. Reports (1951-1979)

Princeton's reports contain materials about Project Matterhorn, the Model C Stellarator, and the Alcator and Tokamak systems.

 Box 5 Folder 9 "Report of the TFTR Physics Advisory Committee" 1975 Box 6 Folder 1 Reports 1951-1961 Box 6 Folder 2 Reports 1969-1978, n.d Box 6 Folder 3 "Problems of the Stellarator as a Useful Power Source," JLB's notes 1954 Box 6 Folder 4 "The Model C Decade, 1961-1969: An Informal History 1979 Series III. University of California's Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (Livermore), 1952-1978 (Boxes 6-7)

The Livermore lab developed the "mirror" experiment. Nicholas Christofilos' ALICE proposal was also influential at the Livermore lab.

 Subseries A. Administrative Materials (1953-1977)

These materials cover budget expenses, program justification and planning, as well as the ALICE and ASTRON programs.

 Box 6 Folder 5 Administrative Materials 1953-1976, undated Box 6 Folder 6 ALICE 1963-1977, undated Box 6 Folder 7 ASTRON Program 1963-1972, undated Subseries B. Correspondence (1952-1972)

This subseries holds correspondence from such notables as Herbert York, Ernest Lawrence, Richard Post, T.K. Fowler, and Roger Batzel.

 Box 6 Folder 8 Correspondence 1952-1972 Subseries C. Meeting Materials (1976-1977)

Livermore hosted the US-USSR Symposium on Fusion-Fission Reactors in 1976. The summary of these proceedings and the proceedings of the second Fusion-Fission Energy Systems Review Meeting in 1977 are in this subseries.

 Box 6 Folder 9 "US-USSR Symposium on Fusion-Fission Reactors" and "Proceedings of the Second Fusion-Fission Energy Systems Review Meeting" 1976-1977 Subseries D. Reports (1952-1978)

Bromberg's collection of Livermore reports covers topics including the Uppsala conference, general reports on controlled thermonuclear reactions, project reviews, the status of the mirror program, the visit of the US CTR team to the USSR, the ASTRON program, and environmental aspects of reactors.

 Box 7 Folder 1 Reports 1952-1959 Box 7 Folder 2 Reports 1961-1964 Box 7 Folder 3 Reports 1967-1974 Box 7 Folder 4 Reports 1975-1978 Series IV. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL), 1948-1978 (Boxes 7-8)

Los Alamos was led by James L. Tuck in the early years of fusion when they worked on the "pinch" and by Fred Ribe during the Scyllac experiments. While subseries A should be administrative materials from Los Alamos, in accordance with the format of the other laboratory series, there were none found amongst these papers. Therefore, the administrative subseries was eliminated from Series IV.

 Subseries A. Correspondence (1951-1975)

Los Alamos correspondence covers material sent by (and occasionally to) James Tuck and Fred Ribe, among others.

 Box 7 Folder 5 Correspondence 1951-1975 Subseries B. Meeting Materials (1962-1975)

These materials focus on meetings between LASL and CTR staff.

 Box 7 Folder 6 Meeting Materials 1962-1975 Subseries C. Reports (1948-1978)

The earliest material in this collection, LASL's reports document some of the early ideas about fusion. They also include pinch proposals and related materials, histories of Los Alamos' involvement in fusion research, and general reports on the logistics of fusion.

 Box 8 Folder 1 Reports 1948-1969 Box 8 Folder 2 Reports 1973-1978, undated Box 8 Folder 3 "Review of Controlled Thermonuclear Research at Los Alamos" 1965 Series V. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 1951-1979 (Boxes 8-9)

The fusion team at Oak Ridge focused their early efforts on the Ormak.

 Subseries A. Administrative Materials (1951-1979)

This subseries includes documents regarding long-range program planning, diagrams of program structure, and a list of ORNL publications.

 Box 8 Folder 4 Administrative Materials 1951-1979 Subseries B. Correspondence (1955-1975)

ORNL correspondence involving such people as John Luce, Alvin Weinberg, J. Rand McNally, Jr., and Arthur Snell.

