Finding Aid to the Ian I. Mitroff interviews with lunar scientists, 1969-1972Niels Bohr Library & Archives 1.0 American Institute of Physics Niels Bohr Library & Archives
One Physics Ellipse College Park, MD 20740 USA nbl@aip.org
2008 Machine-readable finding aid encoded by Mary Crauderueff in 2007. Any revisions made to this finding aid occurred as part of the editing and encoding process. Finding aid is written in English. Description of the CollectionMitroff, Ian I. Ian I. Mitroff interviews with lunar scientists, 1969-1972 American Institute of Physics. Niels Bohr Library & Archives. 8.5 linear feet15 manuscript boxes; 8 cassette tape boxes AR135 English The collection contains interviews, questionnaires, interview abstracts, and articles created by Ian Mitroff from 1969 to 1972. Selected Search Terms

These papers have been indexed in the International Catalog of Sources for History of Physics and Allied Sciences (ICOS) using the following terms. Those seeking related materials should search under these terms.

Mitroff, Ian I. Astronomy. Moon Space sciences. Biographical Note

Ian I. Mitroff earned his B.S. (Engineering Physics, 1961), M.S. (Structural Engineering, 1963) and Ph.D. (Engineering Science, 1967) from the University of California at Berkeley.

While at the Graduate School of Business at the University (1969-1972), Mitroff conducted 271 interviews with lunar space scientists as research on science and psychology. The scientists were interviewed during the period just after Apollo 11 and through the Apollo 16 mission. He used these psychological surveys to write articles for publication, including "Norms and Counter-Norms in a Select Group of the Apollo Moon Scientists: A Case Study of the Ambivalence of Scientists," a draft of which is included in this collection. The articles and interviews led to the draft and publication of Mitroff's book The Subjective Side of Science: A Philosophical Enquiry into the Psychology of the Apollo Moon Scientists.

The book was published in 1974, and reissued in 1984. The undated articles that are included in this collection, as well as other articles not included, were published continuing at least three years after the included dates of this collection.

Scope and Contents of Collection

The material in this collection is the products of interviews with forty-three lunar scientists conducted by Mitroff to write The Subjective Side of Science, a study of the sociology, psychology, and philosophy of scientific enquiry. Beginning in 1969, the scientists were interviewed during the period just after Apollo 11 and through the Apollo 16 mission. Each respondent was interviewed a total of four times in order to determine whether the beliefs of the scientists were changing in response to the scientific data brought back from successive Apollo missions to the moon.

The bulk of this collection is comprised of interview transcripts and follow-up interview questionnaires. The collection also includes an abstract of each interview, as well as biographical information for select interviewees. It includes a manuscript draft of Mitroff's book The Subjective Side of Science: A Philosophical Enquiry into the Psychology of the Apollo Moon Scientists, and the original interview audio cassettes, many of which are not transcribed. Many of the tapes were remastered onto 10-inch reels between 2003 and 2005.

 Organization and Arrangement of Collection

Organized into the following series:

Series I: Interview transcripts Series II: Follow-up interview questionnaires Series III: Interview abstracts and biographical information Series IV: Manuscript draft Series V: Interview recordings

The original arrangement by the creator is undisturbed.

The cassette tapes have two lists of tape numbers. The list in the right-most column holds the original numbering by Mitroff for his tapes, which are the numbers that correspond with the transcribed interviews. The list in the left column is the number

Access to Collection

Researchers must have an approved access application on file in order to access archival materials. http://www.aip.org/history/nbl/access.html.

 Provenance and Acquisition Information

Transferred to the Niles Bohr Library and Archives by Ian I. Mitroff in 1976.

 Processing Information

Mary Crauderueff 2007.

Preferred Citation of Collection

Box [number], Folder [number], Ian I. Mitroff interviews with lunar scientists, 1969-1972. American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives, College Park, MD 20740, USA.

