40.	Electromagnetism, optics, acoustics, heat transfer, classical mechanics, and fluid dynamics
41.	Electromagnetism; electron and ion optics
41.20.-q	Applied classical electromagnetism
41.20.Cv	Electrostatics; Poisson and Laplace equations, boundary-value problems
41.20.Gz	Magnetostatics; magnetic shielding, magnetic induction, boundary-value problems
41.20.Jb	Electromagnetic wave propagation; radiowave propagation
41.50.+h	X-ray beams and X-ray optics
41.60.-m	Radiation by moving charges
41.60.Ap	Synchrotron radiation
41.60.Bq	Cherenkov radiation
41.60.Cr	Free-electron lasers
41.75.-i	Charged-particle beams
41.75.Ak	Positive-ion beams
41.75.Cn	Negative-ion beams
41.75.Fr	Electron and positron beams
41.75.Ht	Relativistic electron and positron beams
41.75.Jv	Laser-driven acceleration of charged-particle beams
41.75.Lx	Other advanced accelerator concepts (charged-particle beams)
41.85.-p	Beam optics
41.85.Ar	Beam extraction, beam injection
41.85.Ct	Beam shaping, beam splitting
41.85.Ew	Beam profile, beam intensity
41.85.Gy	Chromatic and geometrical aberrations (beam optics)
41.85.Ja	Beam transport
41.85.Lc	Beam focusing and bending magnets, wiggler magnets, and quadrupoles
41.85.Ne	Electrostatic lenses, septa
41.85.Qg	Beam analyzers, beam monitors, and Faraday cups
41.85.Si	Beam collimators, monochromators
41.90.+e	Other topics in electromagnetism; electron and ion optics (restricted to new topics in section 41)
42.	Optics
42.15.-i	Geometrical optics
42.15.Dp	Optical wave fronts and ray tracing
42.15.Eq	Optical system design
42.15.Fr	Optical aberrations
42.25.-p	Wave optics
42.25.Bs	Optical wave propagation, transmission and absorption
42.25.Dd	Wave propagation in random media (wave optics)
42.25.Fx	Optical diffraction and scattering
42.25.Gy	Edge and boundary effects; optical reflection and refraction
42.25.Hz	Optical interference
42.25.Ja	Optical polarization
42.25.Kb	Optical coherence
42.25.Lc	Birefringence (wave optics)
42.30.-d	Imaging and optical processing
42.30.Kq	Fourier optics
42.30.Lr	Modulation and optical transfer functions
42.30.Ms	Speckle and moire patterns
42.30.Rx	Phase retrieval
42.30.Sy	Pattern recognition
42.30.Tz	Computer vision; robotic vision
42.30.Va	Image forming and processing
42.30.Wb	Image reconstruction; tomography
42.40.-i	Holography
42.40.Eq	Holographic optical elements; holographic gratings
42.40.Ht	Hologram recording and read-out methods
42.40.Jv	Computer-generated holograms
42.40.Kw	Holographic interferometry; other holographic techniques
42.40.Lx	Diffraction efficiency, resolution, and other hologram characteristics
42.40.My	Applications of holography
42.40.Pa	Volume holograms
42.50.-p	Quantum optics
42.50.Ar	Photon statistics and coherence theory
42.50.Ct	Quantum description of interaction of light and matter; related experiments
42.50.Dv	Nonclassical states of the electromagnetic field, including entangled photon states; quantum state engineering and measurements
42.50.Fx	Cooperative phenomena in quantum optical systems
42.50.Gy	Effects of atomic coherence on propagation, absorption, and amplification of light; electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption
42.50.Hz	Strong-field excitation of optical transitions in quantum systems; multiphoton processes; dynamic Stark shift
42.50.Lc	Quantum fluctuations, quantum noise, and quantum jumps (quantum optics)
42.50.Md	Optical transient phenomena including quantum beats, photon echo, free-induction decay, dephasings and revivals, optical nutation, and self-induced transparency
42.50.Nn	Quantum optical phenomena in absorbing, dispersive and conducting media
42.50.Pq	Cavity quantum electrodynamics; micromasers
42.50.St	Nonclassical interferometry, subwavelength lithography
42.50.Vk	Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, electrons, and ions
42.50.Xa	Optical tests of quantum theory
42.55.-f	Lasers
42.55.Ah	General laser theory
42.55.Ks	Chemical lasers
42.55.Lt	Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers
42.55.Mv	Dye lasers
42.55.Px	Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.55.Rz	Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
42.55.Sa	Microcavity and microdisk lasers
42.55.Tv	Photonic crystal lasers and coherent effects
42.55.Vc	X- and gamma-ray lasers
42.55.Wd	Fiber lasers