 Box 8 Folder 5 Correspondence 1955-1975 Subseries C. Meeting Materials (1959-1968)

The ORNL meeting materials center on reports of Sherwood Committee meetings held there. Also included is Postma's report of the Novosibirsk conference, 1968.

 Box 8 Folder 6 Meeting Materials 1959-1968 Subseries D. Reports (1957-1979)

The ORNL reports in this collection include annual reports, design reports, travel reports, and results reports. Many of these focus on the Ormak.

 Box 8 Folder 7 Reports 1957-1968 Box 9 Folder 1 Reports 1969-1972 Box 9 Folder 2 Reports 1973-1979, undated Series VI. Other Contributors, 1922-1980 (Boxes 9-10)

This series includes other influential contributors such as New York University's Institute of Mathematics and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It also includes the corporate contingent of the fusion effort, with material from General Electric's Research Laboratory and General Dynamic Corporation's General Atomic Division. Also included in this series are records Bromberg collected to document international cooperation, especially with the United Kingdom and the USSR.

 Box 9 Folder 3 MIT 1955-1974 Box 9 Folder 4 MIT: "High Temperature Regimes in Magnetically Confined Plasmas" 1975 Box 9 Folder 5 New York University's Institute of Mathematics 1952-1968 Box 9 Folder 6 New York University's Institute of Mathematics: "Sherwood Progress Reports #2-5" 1957-1961 Box 9 Folder 7 Texas Atomic Energy Research Foundation 1979-1980 Box 9 Folder 8 ZETA 1958-1975, undated Box 9 Folder 9 Fusion Power Associates 1979-1980 Box 9 Folder 10 General Electric Research Laboratory 1951-1967; 1979 Box 9 Folder 11 General Dynamics Corp. General Atomic Div. 1961-1967 Box 10 Folder 1 United Kingdom 1957-1977 Box 10 Folder 2 USSR 1962-1977, undated Box 10 Folder 3 "Executive Director's Report on the Second International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, Switzerland" 1958 Box 10 Folder 4 "Status of Magnetic Fusion Research: A Report to the International Fusion Research Council, International Atomic Energy Agency" 1977 Box 10 Folder 5 "Alcator Scaling Laws," Prepared by D.S. Pappas for APS Plasma Physics Meeting. "Minutes of the 60th and 61st Meeting of the Board of Directors, American Nuclear Society" 1974-1975 Box 10 Folder 6 Ford's Aeronautic, Electric Power Reserch Institute, Gibbs and Cox, Inc., New Jersey Public Service Electric and Gas, PGE, Texas Electric Service Co., The Sinetics Group, Westinghouse Electric Corporation 1922-1980 Box 10 Folder 7 "Institutional Constraints to Fusion Commercialization" and "Commercializing Fusion" 1976-1979 Box 10 Folder 8 Cooperative Efforts (US) 1966-1977 Box 10 Folder 9 UC Berkeley, UChicago, Cornell, UTexas Austin, UWisconsin 1953-1976 Box 10 Folder 10 Articles on Fusion 1957-1978 Series VII. Bromberg's Notes, 1951-1982 (Boxes 10-18)

This series consists of original materials written by Bromberg and her research assistants. These materials include biographical materials that were gathered as vertical files, correspondence and notes relating to the process of researching the book, and tapes of interviews.

 Subseries A. Biography Files (1951-1982)

These files contain the information Bromberg was able to collect as background information on people concerned with the Fusion project. Due to the number of people Bromberg collected notes on the files have been grouped together; one folder may hold more than one person's information.