 Container List Series I: Interview transcripts 11 Tape 1: Hapke, Bruce, November 25, 1969 12 Tape 2: Kohman, Truman, November 25, 1969 13 Tape 3: Urey, Harold, December 1, 1969 14 Tape 4: Urey, Harold, 1 page of James Arnold, undated 15 Tape 5: Chapman, Dean, December 3, 1969 16 Tape 6: Kaula, William, December 2, 1969 17 Tape 7a: Urey, Harold, December 1, 1969 18 Tape 7b: Arnold, James, December 1, 1969 19 Tape 8: Dr. Chapman (side1); Gault, Don, December 3, 1969 110 Tape 9: Gault, Don, December 3, 1969 111 Tape 10: Anders, Edward, December 9, 1969 112 Tape 11: Anders, Edward, undated 113 Tape 12: Turkevich, Anthony, December 9, 1969 114 Tape 13: O'Keefe, John, December 4, 1969 115 Tape 14: O'Keefe, John, undated 116 Tape 15: Gold, Tom, December 15, 1969 117 Tape 16: Gold, Tom, December 15, 1969 118 Tape 17: Wise, Don, December 16, 1969 119 Tape 18: Wise, Don, December 16, 1969 120 Tape 19: Wise, Don, December 16, 1969 121 Tape 20: Brett, Robin, January 3, 1970 122 Tape 21: Brett, Robin, January 3, 1970 21 Tape 22: Taylor, Ross, January 4, 1970 22 Tape 23: Taylor, Ross, January 4, 1970 23 Tape 24a: Taylor, Ross, January 4, 1970 24 Tape 24b: Grossman, Jack, undated 25 Tape 25: Grossman, Jack; Taylor, Ross, undated 26 Tape 26: Alfven, Hans, January 6, 1970 27 Tape 27: Alfven, Hans, January 6, 1970 28 Tape 28: Fischer, Robert, January 12, 1970 29 Tape 29: Fischer, Robert, January 12, 1970 210 Tape 31: O'Keefe, John - Pitt Geological Seminar, January 14, 1970 211 Tape 32: O'Keefe, John; Walter, Louis, undated 212 Tape 33: Walter, Louis, January 13, 1970 213 Tape 34: Schnetzler, Charles, January 15, 1970 214 Tape 35: Schnetzler, Charles, January 15, 1970 215 Tape 36: Schnetzler, Charles, January 15, 1970 216 Tape 37: Chao, Edward, January 16, 1970 217 Tape 38: Chao, Edward and Mason, Brian, January 16, 1970 31 Tape 39: Mason, Brian; Jastrow, Robert, January 16, 1970 32 Tape 40: Jastrow, Robert; Gast, Paul (at the Geological Survey), January 12, 1970; January 27, 1970 33 Tape 41: Gast, Paul, January 27, 1970 34 Tape 42: Frondel, Clifford, January 28, 1970 35 Tape 43: Faul, Henry; Mazursky, Harold, January 29, 1970, Faul; February 1, 1970, Mazursky 36 Tape 44: Faul, Henry; Frondel, Clifford, undated, Faul; January 28, 1970, Frondel 37 Tape 45: Mazursky, Harold, February 2, 1970 38 Tape 46: Mazursky, Harold (continued from tape 45); Green, Jack, February 2, 1970, Mazursky; February 3, 1970, Green 39 Tape 47: Green, Jack, Wasserberg, Gerald, February 2, 1970, Green; February 3, 1970, Wasserberg 310 Tape 48: Wasserberg, Gerald, February 3, 1970 311 Tape 49: Chapman, Dean, February 5, 1970 312 Tape 50: Lind, Don and Brett, Robin, February 25, 1970 313 Tape 51: Lind, Don, February 25, 1970 41 Tape 52: Anderson, Don, February 26, 1970 42 Tape 53: Anderson, Don; Dick Wilmarth, February 26, 1970 43 Tape 54: Wilmarth, Dick and Elbert King, undated 44 Tape 55: King, Elbert, February 27, 1970 45 Tape 56: King, Elbert; Becker, Ralph, February 27, 1970 46 Tape 58: Cohen, Alvin - University of Pittsburgh, March 16, 1970 47 Tape 59: Cohen, Alvin; Hapke, Bruce, 3/16/1970, Cohen; 3/25/1970, Hapke 48 Tape 60: Hapke, Bruce (continued from tape 59); Singer, Fred, 4/19/1970, Singer; undated, Hapke 49 Tape 61: Singer, Fred, undated 410 Tape 62: Wetherwill, George; William Kaula, April 20, 1970 411 Tape 63: Wetherwill, George, April 20, 1970 412 Tape 64: Wetherwill, George; Urey, Harold, 4/20/1970, Wetherwill; undated, Urey 413 Tape 65: Wasserberg, Gerald - American Geophysics Union (AGU) Meeting; Anderson, Orson, undated 51 Tape 66: Glass, Billy, April 21, 1970 52 Tape 67: Glass, Billy; Anderson, Orson, undated 53 Tape 68: Cammeron, A.G.W., April 22, 1970 54 Tape 69: Cammeron, A.G.W.; Silver, Lee; Dietz, Robert, undated 55 Tape 70: Dietz, Robert, April 22, 1970 56 Tape 71: Dietz, Robert; King, Elbert; Ringwood, Ted, undated 57 Tape 72: Ringwood, Ted, King, Elbert, April 23, 1970 58 Tape 73: King, Elbert - American Geophysics Union (AGU) Meeting; Gast, Paul; Silver, Lee, April 23, 1970 59 Tape 75: Cassidy, William, May 15, 1970 510 Tape 76: Cassidy, William, May 15, 1970 511 Tape 77: Cassidy, William; Opik, Ernst, undated, Cassidy; Opik, 5/15/1970 512 Tape 78: Opik, Ernst, undated 513 Tape 79: Opik, Ernst, undated 514 Tape 83: Cassidy, William, Questionnaire 515 Tape 84: Cassidy, William; Hapke, Bruce, undated, Cassidy; 7/14/1970, Hapke 516 Tape 85: Mazursky, Harold, July 18, 1970 517 Tape 86: Green, Jack, July 19, 1970 518 Tape 87: Green, Jack, undated 519 Tape 88: Green, Jack, July 19, 1970 520 Tape 89: Urey, Harold; Green, Jack, undated 61 Tape 90: Urey, Harold; Arnold, James, July 20, 1970 62 Tape 91: Arnold, James, undated 63 Tape 92: Arnold, James; Grossman, Jack, 7/20/1970, Arnold; 7/21/1970, Grossman 64 Tape 93: Grossman, Jack; Kaula, William, undated, Grossman; 7/22/1970, Kaula 65 Tape 94: Kaula, William; Wetherwill, George, July 22, 1970 66 Tape 95: Wetherwill, George; Wasserberg, Gerald, July 23, 1970 67 