42.55.Xi	Diode-pumped lasers
42.55.Ye	Raman lasers
42.55.Zz	Random lasers
42.60.-v	Laser optical systems: design and operation
42.60.By	Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da	Laser resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.60.Fc	Laser beam modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.60.Gd	Q-switching
42.60.Jf	Laser beam characteristics including profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation
42.60.Lh	Laser efficiency, stability, gain, and other operational parameters
42.60.Mi	Dynamical laser instabilities; noisy laser behavior
42.60.Pk	Continuous operation of lasers
42.60.Rn	Relaxation oscillations and long pulse operation of lasers
42.62.-b	Laser applications
42.62.Be	Biological and medical applications of lasers
42.62.Cf	Industrial applications of lasers
42.62.Eh	Metrological applications of lasers; optical frequency synthesizers for precision spectroscopy
42.62.Fi	Laser spectroscopy
42.65.-k	Nonlinear optics
42.65.An	Nonlinear optical susceptibility, hyperpolarizability
42.65.Dr	Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS
42.65.Es	Stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering
42.65.Hw	Optical phase conjugation; photorefractive and Kerr effects
42.65.Jx	Optical beam trapping, optical self-focusing and defocusing; self-phase modulation
42.65.Ky	Optical frequency conversion; optical harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
42.65.Lm	Optical parametric down conversion and production of entangled photons
42.65.Pc	Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects
42.65.Re	Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression
42.65.Sf	Dynamics of nonlinear optical systems including optical instabilities, optical chaos and complexity, and optical spatio-temporal dynamics
42.65.Tg	Optical solitons; nonlinear guided waves
42.65.Wi	Nonlinear optical waveguides
42.65.Yj	Optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers
42.66.-p	Physiological optics
42.66.Ct	Anatomy and optics of eye
42.66.Ew	Physiology of eye; optic-nerve structure and function
42.66.Lc	Vision: light detection, adaptation, and discrimination
42.66.Ne	Color vision: color detection, adaptation, and discrimination
42.66.Qg	Scales for light and color detection
42.66.Si	Psychophysics of vision, visual perception; binocular vision
42.68.-w	Atmospheric and ocean optics
42.68.Ay	Atmospheric optical propagation, transmission, attenuation, and radiative transfer
42.68.Bz	Turbulence effects on atmospheric optics
42.68.Ca	Spectral absorption by atmospheric gases
42.68.Ge	Effects of clouds and water; ice crystal phenomena in atmospheric optics
42.68.Jg	Effects of aerosols on atmospheric optics
42.68.Kh	Effects of air pollution on atmospheric optics
42.68.Mj	Atmospheric optical scattering, polarization
42.68.Sq	Atmospheric optical image transmission and formation
42.68.Wt	Remote sensing; LIDAR and adaptive systems (atmospheric optics)
42.68.Xy	Ocean optics
42.70.-a	Optical materials
42.70.Ce	Optical glasses, quartz
42.70.Df	Liquid crystals (optical materials)
42.70.Gi	Light-sensitive materials
42.70.Hj	Laser materials
42.70.Jk	Optical polymers and other organic optical materials
42.70.Km	Infrared transmitting materials
42.70.Ln	Holographic recording materials; optical storage media
42.70.Mp	Nonlinear optical crystals
42.70.Nq	Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials
42.70.Qs	Photonic bandgap materials
42.72.-g	Optical sources and standards
42.72.Ai	Infrared sources
42.72.Bj	Visible and ultraviolet sources
42.79.-e	Optical elements, devices, and systems
42.79.Ag	Optical apertures, collimators
42.79.Bh	Optical lenses, prisms and mirrors
42.79.Ci	Optical filters, zone plates, and polarizers including spatial filters
42.79.Dj	Gratings
42.79.Ek	Solar collectors and concentrators
42.79.Fm	Optical reflectors, beam splitters, and deflectors
42.79.Gn	Optical waveguides and couplers
42.79.Hp	Optical processors, correlators, and modulators
42.79.Jq	Acousto-optical devices
42.79.Kr	Display devices, liquid-crystal devices
42.79.Ls	Optical scanners, image intensifiers, and image converters
42.79.Mt	Schlieren devices
42.79.Nv	Optical frequency converters
42.79.Pw	Imaging detectors and sensors
42.79.Qx	Optical range finders, remote sensing devices including laser Doppler velocimeters, SAR, and LIDAR
