70.	CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES
71.	Electronic structure of bulk materials (see section 73 for electronic structure of surfaces, interfaces, low-dimensional structures, and nanomaterials; for electronic structure of superconductors, see 74.25.Jb)
71.10.-w	Theories and models of many-electron systems
71.10.Ay	Fermi-liquid theory and other phenomenological models
71.10.Ca	Electron gas, Fermi gas
71.10.Fd	Lattice fermion models (Hubbard model, etc.)
71.10.Hf	Non-Fermi-liquid ground states, electron phase diagrams and phase transitions in model systems
71.10.Li	Excited states and pairing interactions in model systems
71.10.Pm	Fermions in reduced dimensions (anyons, composite fermions, Luttinger liquid, etc.) (for anyon mechanism in superconductors, see 74.20.Mn)
71.15.-m	Methods of electronic structure calculations (see also 31.15.−p Calculations and mathematical techniques in atomic and molecular physics)
71.15.Ap	Basis sets (LCAO, plane-wave, APW, etc.) and related methodology (scattering methods, ASA, linearized methods, etc.)
71.15.Dx	Computational methodology (Brillouin zone sampling, iterative diagonalization, pseudopotential construction)
71.15.Mb	Density functional theory, local density approximation, gradient and other corrections
71.15.Nc	Total energy and cohesive energy calculations
71.15.Pd	Molecular dynamics calculations (Car–Parrinello) and other numerical simulations
71.15.Qe	Excited states: methodology (see also 71.10.Li Excited states and pairing interactions in model systems)
71.15.Rf	Relativistic effects [see also 31.30.J− Relativistic and quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects in atoms, molecules, and ions]
71.18.+y	Fermi surface: calculations and measurements; effective mass, g factor
71.20.-b	Electron density of states and band structure of crystalline solids
71.20.Be	Transition metals and alloys
71.20.Dg	Alkali and alkaline earth metals
71.20.Eh	Rare earth metals and alloys
71.20.Gj	Other metals and alloys
71.20.Lp	Intermetallic compounds
71.20.Mq	Elemental semiconductors
71.20.Nr	Semiconductor compounds
71.20.Ps	Other inorganic compounds
71.20.Rv	Polymers and organic compounds
71.20.Tx	Fullerenes and related materials; intercalation compounds
... ... ...	Photonic band-gap materials, see 42.70.Qs
71.22.+i	Electronic structure of liquid metals and semiconductors and their alloys
71.23.-k	Electronic structure of disordered solids
71.23.An	Theories and models; localized states
71.23.Cq	Amorphous semiconductors, metallic glasses, glasses
71.23.Ft	Quasicrystals
71.27.+a	Strongly correlated electron systems; heavy fermions
71.28.+d	Narrow-band systems; intermediate-valence solids (for magnetic aspects, see 75.20.Hr and 75.30.Mb in magnetic properties and materials)
71.30.+h	Metal–insulator transitions and other electronic transitions
71.35.-y	Excitons and related phenomena
71.35.Aa	Frenkel excitons and self-trapped excitons
71.35.Cc	Intrinsic properties of excitons; optical absorption spectra
71.35.Ee	Electron-hole drops and electron-hole plasma
71.35.Gg	Exciton-mediated interactions
71.35.Ji	Excitons in magnetic fields; magnetoexcitons
71.35.Lk	Collective effects (Bose effects, phase space filling, and excitonic phase transitions)
71.35.Pq	Charged excitons (trions)
71.36.+c	Polaritons (including photon–phonon and photon–magnon interactions)
71.38.-k	Polarons and electron-phonon interactions (see also 63.20.K− Phonon interactions in lattice dynamics)
71.38.Cn	Mass renormalization in metals
71.38.Fp	Large or Fröhlich polarons
71.38.Ht	Self-trapped or small polarons
71.38.Mx	Bipolarons
71.45.-d	Collective effects
71.45.Gm	Exchange, correlation, dielectric and magnetic response functions, plasmons