Tape 96: Wasserberg, Gerald; Chapman, Dean, 7/23/1970, Wasserberg; 7/24/1970, Chapman 68 Tape 97: Chapman, Dean; Gault, Don, July 24, 1970 69 Tape 98: Gault, Don; Kohman, Truman, 7/24/1970, Gault; 8/21/1790, Kohman 610 Tape 99: Cohen, Alvin, August 21, 1970 611 Tape 100: Cohen, Alvin; Hapke, Bruce, 8/21/1970, Cohen; 9/25/1970, Hapke 612 Tape 101: Fuller, Mike, September 25, 1970 613 Tape 102: Fuller, Mike, September 25, 1970 614 Tape 103: Fuller, Mike, October 2, 1970 615 Tape 104: Gold, Tom, October 6, 1970 616 Tape 105: Gold, Tom, undated 617 Tape 106: O'Leary, Brian; Tom Gold, October 8, 1970 618 Tape 107: O'Leary, Brian, October 7, 1970 619 Tape 108: Wise, Don, October 8, 1970 620 Tape 109: Wise, Don, October 8, 1970 71 Tape 110: Pittsburgh Conference: Fischer, Robert; Hapke, Bruce; Kohman, Truman; Fuller, Mike; Cohen, Alvin, November 3, 1970 72 Tape 111: Cohen, Alvin; Cassidy, William, November 13, 1970 73 Tape 112: Fischer, Robert, November 13, 1970 74 Tape 113: Fischer, Robert; O'Keefe, John, November 18, 1970 75 Tape 114: O'Keefe, John, undated 76 Tape 115: Walter, Lou, November 18, 1970 77 Tape 116: Walter, Lou; Schnetzler, Charles, November 18, 1970 78 Tape 117: Schnetzler, Charles, November 18, 1970 79 Tape 119: Mason, Brian; Short, Nickolas, November 19, 1970 710 Tape 120: Short, Nickolas, November 19-20, 1970 711 Tape 121: Short, Nickolas, November 20, 1970 712 Tape 122: Short, Nickolas; Anders, Edward, November 20, 1970, Short; December 16, 1970, Anders 713 Tape 123: Anders, Edward, December 16, 1970 714 Tape 124: Anders, Edward; Chao, Edward, December 16, 1970, Anders; December 24, 1970, Chao 715 Tape 125: Chao, Edward, December 24, 1970 716 Tape 126: Lind, Donald, January 8, 1971 717 Tape 127: Schmitt, Jack; Anderson, Dan, January 8, 1971 718 Tape 128: Anderson, Dan, January 8, 1971 719 Tape 129: Brett, Robin, January 9, 1971 81 Tape 131: Taylor, Ross; King, Elbert, January 9, 1971 82 Tape 132: King, Elbert; Glass, Billy; Alvin Cohen, January 9, 1971, King; undated, Glass; Cohen, November 1, 1971 83 Tape 137: Cammeron, A.G.W.; Frondel, Clifford, February 2, 1971, Cammeron; February 9, 1971, Frondel 84 Tape 138: Frondel, Clifford , February 9, 1971 85 Tape 139: Frondel, Clifford; John Wood, February 9, 1971, Frondel; February 10, 1971, Wood 86 Tape 140: Wood, John; Marvin, Ursula, February 10, 1971 87 Tape 142: Marvin, Ursula, February 19, 1971 88 Tape 144: Gast, Paul and Mitroff comments on Dr. Jastrow, April 2, 1971, Gast; undated, comments 89 Tape 145: Gast, Paul, April 2, 1971, Gast 810 Tape 165: Wetherwill, George, May 3, 1971 811 Tape 166: Wetherwill, George; Wasserberg, George, May 3, 1971, Wetherwill; May 4, 1971, Wasserberg 812 Tape 167: Wasserberg, George; Chapman, Dean, May 4, 1971, Wasserberg; May 5, 1971, Chapman 813 Tape 169: Arnold, Jim, May 6, 1971 814 Tape 170: Arnold, Jim; Gault, Don, May 6, 1971, Arnold; undated, Gault 815 Tape 173: Opik, Ernst, May 14, 1971 816 Tape 174: Opik, Ernst; Gold, Tom, May 14, 1971, Opik; May 25, 1971, Gold 817 Tape 175: Gold, Tom, May 25, 1971 818 Tape 176: Gold, Tom; Wise, Don, May 25, 1971, Gold; May 26, 1971, Wise 819 Tape 177: Wise, Don, May 26, 1971 820 Tape 178: Wise, Don; Singer, Fred, May 26, 1971, Wise; June 8, 1971, Singer 81 Tape 180: O'Keefe, John, June 9, 1971 82 Tape 181: O'Keefe, John; Walter, Lou, June 9, 1971 83 Tape 182: Schnetzler, Charles, June 9, 1971 84 Tape 183: Schnetzler, Charles; Brett, Robin, June 9, 1971, Schnetzler; June 22, 1971, Brett 85 Tape 184: Brett, Robin, June 22, 1971 86 Tape 186: Warner, Jeff, June 23, 1971 97 Tape 187: Lind, Donald, June 23, 1971 98 Tape 188: Lind, Donald; Frondel, Clifford, June 23, 1971, Lind; June 29, 1971, Frondel 99 Tape 190: Wood, John; Marvin, Ursula, June 30, 1971 910 Tape 191: Marvin, Ursula; Anders, Edward, June 30, 1971, Marvin; July 7, 1971, Anders 911 Tape 192: Anders, Edward; Chao, Edward, July 7, 1971, Anders; July 13, 1971, Chao 912 Tape 193: Chao, Edward, July 13, 1971 913 Tape 196: Gast, Paul, July 15, 1971 914 Tape 197: Gast, Paul, July 15, 1971 915 Tape 203: Deese, James; Cofer, Charles, September 17, 1971, Deese; September 21, 1971, Cofer 916 Tape 204: Cofer, Charles; Solomon, Richard, September 21, 1971, Cofer; September 28, 1971, Solomon 917 Tape 205: Solomon, Richard; Miller, George, September 28, 1971, Solomon; September 29, 1971, Miller 918 Tape 206: Miller, George, September 29, 1971 919 Tape 207: Miller, Neal, September 29, 1971 920 Tape 208: Catania, Charles, October 15, 1971 921 Tape 209: Catania, Charles; Krech, David, October 15, 1971, Catania; October 26, 1971, Krech 922 Tape 210: Postman, Leo, October 26, 1971 923 Tape 211: Hilgard, Ernest, October 27, 1971 Series II: Follow-up Interview Questionnaires Subseries A: Round 2 Questionnaires 101 Cassidy, William, undated 102 Hapke, Bruce, undated 103 Mazursky, Harold, undated 104 Green, Jack, undated 105 Urey, Harold, undated 106 James, Arnold, undated 107 Grossman, Jack, undated 108 