 Box 10 Folder 11 Philip H. Abelson (1979), Lev Artismovich (1973, undated), 1973-1979, George Bekefi (undated), Don A. Baker (1979), Clarence Barnett (1980), Amasa Bishop (1966, undated), Keith Boyer (undated), Norris E. Bradbury (1979), Solomon Bucksbaum (1979, undated), W.M. Brobeck (undated), K.A. Brueckner (undated), Louis Burkhardt (1977-1979), Robert Bussard (undated) 1966-1980, undated Box 10 Folder 12 Nicholas Christofilos 1959-1981 Box 10 Folder 13 John Clarke (1977-79), S.A. Colgate (1979), Bruno Coppi (1972-1980) 1976-1982 Box 10 Folder 14 Frederic H. Coensgen 1959-1980, undated Box 10 Folder 15 Philip Davenport (undated), N. Anne Davies (1980), Stephen O. Dean (1977-80), John M. Deutch (1980), Charles Damm (1977), Ray Dandl (undated), William Drummond (1980) 1977-1980 Box 10 Folder 16 William R. Ellis (1979), Harold P. Eubank (undated) 1979, undated Box 10 Folder 17 T.K. Fowler 1963-1980 Box 11 Folder 1 H.P. Furth (1971-1979, undated), Melvin Gottlieb (1977-1980, undated), William Gough (1970-1979, undated) 1970-1980, undated Box 11 Folder 2 Roy W. Gould (1979, undated), Harold Grad (1979, undated), Donald Grove (1977-78, undated), Gareth Guest (1979) 1977-1979, undated Box 11 Folder 3 Robert L. Hirsch 1973-1981 Box 11 Folder 4 Robert L. Hirsch's Diary Mar-July, 1975 Box 11 Folder 5 Robert L. Hirsch's Diary Aug 1975-Jan 1976 Box 11 Folder 6 Henry Hurwitz (1958-1978. undated), Franz Jahoda (1979), Torkild Jensen (1979, undated), John Johnson (1978, undated) 1958-1979, undated Box 11 Folder 7 T.H. Johnson (1951-1957), E. Kemp (undated), Donald W. Kerst (1978, undated), Herb Kinney (undated), Edwin Kintner (1976-81, undated) 1951-1981, undated Box 11 Folder 8 Alan Kolb (1979, undated), Gerlad Kulcinski (1978), Wulf Kunkel (1978), John D. Lawson (1955-1980, undated), Willard F. Libby (undated) 1955-1980, undated Box 11 Folder 9 John Marshall (undated), Mike McCormack (1975-77, undated), Paul McDaniel (1979, undated), Robert G. Mills (undated), D. Bruce Montgomery (1980), Michael Murphy (undated) 1975-1980, undated Box 11 Folder 10 Tihiro Ohkawa (1979), Ronald Parker (1980, undated), James Phillips (1979), Herman Postma (1980, undated) 1979-1980, undated Box 11 Folder 11 Richard F. Post 1974-1980, undated Box 11 Folder 12 J.T. Ramsey, (1980), Fred Ribe (1977-79, undated), Marshall Rosenbluth (undated), Werner B. Reisenfeld (1979), Michael Roberts (1979, undated), Arthur Ruark (1978-79, undated) 1977-1980, undated Box 12 Folder 1 David J. Rose 1969-1980, undated Box 12 Folder 2 G.A. Sawyer (1972-1977), Glenn Seaborg (1961, undated), Robert Seamans (1977-80, undated), Louis Smullin (1980), Thomas Stix (undated) 1961-1980, undated Box 12 Folder 3 Lyman Spitzer 1941-1980, undated Box 12 Folder 4 Don Steiner (1975-79, undated), Lewis Strauss (1958-80, undated), Gerald Tape (1977, undated), Richard Taschek (1979, undated), John Teem (1978-80, undated), Edward Teller (1978, undated) 1958-1980, undated Box 12 Folder 5 James Tuck (1948-79, undated), Chester Van Atta (1978, undated), Kenneth Wakefield (undated), Alan Ware (1950-78, undated) 1948-1979, undated Box 12 Folder 6 Alvin Weinberg (1979), Willem Westendorp (1975), Herbert York (1978-79), Shoichi Yoshikawa (1979, undated) 1975-79, undated Box 12 Folder 7 Miniature Biographies: R.G. Herb, D.D. Jacobus, G.S. Brown, T.H. Johnson, P.L. Auer, E.N. Parker, S.K. Allison undated Box 12 Folder 8 Miniature Biographical notes for commissioners 1958, undated Subseries B. Interviews (1976-1981)

This subseries consists of audio tapes of interviews, and correspondence from those who preferred to provide their answers by mail. Some of the tapes, Bromberg labeled 'transcribed,' this collection does not contain these transcripts. However, there are some notes Bromberg typed about occasional interviews later from memory.