71.45.Lr	Charge-density-wave systems (see also 75.30.Fv Spin-density waves)
71.55.-i	Impurity and defect levels
71.55.Ak	Metals, semimetals, and alloys
71.55.Cn	Elemental semiconductors
71.55.Eq	III–V semiconductors
71.55.Gs	II–VI semiconductors
71.55.Ht	Other nonmetals
71.55.Jv	Disordered structures; amorphous and glassy solids
71.60.+z	Positron states (for positron annihilation, see 78.70.Bj)
71.70.-d	Level splitting and interactions (see also 73.20.−r Surface and interface electron states; 75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions)
71.70.Ch	Crystal and ligand fields
71.70.Di	Landau levels
71.70.Ej	Spin–orbit coupling, Zeeman and Stark splitting, Jahn–Teller effect
71.70.Fk	Strain-induced splitting
71.70.Gm	Exchange interactions
71.70.Jp	Nuclear states and interactions
71.90.+q	Other topics in electronic structure (restricted to new topics in section 71)
72.	Electronic transport in condensed matter (for electronic transport in surfaces, interfaces, and thin films, see section 73; for electrical properties related to treatment conditions, see 81.40.Rs; for transport properties of superconductors, see 74.25.Fy; for electrical properties of tissues and organs, see 87.19.R− in biological physics)
72.10.-d	Theory of electronic transport; scattering mechanisms
72.10.Bg	General formulation of transport theory
72.10.Di	Scattering by phonons, magnons, and other nonlocalized excitations (see also 71.45.−d Collective effects in electronic structure of bulk materials)
72.10.Fk	Scattering by point defects, dislocations, surfaces, and other imperfections (including Kondo effect)
72.15.-v	Electronic conduction in metals and alloys
72.15.Cz	Electrical and thermal conduction in amorphous and liquid metals and alloys
72.15.Eb	Electrical and thermal conduction in crystalline metals and alloys
72.15.Gd	Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects (see also 75.47.−m Magnetotransport phenomena; materials for magnetotransport)
72.15.Jf	Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects
72.15.Lh	Relaxation times and mean free paths
72.15.Nj	Collective modes (e.g., in one-dimensional conductors)
72.15.Qm	Scattering mechanisms and Kondo effect (see also 75.20.Hr Local moments in compounds and alloys; Kondo effect, valence fluctuations, heavy fermions in magnetic properties and materials)
72.15.Rn	Localization effects (Anderson or weak localization)
72.20.-i	Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators (see also 66.70.−f Nonelectronic thermal conduction and heat-pulse propagation in solids; thermal waves)
72.20.Dp	General theory, scattering mechanisms
72.20.Ee	Mobility edges; hopping transport
72.20.Fr	Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance
72.20.Ht	High-field and nonlinear effects
72.20.Jv	Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
72.20.My	Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects
72.20.Pa	Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects
72.25.-b	Spin polarized transport (for ballistic magnetoresistance, see 75.47.Jn; for spin polarized transport devices, see 85.75.−d)
72.25.Ba	Spin polarized transport in metals
72.25.Dc	Spin polarized transport in semiconductors
72.25.Fe	Optical creation of spin polarized carriers
72.25.Hg	Electrical injection of spin polarized carriers
72.25.Mk	Spin transport through interfaces
72.25.Pn	Current-driven spin pumping
72.25.Rb	Spin relaxation and scattering
72.30.+q	High-frequency effects; plasma effects
72.40.+w	Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
72.50.+b	Acoustoelectric effects
72.55.+s	Magnetoacoustic effects (see also 75.80.+q Magnetomechanical and magnetoelectric effects, magnetostriction)
72.60.+g	Mixed conductivity and conductivity transitions
72.70.+m	Noise processes and phenomena