Kaula, William, undated 109 Wetherwill, George, undated 1010 Wasserberg, Gerald, undated 1011 Chapman, Dean, undated 1012 Gault, Don, undated 1013 Kohman, Truman, undated 1014 Cohen, Alvin, undated 1015 Fuller, Mike, undated 1016 Gold, Tom, undated 1017 O'Leary, Brian, undated 1018 Wise, Don, undated 1019 Fishcer, Robert, undated 1020 O'Keefe, John, undated 1021 Walter, Lou, undated 1022 Schnetzler, Charles, undated 1023 Singer, Fred, undated 1024 Mason, Brian, undated 1025 Short, Nicholas, undated 1026 Anders, Edwards, undated 1027 Chao, Edward, undated 1028 Lind, Donald, undated 1029 Anderson, Dan, undated 1030 Brett, Robin, undated 1031 Taylor, Ross, undated 1032 King, Elbert, undated 1033 Glass, Billy, undated 1034 Shoemaker, Eugene, undated 1035 Cameron, A.G.W., undated 1036 Frondel, Clifford, undated 111 Wood, John, undated 112 Marvin, Ursula, undated 113 Press, Frank, undated 114 Jastrow, Robert, undated 115 Gast, Paul, undated 116 Warner, Jess, undated 117 Dietz, Robert, undated 118 Ringwood, Ted, undated 119 Opik, Ernst, undated Subseries B: Round 3 Questionnaires 1110 Dietz, Robert, undated 1111 Ringwood, Ted, undated 1112 Cassidy, William, undated 1113 Hapke, Bruce, undated 1114 Fuller, Mike, undated 1115 Kohman, Truman, undated 1116 Fischer, Robert, undated 1117 Cohen, Alvin, undated 1118 Masursky, Harold, undated 1119 Grossman, Jack, undated 1120 Kaula, William, undated 1121 Green, Jack, undated 1122 Wetherwill, George, undated 1123 Wasserberg, Gerald, undated 1124 Chapman, Dean, undated 1125 Arnold, James, undated 1126 Gault, Donald, undated 1127 Urey, Harold, undated 1128 Opik, Ernst, undated 1129 Gold, Tom, undated 1130 Wise, Don, undated 1131 Singer, Fred, undated 1132 Short, Nicholas, undated 1133 O'Keefe, John, undated 1134 Walter, Lou, undated 1135 Schnetzler, Charles, undated 1136 Brett, Robin, undated 1137 Anderson, D.M.W., undated 121 Warner, Jeff, undated 122 Lind, Don, undated 123 Frondel, Clifford, undated 124 Wood, John, undated 125 Marvin, Ursula, undated 126 Anders, Edward, undated 127 Chao, Edward, undated 128 King, Elbert, undated 129 Gast, Paul, undated 1210 Glass, Billy, undated 1211 Cammeron A.G.W., undated 1212 Jastrow, Robert, undated 1213 Mason, Brian, undated 1214 O'Leary, Brian, undated 1215 Shoemaker, Eugene, undated Subseries C: Round 4 Questionnaires 1216 Kaula, William, undated 1217 Taylor, Ross, undated 1218 Ringwood, Ted, undated 1219 Gault, Don, undated 1220 Fuller, Mike, undated 1221 Cohen, Alvin, undated 1222 Kohman, Truman, undated 1223 Cassidy, Bill, undated 1224 Fischer, Robert, undated 1225 Hapke, Bruce, undated 1226 Grossman, Jack, undated 1227 Green, Jack, undated 1228 Urey, Harold, undated 1229 Arnold, James, undated 1230 Wetherwill, George, undated 1231 Masursky, Harold, undated 1232 Wasserberg, Gerald, undated 1233 Shoemaker, Eugene, undated 1234 Chapman, undated 131 O'Leary, Brian, undated 132 Warner, Jess, undated 133 Brett, Robin, undated 134 Gast, Paul, undated 135 Anderson, Dan, undated 136 King, Elbert, undated 137 Dietz, Robert, undated 138 Glass, Bill, undated 139 O'Keese, John, undated 1310 Walter, Lou, undated 1311 Short, Nicholas, undated 1312 Singer, Fred, undated 1313 Chao, Edward, undated 1314 Mason, Brian, undated 1315 Opik, Ernst, undated 1316 Wise, Don, undated 1317 Wood, John, undated 1318 Marvin, Ursula, undated 1319 Frondel, Clifford, undated 1320 Jastrow, Robert, undated 1321 Cammeron, A.G.W., undated 1322 Lind, Don, undated 1323 Anders, Edward, undated 1324 Gold, Tom, undated Series III: Interview abstracts/biographical information Subseries A: Abstracts 141 Reason for doing study; Other comments on study from interviews, by Mitroff, undated 142 Theories of Origin, undated 143 First Moon Rocks, undated 144 Hapke, Bruce, November 25, 1969 145 Kohman, Truman, November 25, 1969 146 Urey, Harold, December 1, 1969 147 Arnold, James, December 1, 1969 148 Kaula, William, December 2, 1969 149 Chapman, Dean, December 3, 1969 1410 Gault, Donald, February 3, 1969 1411 Anders, Edward, December 9, 1969 1412 Turkevich, Anthony, December 9, 1969 1413 O'Keefe, John, undated 1414 Gold, Tom, December 15, 1969 1415 Wise, Don, December 16, 1969 1416 Taylor, Ross, January 4, 1970 1417 Brett, Robin, January 3, 1970 1418 Grossman, Jack, January 5, 1970 1419 Wise, Don, January 5, 1970 1420 Hapke, Bruce, January 5, 1970 1421 Brett, Robin, January 5, 1970 1422 Walter, Louis, January 5, 1970 1423 Taylor, Ross, January 5, 1970 1424 Gault, Donald, January 5, 1970 1425 O'Keefe, John, January 5, 1970 1426 Hapke, Bruce, January 7, 1971 1427 Alfen, Hans, January 6, 1970 1428 Fischer, Robert, January 7, 1970 1429 Walter, Louis, January 13, 1970 1430 Schnetzler, Charles, January 13, 1970 1431 O'Keefe, John, January 13, 1970 1432 Chao, Edward, January 16, 1970 1433 Mason, Brian, January 16, 1970 1434 Jastrow, Robert, January 17, 1970 1435 Gast, Paul, January 27, 1970 1436 Frondel, Clifford, January 28, 1970 1437 Urey, Harold, March 4, 1970 1438 