 Box 12 Folder 9 Interview Notes/Correspondence 1976-1981, undated Box 3 Taped interviews B-E: Don A. Baker, Thomas Batzer - Gus Carlson, Robert Bingham, Solomon Bucksbaum, James Callen, John F. Clarke (2 tapes), Frederick H. Coensgen, Robert W. Conn, Bruno Coppi (2 tapes), Charles Damm, Ray Dandl (2 tapes), Robert C. Seamans, Jr. - N. Anne Davies, Stephen O. Dean (3 tapes), Harold Eubank 1977-79, undated Box 4 Taped interviews E-K: Harold Eubank, T.K. Fowler, H. P. Furth (2 tapes), Melvin B. Gottlieb(2 tapes), Roy W. Gould ( 2 tapes), Harold Grad (3 tapes), Hans Griem, Don J. Grove - Wolfgang Stodiek, Robert L. Hirsch (2 tapes), Henry Hurwitz - Herbert Pollack, Henry Hurwitz - Herbert Pollack - Willem Westendorp, Franz Jahoda, Franz Jahoda - E.E. Kemp 1977-79, undated Box 5 Taped interviews J-P: John Johnson, E. Kemp, Daniel Kerst - Wulf Kunkel, Edwin E. Kintner (2 tapes), Alan Kolb - Norman Rostoker, Robert Krakowski, John D. Lawson, John Marshall, Jr., Robert G. Mills (2 tapes), Kenneth Wakefield, D. Bruce Montgomery, O.B. Morgan - Lee A. Berry, Edward Bettis - George Kelly - Robert Dory - James Callen, Edward Bettis - George Kelly - Thomas (?) Jernigan, Julian Dunlap - Don Steiner, Tihiro Ohkawa, Ronald Parker (2 tapes) 1978-79, undated Box 6 Taped interviews P-S: Ronald Parker, Robert F. Post (3 tapes), Herman Postma, Fred L. Ribe (2 tapes), Werner Riesenfeld, Michael Roberts (2 tapes), Marshall N. Rosenbluth, David J. Rose (3 tapes), Arthur E. Ruark (3 tapes), George A. Sawyer, Arthur H. Snell 1979-80, undated Box 7 Taped interviews S-Y: Lyman Spitzer, J.C. Spott - Keith Symon, Thomas Stix, Richard F. Taschek, John M. Teem, James Leslie Tuck (4 tapes), Kenneth E. Wakefield, Herbert F. York 1978-80, undated Subseries C. Research Notes (1978-1982)

These files include Bromberg's research notes, including notes about the various records centers where she conducted her research, pieces of manuscript drafts, and correspondence regarding the accuracy of her information. In addition to other miscellaneous notes, this subseries also includes two photographs.

 Box 12 Folder 10 Inventories of Records 1978-79, undated Box 12 Folder 11 Copy of manuscript draft section with R.L. Hirsch's comments undated Box 12 Folder 12 Correspondence re: draft comments 1981-1982 Box 12 Folder 13 Miscellaneous undated Box 12 Folder 14 "History of the Magnetic Fusion Program: 1951-1976," George Kellog Hess, Jr. 1977 Box 12 Folder 15 Robert Belfield, "The Utilities Response to Fusion: The User's Demands" and "Industrial Participation in Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion, 1954-1967" 1980 Box 12 Folder 16 8"x10" color photographs: "Section Through a Titanium Washer Stack Plasma Gun," and "Cutaway of Early Toy-Top Experimental Apparatus" undated Box 18 Bromberg's original index