72.80.-r	Conductivity of specific materials (for conductivity of metals and alloys, see 72.15.−v)
72.80.Cw	Elemental semiconductors
72.80.Ey	III–V and II–VI semiconductors
72.80.Ga	Transition-metal compounds
72.80.Jc	Other crystalline inorganic semiconductors
72.80.Le	Polymers; organic compounds (including organic semiconductors)
72.80.Ng	Disordered solids
72.80.Ph	Liquid semiconductors
72.80.Rj	Fullerenes and related materials
72.80.Sk	Insulators
72.80.Tm	Composite materials
72.90.+y	Other topics in electronic transport in condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 72)
73.	Electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and low-dimensional structures (for electronic structure and electrical properties of superconducting films and low-dimensional structures, see 74.78.−w; for computational methodology for electronic structure calculations in condensed matter, see 71.15.−m)
73.20.-r	Electron states at surfaces and interfaces
73.20.At	Surface states, band structure, electron density of states
73.20.Fz	Weak or Anderson localization
73.20.Hb	Impurity and defect levels; energy states of adsorbed species
73.20.Jc	Delocalization processes
73.20.Mf	Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations) (for collective excitations in quantum Hall effects, see 73.43.Lp)
73.20.Qt	Electron solids
73.21.-b	Electron states and collective excitations in multilayers, quantum wells, mesoscopic, and nanoscale systems (for electron states in nanoscale materials, see 73.22.−f)
73.21.Ac	Multilayers
73.21.Cd	Superlattices
73.21.Fg	Quantum wells
73.21.Hb	Quantum wires
73.21.La	Quantum dots
73.22.-f	Electronic structure of nanoscale materials: clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and nanocrystals
73.22.Dj	Single particle states
73.22.Gk	Broken symmetry phases
73.22.Lp	Collective excitations
73.23.-b	Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems
73.23.Ad	Ballistic transport (see also 75.47.Jn Ballistic magnetoresistance in magnetic properties and materials)
73.23.Hk	Coulomb blockade; single-electron tunneling
73.23.Ra	Persistent currents
73.25.+i	Surface conductivity and carrier phenomena
73.30.+y	Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions (see also 82.45.Mp Thin layers, films, monolayers, membranes in electrochemistry; see also 87.16.D− Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles in biological physics)
73.40.-c	Electronic transport in interface structures
73.40.Cg	Contact resistance, contact potential
73.40.Ei	Rectification
73.40.Gk	Tunneling (for tunneling in quantum Hall effects, see 73.43.Jn)
73.40.Jn	Metal-to-metal contacts
73.40.Kp	III–V semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, p–n junctions, and heterojunctions
73.40.Lq	Other semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, p–n junctions, and heterojunctions
73.40.Mr	Semiconductor–electrolyte contacts
73.40.Ns	Metal–nonmetal contacts
73.40.Qv	Metal–insulator–semiconductor structures (including semiconductor-to-insulator)
73.40.Rw	Metal–insulator–metal structures
73.40.Sx	Metal–semiconductor–metal structures
73.40.Ty	Semiconductor–insulator–semiconductor structures
73.40.Vz	Semiconductor–metal–semiconductor structures
73.43.-f	Quantum Hall effects
73.43.Cd	Theory and modeling
73.43.Fj	Novel experimental methods; measurements
73.43.Jn	Tunneling
73.43.Lp	Collective excitations
73.43.Nq	Quantum phase transitions (see also 64.70.Tg Quantum phase transitions in equations of state, phase equilibria and phase transitions)
73.43.Qt	Magnetoresistance (see also 75.47.−m Magnetotransport phenomena; materials for magnetotransport in magnetic properties and materials)
... ... ...	Optical properties, see 78.66.−w