Faul, Henry, January 29, 1970 1439 Mazursky, Harold, February 2, 1970 1440 Green, Jack, February 3, 1970 1441 Chapman, Dean, February 5, 1970 1442 Shoemaker, Eugene, February 3, 1970 1443 Brett, Robin, February 25, 1970 1444 Wasserberg, Gerald, February 3, 1970 1445 Lind, Don, February 25, 1970 1446 Anderson, Dan, February 26, 1970 1447 Wilmarth, Dick, February 26, 1970 1448 King, Elbert, February 27, 1970 1449 Becker, Ralph, February 27, 1970 151 Cohen, Alvin, undated 152 Hapke, Bruce, March 25, 1970 153 Kaula, William, April 19, 1970 154 Singer, Fred, April 19, 1970 155 King, Elbert, February 27, 1970 156 Cohen, Alvin, April 20, 1970 157 Wetherill,George, April 21, 1970 158 Glass, Billy, April 21, 1970 159 Anderson, Orson, April 22, 1970 1510 Cammeron, A.G.W., April 22, 1970 1511 Dietz, Robert, April 23, 1970 1512 Ringwood, Ted, April 23, 1970 1513 Cassidy, William, May 15, 1970 1514 Opik, Ernst, May 22, 1970 15 Subseries B: Biographical Information 1515 Biographical Information, undated 1516 Small Comparison Study: Psychologist questionnaire - James Deese, Charles Cofer, Richard Solomon, George Miller, Neal Miller, Catania, David Krech, Leo postman, Ernest Hilgar, undated 15 Series IV: Manuscript Draft and other writings 15 Subseries A: Manuscript Draft: The Subjective Side of Science: A Philosophical Enquiry into the Psychology of the Apollo Moon Scientists 1517 Chapter 1: Introduction: The Moon is a Social Science Problem, undated 1518 Chapter II: Methodology: A Prelude to the Apollo II Interviews, undated 1519 Chapter III: Scientist is a Human Activity: the Scientists Speak for Themselves, undated 1520 Chapter IV: The Ideal Scientist, undated 1521 Chapter V: A Behavioral View of the Moon, undated 1522 Chapter VI: Science's Moon, undated 15 Subseries B: Articles 1523 "Norms and Counter-Norms in a Select Group of the Apollo Moon Scientists: A Case Study of the Ambivalence of Scientists" by Ian I. Mitroff, undated 1524 "Why Did We Go to the Moon? A Report of a Study into the Psychology of the Apollo Moon Scientists", undated Series V: Interview recordings NOTE: The cassette tapes have two lists of tape numbers. The tape numbers in parentheses is the original numbering by Mitroff for his tapes, which are the numbers that correspond with the transcribed interviews. The tape number in the left column is the numerical order of the tapes in the boxes, which was assigned during the remastering of the tapes., undated 161 Hapke, Bruce (1), November 25, 1969 162 Kohman, Truman (2), November 25, 1969 162 Hapke, Bruce (2), November 25, 1969 163 Urey, Harold (3), December 1, 1969 164 Arnold, James (4), December 1, 1969 164 Urey, Harold (4), December 1, 1969 165 Chapman, Dean (4A), December 1, 1969 166 Urey, Harold (4B), December 1, 1969 166 Arnold, James (4A), December 1, 1969 167 Kaula, William, December 2, 1969 167 Arnold, James, December 2, 1969 168 Kaula, William (6), December 2, 1969 169 Urey, Harold (7), December 3, 1969 1610 Urey, Harold (7A), December 1, 1969 1611 Arnold, James (7B), December 1, 1969 1612 Gault, Donald (8A), December 3, 1969 1612 Chapman, Dean (8B), December 3, 1969 1613 Gault, Donald (9), December 3, 1969 1614 Anders, Edward (10), December 9, 1969 1615 Anders, Edward (11), December 9, 1969 1616 Turkevich, Anthony (12), December 9, 1969 1617 O'Keefe, John (13), December 9, 1969 1618 O'Keefe, John (14), December 9, 1969 1619 Gold, Tom (15), December 15, 1969 1620 Gold, Tom (16A), December 15, 1969 1621 Gold, Tom (16), December 15, 1969 1622 Wise, Don (17), December 16, 1969 1623 Wise, Don (18), December 16, 1969 1624 Wise, Don (19), December 16, 1969 1625 Brett, Robin (20), January 3, 1970 1626 Brett, Robin (21), January 3, 1970 1627 Taylor, Ross (22), January 4, 1970 1628 Taylor, Ross (23), January 4, 1970 1629 Taylor, Ross (24A), January 4, 1970 1629 Grossman, Jack (24B), January 4, 1970 1630 Taylor, Ross (25), January 5, 1970 1630 Grossman, Jack (25), January 5, 1970 1630 Apollo 11 Conference (25), January 5, 1970 1631 Alfven, Hans; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (26), January 6, 1970 1632 Gold, Tom (27), January 7, 1970 1632 Runcorn (27), January 7, 1970 1632 Fischer, Robert (27), January 12, 1970 1633 Fischer, Robert (28), January 12, 1970 1634 Fischer, Robert (29), January 12, 1970 1735 Pitt Geol. Seminar (30), January 14, 1970 1736 Pitt Geol. Seminar (31), January 14, 1970 1736 O'Keefe, John (31), January 14, 1970 1737 O'Keefe, John (32), January 15, 1970 1737 Walter, Louis (32), January 15, 1970 1738 Walter, Louis (33), January 15, 1970 1739 Schnetzler, Charles (34), January 15, 1970 1740 Schnetzler, Charles (35), January 15, 1970 1741 Schnetzler, Charles (36), January 15, 1970 1742 Chao, Edward (37), January 16, 1970 1743 Chao, Edward (38), January 16, 1970 1743 Mason, Brian (38), January 16, 1970 1744 Jastrow, Robert (39), January 17, 1970 1744 Mason, Brian (39), January 16, 1970 1745 Gast, Paul (40), January 27, 1970 1746 Jastrow, Robert (40), January 