42.79.Ry	Gradient-index (GRIN) devices
42.79.Sz	Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers
42.79.Ta	Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural networks
42.79.Vb	Optical storage systems, optical disks
42.79.Wc	Optical coatings
42.81.-i	Fiber optics
42.81.Bm	Optical fiber fabrication, cladding, and splicing
42.81.Cn	Optical fiber testing and measurement of fiber parameters
42.81.Dp	Optical propagation, scattering, and losses in fibers; solitons
42.81.Gs	Optical fiber birefringence, polarization
42.81.Ht	Gradient-index (GRIN) fiber devices
42.81.Pa	Fiber optic sensors, fiber gyros
42.81.Qb	Fiber waveguides, couplers, and arrays
42.81.Uv	Fiber optic networks
42.81.Wg	Other fiber-optical devices
42.82.-m	Integrated optics
42.82.Bq	Design and performance testing of integrated-optical systems
42.82.Cr	Optical fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer (integrated optics)
42.82.Ds	Optical interconnects (integrated optics) including holographic interconnects
42.82.Et	Optical waveguides, couplers, and arrays (integrated optics)
42.82.Fv	Optical hybrid systems (integrated optics)
42.82.Gw	Other integrated-optical elements and systems
42.86.+b	Optical workshop techniques
42.87.-d	Optical testing techniques
42.87.Bg	Optical phase shifting interferometry
42.88.+h	Environmental and radiation effects on optical elements, devices, and systems
42.90.+m	Other topics in optics (restricted to new topics in section 42)
43.	ACOUSTICS
43.20.+g	General linear acoustics
43.25.+y	Nonlinear acoustics
43.28.+h	Aeroacoustics and atmospheric sound
43.30.+m	Underwater sound
43.35.+d	Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound
43.38.+n	Transduction; acoustical devices for the generation and reproduction of sound
43.40.+s	Structural acoustics and vibration
43.50.+y	Acoustic noise: its effects and control
43.55.+p	Architectural acoustics
43.58.+z	Acoustical measurements and instrumentation
43.60.+d	Acoustic signal processing
43.64.+r	Physiological acoustics
43.66.+y	Psychological acoustics
43.70.+i	Speech production
43.71.+m	Speech perception
43.72.+q	Speech processing and communication systems
43.75.+a	Music and musical instruments
43.80.+p	Bioacoustics
43.90.+v	Other topics in acoustics (restricted to new topics in section 43)
44.	Heat transfer
44.05.+e	Analytical and numerical techniques (heat transfer)
44.10.+i	Heat conduction
44.15.+a	Channel and internal heat flow
44.20.+b	Boundary layer heat flow
44.25.+f	Natural convection
44.27.+g	Forced convection
44.30.+v	Heat flow in porous media
44.35.+c	Heat flow in multiphase systems
44.40.+a	Thermal radiation
44.90.+c	Other topics in heat transfer (restricted to new topics in section 44)
45.	Classical mechanics of discrete systems
45.05.+x	General theory of classical mechanics of discrete systems
45.10.-b	Computational methods in classical mechanics
45.10.Db	Variational and optimization methods (classical mechanics)
45.10.Hj	Perturbation and fractional calculus methods (classical mechanics)
45.10.Na	Geometrical and tensorial methods (classical mechanics)
45.20.-d	Formalisms in classical mechanics
45.20.Dd	Newtonian mechanics
45.20.Jj	Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics
45.30.+s	General linear dynamical systems
45.40.-f	Dynamics and kinematics of rigid bodies
45.40.Cc	Rigid body and gyroscope motion
45.40.Gj	Ballistics (projectiles; rockets)
45.40.Ln	Robotics (dynamics/kinematics)
45.50.-j	Dynamics and kinematics of a particle and a system of particles
45.50.Dd	General motion (particle dynamics/kinematics)
45.50.Jf	Few- and many-body systems (particle dynamics/kinematics)
45.50.Pk	Celestial mechanics
45.50.Tn	Collisions (particle dynamics/kinematics)
45.70.-n	Granular systems
45.70.Cc	Static sandpiles; granular compaction
45.70.Ht	Avalanches (granular systems)
45.70.Mg	Granular flow; mixing, segregation and stratification
45.70.Qj	Pattern formation (granular systems)
45.70.Vn	Granular models of complex systems; traffic flow
45.80.+r	Control of mechanical systems
45.90.+t	Other topics in classical mechanics of discrete systems (restricted to new topics in section 45)
46.	Continuum mechanics of solids
46.05.+b	General theory of continuum mechanics of solids