73.50.-h	Electronic transport phenomena in thin films (for electronic transport in mesoscopic systems, see 73.23.−b; see also 73.40.−c Electronic transport in interface structures; for electronic transport in nanoscale materials and structures, see 73.63.−b)
73.50.Bk	General theory, scattering mechanisms
73.50.Dn	Low-field transport and mobility; piezoresistance
73.50.Fq	High-field and nonlinear effects
73.50.Gr	Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, trapping, mean free paths
73.50.Jt	Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects (including thermomagnetic effects)
73.50.Lw	Thermoelectric effects
73.50.Mx	High-frequency effects; plasma effects
73.50.Pz	Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
73.50.Rb	Acoustoelectric and magnetoacoustic effects
73.50.Td	Noise processes and phenomena
73.61.-r	Electrical properties of specific thin films (for optical properties of thin films, see 78.20.−e and 78.66.−w; for magnetic properties of thin films, see 75.70.−i)
73.61.At	Metal and metallic alloys
73.61.Cw	Elemental semiconductors
73.61.Ey	III–V semiconductors
73.61.Ga	II–VI semiconductors
73.61.Jc	Amorphous semiconductors; glasses
73.61.Le	Other inorganic semiconductors
73.61.Ng	Insulators
73.61.Ph	Polymers; organic compounds
73.61.Wp	Fullerenes and related materials
73.63.-b	Electronic transport in nanoscale materials and structures (see also 73.23.−b Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems)
73.63.Bd	Nanocrystalline materials
73.63.Fg	Nanotubes
73.63.Hs	Quantum wells
73.63.Kv	Quantum dots
73.63.Nm	Quantum wires
73.63.Rt	Nanoscale contacts
73.90.+f	Other topics in electronic structure and electrical properties of surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and low-dimensional structures (Restricted to new topics in section 73)
74.	Superconductivity (for superconducting devices, see 85.25.−j)
74.10.+v	Occurrence, potential candidates
74.20.-z	Theories and models of superconducting state
74.20.De	Phenomenological theories (two-fluid, Ginzburg–Landau, etc.)
74.20.Fg	BCS theory and its development
74.20.Mn	Nonconventional mechanisms (spin fluctuations, polarons and bipolarons, resonating valence bond model, anyon mechanism, marginal Fermi liquid, Luttinger liquid, etc.)
74.20.Rp	Pairing symmetries (other than s-wave)
74.25.-q	Properties of type I and type II superconductors
74.25.Bt	Thermodynamic properties
74.25.Dw	Superconductivity phase diagrams
74.25.Fy	Transport properties (electric and thermal conductivity, thermoelectric effects, etc.)
74.25.Gz	Optical properties
74.25.Ha	Magnetic properties
74.25.Jb	Electronic structure
74.25.Kc	Phonons
74.25.Ld	Mechanical and acoustical properties, elasticity, and ultrasonic attenuation
74.25.Nf	Response to electromagnetic fields (nuclear magnetic resonance, surface impedance, etc.)
74.25.Op	Mixed states, critical fields, and surface sheaths
74.25.Qt	Vortex lattices, flux pinning, flux creep
74.25.Sv	Critical currents
74.40.+k	Fluctuations (noise, chaos, nonequilibrium superconductivity, localization, etc.)
74.45.+c	Proximity effects; Andreev effect; SN and SNS junctions
74.50.+r	Tunneling phenomena; point contacts, weak links, Josephson effects (for SQUIDs, see 85.25.Dq; for Josephson devices, see 85.25.Cp; for Josephson junction arrays, see 74.81.Fa)
74.62.-c	Transition temperature variations
74.62.Bf	Effects of material synthesis, crystal structure, and chemical composition
74.62.Dh	Effects of crystal defects, doping and substitution
74.62.Fj	Pressure effects
74.62.Yb	Other effects
74.70.-b	Superconducting materials (for cuprates, see 74.72.−h)
74.70.Ad	Metals; alloys and binary compounds (including A15, MgB2, etc.)
74.70.Dd	Ternary, quaternary, and multinary compounds (including Chevrel phases, borocarbides, etc.)