17, 1970 1747 Gast, Paul (41), January 27, 1970 1748 Frondel, Clifford (42), January 28, 1970 1748 Faul, Henry (43), January 29, 1970 1749 Masursky, Harold (43), February 2, 1970 1749 Faul, Henry (44), January 28, 1970 1750 Frondel, Clifford (44), January 28, 1970 1751 Masursky, Harold (45), February 2, 1970 1751 Green, Jack (46), February 2, 1970 1752 Masursky, Harold (46), February 3, 1970 1752 Wasserberg, Gerald (47), February 3, 1970 1753 Green, Jack (47), February 3, 1970 1754 Wasserberg, Gerald (48), February 3, 1970 1755 Chapman, Dean (49), February 5, 1970 1755 Lind, Donald (50), February 25, 1970 1756 Brett, Robin (50), February 25, 1970 1757 Lind, Donald (51), February 25, 1970 1758 Anderson, Don (52), February 26, 1970 1758 Wilmarth, Dick (53), February 26, 1970 1759 Anderson, Don (53), February 26, 1970 1759 King, Elbert (54), February 27, 1970 1760 Wilmarth, Dick (54), February 26, 1970 1761 King, Elbert (55), February 27, 1970 1761 Becker, Ralph (56), February 27, 1970 1762 King, Elbert (56), February 27, 1970 1763 Becker, Ralph (57), February 27, 1970 1764 Cohen, Alvin (58), March 16, 1970 1764 Cohen, Alvin (59), March 16, 1970 1765 Hapke, Bruce (59), March 25, 1970 1765 Singer, Fred (60), April 19, 1970 1766 Hapke, Bruce (60), March 25, 1970 1767 Singer, Fred (61), April 19, 1970 1767 Wetherwill, George (62), April 20, 1970 1768 Kaula, William (62), April 19, 1970 1769 Wetherwill, George (63), April 20, 1970 1769 Urey, Harold (64), April 21, 1970 1870 Wetherwill, George (64), April 20, 1970 1870 Anderson, Orson (65), April 21, 1970 1871 Wasserberg, Gerald (65), April 21, 1970 1872 Glass, Billy (66), April 21, 1970 1872 Anderson, Orson (67), April 21, 1970 1873 Glass, Billy (67), April 21, 1970 1874 Cameron, A.G.W. (68), April 22, 1970 1874 Cameron, A.G.W. (69), April 22, 1970 1874 Walker/AGU talk, April 22, 1970 1874 Silver, Lee (69), April 22, 1970 1875 Dietz, Robert (69), April 22, 1970 1876 Dietz, Robert (70), April 22, 1970 1876 Dietz, Robert (71), April 22, 1970 1876 Ringwood, Ted (71), April 23, 1970 1877 King, Elbert (71), April 22, 1970 1877 Ringwood, Ted (72), April 23, 1970 1878 King, Elbert (72), April 23, 1970 1878 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Meeting (73), April 24, 1970 1879 King, Elbert (73), April 23, 1970 1879 Singer, Fred / American Geophysical Union (AGU) Meeting (74), April 23, 1970 1879 Cameron, A.G.W. / American Geophysical Union (AGU) Meeting (74), April 23, 1970 1880 O'Keefe, John / American Geophysical Union (AGU) Meeting (74), April 23, 1970 1881 Cassidy, William (75), May 15, 1970 1882 Cassidy, William (76), May 15, 1970 1882 Cassidy, William (77), May 15, 1970 1883 Opik, Ernst (77), May 22, 1970 1884 Opik, Ernst (78), May 22, 1970 1885 Opik, Ernst (79), May 22, 1970 1885 Kohman, Truman/Seminar (80), June 22, 1970 1885 Kohman, Truman (80), June 22, 1970 1885 Cassidy, William (80), June 22, 1970 1885 Cassidy, William/Seminar (80), June 22, 1970 1886 Fuller, Mike/Seminar (80), June 22, 1970 1886 Kohman, Truman/Seminar (81), June 22, 1970 1886 Cohen, Alvin/Seminar (81), June 22, 1970 1887 Runcorn/Gulf Seminar (82), June 23, 1970 1888 Cassidy, William (83), July 15, 1970 1889 Cassidy, William (84), July 15, 1970 1889 Hapke, Bruce (84), July 15, 1970 1890 Masursky, Harold (85), July 18, 1970 1891 Green, Jack (86), July 19, 1970 1892 Green, Jack (87), July 19, 1970 1893 Green, Jack (88), July 19, 1970 1894 Urey, Harold (89), July 20, 1970 1894 Green, Jack (89), July 19, 1970 1895 Urey, Harold (90), July 20, 1970 1895 Arnold, James (90), July 20, 1970 1896 Arnold, James (91), July 20, 1970 1897 Grossman, Jack (92), July 21, 1970 1897 Arnold, James (92), July 20, 1970 1898 Grossman, Jack (93), July 21, 1970 1898 Kaula, William (93), July 22, 1970 1899 Kaula, William (94), July 22, 1970 1899 Wetherwill, George (94), July 22, 1970 18100 Wetherwill, George (95), July 22, 1970 18100 Wasserburg, Gerald (95), July 23, 1970 18101 Chapman, Dean (96), July 24, 1970 18101 Wasserburg, Gerald (96), July 23, 1970 18102 Gault, Donald (97), July 24, 1970 18102 Chapman, Dean (97), July 24, 1970 18103 Kohman, Truman (98), August 21, 1970 18103 Gault, Donald (98), July 24, 1970 18104 Cohen, Alvin (99), August 21, 1970 18105 Cohen, Alvin (100), August 21, 1970 18105 Hapke, Bruce (100), October 22, 1970 18106 Fuller, Mike (101), September 25, 1970 18107 Fuller, Mike (102), September 25, 1970 19108 Fuller, Mike (103), October 2, 1970 19109 Gold, Tom (104), October 7, 1970 19110 Gold, Tom (105), October 7, 1970 19111 Gold, Tom (106), October 7, 1970 19111 O'Leary, Brian (106), October 7, 1970 19112 O'Leary, Brian (107), October 7, 1970 19113 Wise, Don (108), October 8, 1970 19114 Wise, Don (109), October 8, 1970 19115 Fisher, Robert /Pittsburgh Conference (110), November 3, 1970 19115 Hapke, Bruce / Pittsburgh Conference (110), November 3, 1970 19115 Fuller, Mike / Pittsburgh Conference (110), November 3, 1970 19115 Kohman, Truman / Pittsburgh