46.15.-x	Computational methods in continuum mechanics
46.15.Cc	Variational and optimizational methods (continuum mechanics)
46.15.Ff	Perturbation and complex analysis methods (continuum mechanics)
46.25.-y	Static elasticity
46.25.Cc	Theoretical studies (static elasticity)
46.25.Hf	Thermoelasticity and electromagnetic elasticity including electroelasticity, magnetoelasticity
46.32.+x	Static buckling and instability
46.35.+z	Viscoelasticity, plasticity, viscoplasticity
46.40.-f	Vibrations and mechanical waves
46.40.Cd	Mechanical wave propagation including diffraction, scattering, and dispersion
46.40.Ff	Resonance, damping and dynamic stability
46.40.Jj	Aeroelasticity and hydroelasticity
46.50.+a	Fracture mechanics, fatigue and cracks
46.55.+d	Tribology and mechanical contacts
46.65.+g	Random phenomena and media (continuum mechanics)
46.70.-p	Application of continuum mechanics to structures
46.70.De	Beams, plates and shells (continuum mechanics)
46.70.Hg	Membranes, rods and strings (continuum mechanics)
46.70.Lk	Other structures (continuum mechanics)
46.80.+j	Measurement methods and techniques in continuum mechanics of solids
46.90.+s	Other topics in continuum mechanics of solids (restricted to new topics in section 46)
47.	Fluid dynamics
47.10.+g	General theory of fluid dynamics
47.11.+j	Computational methods in fluid dynamics
47.15.-x	Laminar flows
47.15.Cb	Laminar boundary layers
47.15.Fe	Stability of laminar flows
47.15.Gf	Low-Reynolds-number (creeping) flows
47.15.Hg	Potential laminar flows
47.15.Ki	Inviscid laminar flows with vorticity
47.15.Pn	Laminar suspensions
47.15.Rq	Laminar flows in cavities
47.17.+e	Mechanical properties of fluids
47.20.-k	Hydrodynamic stability
47.20.Bp	Buoyancy-driven hydrodynamic instability
47.20.Cq	Inviscid hydrodynamic instability
47.20.Dr	Surface-tension-driven hydrodynamic instability
47.20.Ft	Instability of shear flows
47.20.Gv	Viscous hydrodynamic instability
47.20.Hw	Morphological hydrodynamic instability; phase changes
47.20.Ky	Nonlinearity (including bifurcation theory) (hydrodynamic stability)
47.20.Lz	Secondary hydrodynamic instability
47.20.Ma	Interfacial hydrodynamic instability
47.20.Pc	Receptivity (hydrodynamic stability)
47.27.-i	Turbulent flows, convection, and heat transfer
47.27.Ak	Fundamentals of turbulent flows, convection, and heat transfer
47.27.Cn	Transition to turbulence
47.27.Eq	Turbulence simulation and modeling
47.27.Gs	Isotropic turbulence; homogeneous turbulence
47.27.Jv	High-Reynolds-number turbulence
47.27.Lx	Wall-bounded thin shear flows
47.27.Nz	Boundary layer and shear turbulence
47.27.Pa	Thick shear flows
47.27.Qb	Turbulent diffusion
47.27.Rc	Turbulence control
47.27.Sd	Noise (turbulence generated)
47.27.Te	Convection and heat transfer in fluid dynamics
47.27.Vf	Wakes
47.27.Wg	Jets in fluid dynamics
47.32.-y	Rotational flow and vorticity
47.32.Cc	Vortex dynamics
47.32.Ff	Separated flows
47.35.+i	Hydrodynamic waves
47.37.+q	Hydrodynamic aspects of superfluidity
47.40.-x	Compressible flows; shock and detonation phenomena
47.40.Dc	General subsonic flows
47.40.Hg	Transonic flows
47.40.Ki	Supersonic and hypersonic flows
47.40.Nm	Shock wave interactions and shock effects
47.45.-n	Rarefied gas dynamics
47.45.Dt	Free molecular flows
47.45.Gx	Slip flows
47.45.Nd	Accommodation in fluid dynamics
47.50.+d	Non-Newtonian fluid flows
47.52.+j	Chaos in fluid dynamics
47.53.+n	Fractals in fluid dynamics
47.54.+r	Pattern selection; pattern formation (fluid dynamics)
47.55.-t	Nonhomogeneous flows
47.55.Bx	Cavitation
47.55.Dz	Drops and bubbles
47.55.Hd	Stratified flows
47.55.Kf	Multiphase and particle-laden flows
47.55.Mh	Flows through porous media
47.60.+i	Flows in ducts, channels, nozzles, and conduits
47.62.+q	Flow control
47.65.+a	Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics
47.70.-n	Reactive, radiative, or nonequilibrium flows
47.70.Fw	Chemically reactive flows
47.70.Mc	Radiation gas dynamics
47.70.Nd	Nonequilibrium gas dynamics
47.75.+f	Relativistic fluid dynamics
47.80.+v	Instrumentation for fluid dynamics
47.85.-g	Applied fluid mechanics
47.85.Dh	Hydrodynamics, hydraulics, hydrostatics (applied)
47.85.Gj	Aerodynamics (applied)
47.85.Kn	Hydraulic and pneumatic machinery
47.85.Np	Fluidics (applied)
47.90.+a	Other topics in fluid dynamics (restricted to new topics in section 47)