74.70.Kn	Organic superconductors
74.70.Pq	Ruthenates
74.70.Tx	Heavy-fermion superconductors
74.70.Wz	Fullerenes and related materials
74.72.-h	Cuprate superconductors (high-Tc and insulating parent compounds)
74.72.Bk	Y-based cuprates
74.72.Dn	La-based cuprates
74.72.Hs	Bi-based cuprates
74.72.Jt	Other cuprates, including Tl and Hg-based cuprates
74.78.-w	Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
74.78.Bz	High-Tc films
74.78.Db	Low-Tc films
74.78.Fk	Multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures
74.78.Na	Mesoscopic and nanoscale systems
74.81.-g	Inhomogeneous superconductors and superconducting systems
74.81.Bd	Granular, melt-textured, amorphous, and composite superconductors
74.81.Fa	Josephson junction arrays and wire networks
74.90.+n	Other topics in superconductivity (restricted to new topics in section 74)
75.	Magnetic properties and materials (for magnetic properties of quantum solids, see 67.80.dk; for magnetic properties related to treatment conditions, see 81.40.Rs; for magnetic properties of superconductors, see 74.25.Ha; for magnetic properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60.Pn)
75.10.-b	General theory and models of magnetic ordering (see also 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics)
75.10.Dg	Crystal-field theory and spin Hamiltonians
75.10.Hk	Classical spin models
75.10.Jm	Quantized spin models
75.10.Lp	Band and itinerant models
75.10.Nr	Spin-glass and other random models
75.10.Pq	Spin chain models
75.20.-g	Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and superparamagnetism
75.20.Ck	Nonmetals
75.20.En	Metals and alloys
75.20.Hr	Local moment in compounds and alloys; Kondo effect, valence fluctuations, heavy fermions (see also 72.15.Qm Scattering mechanisms and Kondo effect)
75.25.+z	Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials (including neutron and spin-polarized electron studies, synchrotron-source X-ray scattering, etc.) (for devices exploiting spin polarized transport, see 85.75.−d)
75.30.-m	Intrinsic properties of magnetically ordered materials (for critical point effects, see 75.40.−s)
75.30.Cr	Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities
75.30.Ds	Spin waves (for spin-wave resonance, see 76.50.+g)
75.30.Et	Exchange and superexchange interactions (see also 71.70.−d Level splitting and interactions)
75.30.Fv	Spin-density waves
75.30.Gw	Magnetic anisotropy
75.30.Hx	Magnetic impurity interactions
75.30.Kz	Magnetic phase boundaries (including magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
75.30.Mb	Valence fluctuation, Kondo lattice, and heavy-fermion phenomena (see also 71.27.+a Strongly correlated electron systems, heavy fermions)
75.30.Sg	Magnetocaloric effect, magnetic cooling
75.30.Wx	Spin crossover
75.40.-s	Critical-point effects, specific heats, short-range order (see also 65.40.Ba Heat capacity)
75.40.Cx	Static properties (order parameter, static susceptibility, heat capacities, critical exponents, etc.)
75.40.Gb	Dynamic properties (dynamic susceptibility, spin waves, spin diffusion, dynamic scaling, etc.)