Conference (110), November 3, 1970 19116 Cassidy, William (111), November 13, 1970 19116 Cohen, Alvin (111), November 3, 1970 19117 Fischer, Robert (112), November 13, 1970 19118 O'Keefe, John (113), November 18, 1970 19188 Fischer, Robert (113), November 13, 1970 19119 O'Keefe, John (114), November 18, 1970 19120 Walter, Louis (115), November 18, 1970 19121 Walter, Louis (116), November 18, 1970 19121 Schnetzler, Charles (116), November 18, 1970 19122 Schnetzler, Charles (117), November 18, 1970 19123 Singer, Fred (118), November 19, 1970 19123 Mason, Brian (118), November 19, 1970 19124 Short, Nicholas (119), November 20, 1970 19124 Mason, Brian (119), November 19, 1970 19125 Short, Nicholas (120), November 20, 1970 19126 Short, Nicholas (121), November 20, 1970 19127 Anders, Edward (122), December 16, 1970 19127 Short, Nicholas (122), November 20, 1970 19128 Anders, Edward (123), December 16, 1970 19129 Chao, Edward (124), December 24, 1970 19129 Anders, Edward (124), December 16, 1970 19130 Chao, Edward (125), December 24, 1970 19131 Lind, Donald (126), January 8, 1971 19132 Schmitt, Jack (127), January 8, 1971 19132 Anderson, Don (127), January 8, 1971 19133 Anderson, Don (128), January 8, 1971 19134 Brett, Robin (129), January 9, 1971 19135 Brett, Robin (130), January 9, 1971 19135 Taylor, Ross (130), January 9, 1971 19136 King, Elbert (131), January 9, 1971 19136 Taylor, Ross (131), January 9, 1971 19137 Cohen, Alvin (132), January 11, 1971 19137 King, Elbert (132), January 9, 1971 19137 Glass, Billy (132), January 10, 1971 19138 Brett, Robin (133), January 9, 1971 19138 Shoemaker, Eugene (133), January 12, 1971 19138 Urey, Harold (133), January 11, 1971 19139 Shoemaker, Eugene (134), January 12, 1971 19140 Lunar Science Conference (135), January 13, 1971 19141 Cameron, A.G.W. (136), February 2, 1971 20142 Frondel, Clifford (137), February 9, 1971 20142 Cameron, A.G.W. (137), February 2, 1971 20143 Frondel, Clifford (138), February 9, 1971 20144 Wood, John (139), February 10, 1971 20144 Frondel, Clifford (139), February 9, 1971 20145 Wood, John (140), February 10, 1971 20146 Wood, John (141), February 10, 1971 20146 Marvin, Ursula (141), February 10, 1971 20147 Marvin, Ursula (142), February 10, 1971 20148 Jastrow, Robert (143), February 17, 1971 20148 Press, Frank (143), February 11, 1971 20149 Gast, Paul (144), March 2, 1971 20149 Jastrow, Robert (144), February 17, 1971 20150 Gast, Paul (145), March 2, 1971 20151 Warner, Jeff (146A), March 2, 1971 20151 Dietz, Robert (146A), March 12, 1971 20152 Dietz, Robert (146B), March 12, 1971 20153 Dietz, Robert (146/2), March 12, 1971 20154 Ringwood, Ted (147), March 13, 1971 20155 Cassidy, William (148), March 16, 1971 20155 Ringwood, Ted (148), March 13, 1971 20156 Cassidy, William (149), March 16, 1971 20157 Hapke, Bruce (150), March 17, 1971 20158 Cassidy, William (151), March 23, 1971 20158 Hapke, Bruce (151), March 17, 1971 20159 Fuller, Mike (152), March 24, 1971 20160 Fuller, Mike (153), March 24, 1971 20161 Kohman, Truman (154), March 30, 1971 20162 Kohman, Truman (155), March 30, 1971 20162 Fisher, Robert (155), April 1, 1971 20163 Cohen, Alvin (156), April 20, 1971 20164 Masursky, Harold (157), April 30, 1971 20164 Cohen, Alvin (157), April 20, 1971 20165 Masursky, Harold (158), April 30, 1971 20166 Masursky, Harold (159), April 30, 1971 20166 Grossman, Jack (159), May 1, 1971 20167 Grossman, Jack (160), May 1, 1971 20168 Grossman, Jack (161), May 1, 1971 20168 Kaula, William (161), May 2, 1971 20169 Kaula, William (162), May 2, 1971 20170 Kaula, William (163), May 2, 1971 20170 Green, Jack (163), May 2, 1971 20171 Green, Jack (164), May 2, 1971 20172 Wetherwill, George (165), May 3, 1971 20173 Wasserberg, Gerald (166), May 4, 1971 20173 Wetherwill, George (166), May 3, 1971 20174 Wasserberg, Gerald (167), May 4, 1971 20174 Chapman, Dean (167), May 5, 1971 20175 Chapman, Dean (168), May 5, 1971 21176 Arnold, James (169), May 6, 1971 21177 Arnold, James (170), May 6, 1971 21177 Gault, Donald (170), May 7, 1971 21178 Urey, Harold (171), May 7, 1971 21179 Urey, Harold (172), May 7, 1971 21180 Opik, Ernst (173), May 14, 1971 21181 Gold, Tom (174), May 25, 1971 21181 Opik, Ernst (174), May 14, 1971 21182 Gold, Tom (175), May 25, 1971 21183 Wise, Don (176), May 26, 1971 21183 Gold, Tom (176), May 25, 1971 21184 Wise, Don (177), May 26, 1971 21185 Singer, Fred (178), June 8, 1971 21185 Wise, Don (178), May 26, 1971 21186 Short, Nicholas (179), June 8, 1971 21187 O'Keefe, John (180), June 9, 1971 21188 Walter, Louis (181), June 9, 1971 21188 O'Keefe, John (181), June 9, 1971 21189 Schnetzler, Charles (182), June 9, 1971 21190 Brett, Robin (183), June 22, 1971 21190 Schnetzler, Charles (183), June 9, 1971 21191 Brett, Robin (184), June 22, 1971 21192 Anderson, Don (185), June 22, 1971 21193 Warner, Jeff (186), June 23, 1971 21194 Lind, Donald (187), June 23, 1971 21195 Lind, Donald (188), June 23, 1971 21195 Frondel, Clifford (188), June 