75.40.Mg	Numerical simulation studies
75.45.+j	Macroscopic quantum phenomena in magnetic systems
75.47.-m	Magnetotransport phenomena; materials for magnetotransport (for spintronics, see 85.75.−d; see also 72.15.Gd, 73.50.Jt, 73.43.Qt, and 72.25.−b in transport phenomena)
75.47.De	Giant magnetoresistance
75.47.Gk	Colossal magnetoresistance
75.47.Jn	Ballistic magnetoresistance
75.47.Lx	Manganites
75.47.Np	Metals and alloys
75.47.Pq	Other materials
75.50.-y	Studies of specific magnetic materials
75.50.Bb	Fe and its alloys
75.50.Cc	Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys
75.50.Dd	Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
75.50.Ee	Antiferromagnetics
75.50.Gg	Ferrimagnetics
75.50.Kj	Amorphous and quasicrystalline magnetic materials
75.50.Lk	Spin glasses and other random magnets
75.50.Mm	Magnetic liquids
75.50.Pp	Magnetic semiconductors
75.50.Ss	Magnetic recording materials (see also 85.70.−w Magnetic devices)
75.50.Tt	Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
75.50.Vv	High coercivity materials
75.50.Ww	Permanent magnets
75.50.Xx	Molecular magnets
75.60.-d	Domain effects, magnetization curves, and hysteresis
75.60.Ch	Domain walls and domain structure (for magnetic bubbles, see 75.70.Kw)
75.60.Ej	Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.60.Jk	Magnetization reversal mechanisms
75.60.Lr	Magnetic aftereffects
75.60.Nt	Magnetic annealing and temperature–hysteresis effects
75.70.-i	Magnetic properties of thin films, surfaces, and interfaces (for magnetic properties of nanostructures, see 75.75.+a)
75.70.Ak	Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
75.70.Cn	Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures)
75.70.Kw	Domain structure (including magnetic bubbles)
75.70.Rf	Surface magnetism
75.75.+a	Magnetic properties of nanostructures
75.80.+q	Magnetomechanical and magnetoelectric effects, magnetostriction
... ... ...	Galvanomagnetic effects, see 72.15.Gd and 72.20.My
... ... ...	Magnetooptical effects, see 78.20.Ls
75.90.+w	Other topics in magnetic properties and materials (restricted to new topics in section 75)
76.	Magnetic resonances and relaxations in condensed matter, Mössbauer effect
76.20.+q	General theory of resonances and relaxations
76.30.-v	Electron paramagnetic resonance and relaxation (see also 33.35.+r Electron resonance and relaxation in atomic and molecular physics; 87.80.Lg Magnetic and paramagnetic resonance in biological physics)
76.30.Da	Ions and impurities: general
76.30.Fc	Iron group (3d) ions and impurities (Ti–Cu)
76.30.He	Platinum and palladium group (4d and 5d) ions and impurities (Zr–Ag and Hf–Au)
76.30.Kg	Rare-earth ions and impurities
76.30.Lh	Other ions and impurities
76.30.Mi	Color centers and other defects
76.30.Pk	Conduction electrons
76.30.Rn	Free radicals
76.40.+b	Diamagnetic and cyclotron resonances
76.50.+g	Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic resonances; spin-wave resonance (see also 75.30.Ds Spin waves)
76.60.-k	Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation (see also 33.25.+k Nuclear resonance and relaxation in atomic and molecular physics and 82.56.−b Nuclear magnetic resonance in physical chemistry and chemical physics; for structure determination using magnetic resonance techniques, see 61.05.Qr; for biophysical applications, see 87.80.Lg)
76.60.Cq	Chemical and Knight shifts
76.60.Es	Relaxation effects
76.60.Gv	Quadrupole resonance
76.60.Jx	Effects of internal magnetic fields
76.60.Lz	Spin echoes
76.60.Pc	NMR imaging (for medical NMR imaging, see 87.61.−c)
76.70.-r	Magnetic double resonances and cross effects (see also 33.40.+f Multiple resonances in atomic and molecular physics)
76.70.Dx	Electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), electron double resonance (ELDOR)
76.70.Fz	Double nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR), dynamical nuclear polarization
76.70.Hb	Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR)
76.75.+i	Muon spin rotation and relaxation