29, 1971 21196 Wood, John (189), June 30, 1971 21196 Frondel, Clifford (189), June 29, 1971 21197 Wood, John (190), June 30, 1971 21197 Marvin, Ursula (190), June 30, 1971 21198 Marvin, Ursula (191), June 30, 1971 21198 Anders, Edward (191), July 7, 1971 21199 Chao, Edward (192), July 13, 1971 21199 Anders, Edward (192), July 7, 1971 21200 Chao, Edward (193), July 13, 1971 21201 King, Elbert (194), July 15, 1971 21202 King, Elbert (195), July 15, 1971 21203 Gast, Paul (196), July 15, 1971 21204 Gast, Paul (197), July 15, 1971 21205 Glass, Billy (198), July 28, 1971 21206 Cameron, A.G.W. (199), August 10, 1971 21207 Cameron, A.G.W. (200), August 10, 1971 21208 Glass, Billy (201), July 28, 1971 or August 28, 1971 21209 Mason, Brian (202), September 9, 1971 21209 Jastrow, Robert (202), September 3, 1971 22210 Deese, James (203), September 17, 1971 22210 Cofer, Charles (203), September 21, 1971 22211 Cofer, Charles (204), September 21, 1971 22211 Solomon, Richard L. (204), September 28, 1971 22212 Solomon, Richard L. (205), September 28, 1971 22212 Miller, George (205), September 29, 1971 22213 Miller, George (206), September 29, 1971 22214 Miller, Neal (207), September 29, 1971 22215 Catania, Charles (208), October 15, 1971 22216 Krech, David (209), October 26, 1971 22216 Catania, Charles (209), October 15, 1971 22217 Postman, Leo (210), October 26, 1971 22218 Hilgard, Ernest (211), October 27, 1971 22219 O'Leary, Bruce (212), October 27, 1971 22220 O'Leary, Bruce (213), October 27, 1971 22221 O'Leary, Bruce (214), October 27, 1971 22222 Shoemaker, Eugene (215), October 28, 1971 22223 Shoemaker, Eugene (216), October 28, 1971 22224 Cohen, Alvin (217), November 17, 1971 22225 Kaula, William (218), December 14, 1971 22226 Kaula, William (219), December 14, 1971 22227 Wood, John / American Astronautical Society Moon Symposium (220), December 28, 1971 22227 O'Keefe, John/ American Astronautical Society Moon Symposium (220), December 28, 1971 22228 O'Keefe, John/ American Astronautical Society Moon Symposium (221), December 28, 1971 22228 Runcorn/ American Astronautical Society Moon Symposium (221), December 28, 1971 22228 Singer, Fred / American Astronautical Society Moon Symposium (221), December 28, 1971 22229 Taylor, Ross (222), January 9, 1972 22230 Taylor, Ross (223), January 9, 1972 22230 Ringwood, Ted (223), January 9, 1972 22231 Gault, Donald (224), January 10, 1972 22231 Ringwood, Ted (224), January 9, 1972 22232 Gault, Donald (225), January 10, 1972 22233 Fuller, Mike (226), January 21, 1972 22234 Cohen, Alvin (227), January 25, 1972 22234 Fuller, Mike (227), January 21, 1972 22235 Cohen, Alvin (228), January 25, 1972 22236 Kohman, Truman (229), January 27, 1972 22236 Cohen, Alvin (229), January 25, 1972 22237 Cassidy, William (230), January 27, 1972 22237 Kohman, Truman (230), January 27, 1972 22238 Fisher, Robert (231), January 28, 1972 22238 Cassidy, William (231), January 27, 1972 22239 Hapke, Bruce (232), February 2, 1972 22240 Grossman, Jack (233), February 13, 1972 22241 Green, Jack (234), February 13, 1972 22242 Green, Jack (235), February 13, 1972 22242 Urey, Harold (235), February 14, 1972 22243 Urey, Harold (236), February 14, 1972 23244 Arnold, James (237), February 14, 1972 23245 Arnold, James (238), February 14, 1972 23245 Wetherwill, George (238), February 15, 1972 23246 Masursky, Harold (239), February 15, 1972 23247 Wasserburg, Gerald (240), February 16, 1972 23248 Shoemaker, Eugene (241), February 16, 1972 23248 Wasserburg, Gerald (241), February 16, 1972 23249 Shoemaker, Eugene (242), February 16, 1972 23249 Chapman, Dean (242), February 17, 1972 23250 Chapman, Dean (243), February 17, 1972 23250 O'Leary, Brian (243), February 17, 1972 23251 O'Leary, Brian (244), February 17, 1972 23252 Warner, Jeff (245), March 1, 1972 23253 Brett, Robin (246), March 1, 1972 23254 Brett, Robin (247), March 1, 1972 23254 Gast, Paul (247), March 1, 1972 23255 Gast, Paul (248), March 1, 1972 23255 Anderson, Don (248), March 2, 1972 23256 King, Elbert (249), March 2, 1972 23257 Dietz, Robert (250), March 8, 1972 23258 Dietz, Robert (251), March 8, 1972 23258 O'Keefe, John (251), March 22, 1972 23259 Walter, Louis (252), March 22, 1972 23260 Short, Nicholas (253), March 22, 1972 23261 Chao, Edward (254), April 6, 1972 23261 Singer, Fred (254), April 6, 1972 23262 Mason, Brian (255), April 6, 1972 23262 Chao, Edward (255), April 6, 1972 23262 Opik, Ernst (255), April 6, 1972 23263 Opik, Ernst (256), April 6, 1972 23264 Wise, Don (257), April 26, 1972 23265 Wise, Don (258), April 26, 1972 23265 Wood, John (258), April 27, 1972 23266 Marvin, Ursula (259), April 27, 1972 23267 Frondel, Clifford (260), April 27, 1972 23268 Cameron, A.G.W. (261), May 8, 1972 23268 Jastrow, Robert (261), May 4, 1972 23269 Anders, Edward (262), June 13, 1972 23269 Cameron, A.G.W. (262), May 8, 1972 23270 Gold, Tom (263), July 5, 1972 23270 Anders, Edward (263), June 13, 1972 23271 Gold, Tom (264), July 5, 1972