76.80.+y	Mössbauer effect; other γ-ray spectroscopy (see also 33.45.+x Mössbauer spectra—in atomic and molecular physics; for biophysical applications, see 87.64.kx; for chemical analysis applications, see 82.80.Ej)
... ... ...	Magnetic resonance spectrometers, 07.57.Pt
76.90.+d	Other topics in magnetic resonances and relaxations (restricted to new topics in section 76)
77.	Dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties (for conductivity phenomena, see 72.20.−i and 72.80.−r; for dielectric properties related to treatment conditions, see 81.40.Tv)
77.22.-d	Dielectric properties of solids and liquids (for dielectric properties of tissues and organs, see 87.19.rf)
77.22.Ch	Permittivity (dielectric function)
77.22.Ej	Polarization and depolarization
77.22.Gm	Dielectric loss and relaxation
77.22.Jp	Dielectric breakdown and space-charge effects
77.55.+f	Dielectric thin films
77.65.-j	Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects
77.65.Bn	Piezoelectric and electrostrictive constants
77.65.Dq	Acoustoelectric effects and surface acoustic waves (SAW) in piezoelectrics (see also 43.35.Pt Surface waves in solids and liquids—in Acoustics Appendix; for surface acoustic wave transducers, see 43.38.Rh—in Acoustics Appendix)
77.65.Fs	Electromechanical resonance; quartz resonators
77.65.Ly	Strain-induced piezoelectric fields
77.70.+a	Pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects
77.80.-e	Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
77.80.Bh	Phase transitions and Curie point
77.80.Dj	Domain structure; hysteresis
77.80.Fm	Switching phenomena
77.84.-s	Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric materials (for nonlinear optical materials, see 42.70.Mp; for dielectric materials in electrochemistry, see 82.45.Un)
77.84.Bw	Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides, etc.
77.84.Dy	Niobates, titanates, tantalates, PZT ceramics, etc.
77.84.Fa	KDP- and TGS-type crystals
77.84.Jd	Polymers; organic compounds
77.84.Lf	Composite materials
77.84.Nh	Liquids, emulsions, and suspensions; liquid crystals (for structure of liquid crystals, see 61.30.−v)
77.90.+k	Other topics in dielectrics, piezoelectrics, and ferroelectrics and their properties (restricted to new topics in section 77)
78.	Optical properties, condensed-matter spectroscopy and other interactions of radiation and particles with condensed matter
78.20.-e	Optical properties of bulk materials and thin films (for optical properties related to materials treatment, see 81.40.Tv; for optical materials, see 42.70−a; for optical properties of superconductors, see 74.25.Gz; for optical properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60.Mk; for optical/infrared radiation effects on biological systems, see 87.50.W−)
78.20.Bh	Theory, models, and numerical simulation
78.20.Ci	Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
78.20.Ek	Optical activity
78.20.Fm	Birefringence
78.20.Hp	Piezo-, elasto-, and acoustooptical effects; photoacoustic effects
78.20.Jq	Electrooptical effects
78.20.Ls	Magnetooptical effects
78.20.Nv	Thermooptical and photothermal effects
... ... ...	Nonlinear optical properties, see 42.65.−k
78.30.-j	Infrared and Raman spectra (for vibrational states in crystals and disordered systems, see 63.20.−e and 63.50.−x respectively)
78.30.Am	Elemental semiconductors and insulators
78.30.Cp	Liquids
78.30.Er	Solid metals and alloys
78.30.Fs	III–V and II–VI semiconductors
78.30.Hv	Other nonmetallic inorganics
78.30.Jw	Organic compounds, polymers
78.30.Ly	Disordered solids
78.30.Na	Fullerenes and related materials
78.35.+c	Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering; other light scattering (for Raman scattering, see 78.30.−j)
78.40.-q	Absorption and reflection spectra: visible and ultraviolet (for infrared spectra, see 78.30.−j)
78.40.Dw	Liquids
78.40.Fy	Semiconductors
78.40.Ha	Other nonmetallic inorganics
78.40.Kc	Metals, semimetals, and alloys
78.40.Me	Organic compounds and polymers
78.40.Pg	Disordered solids
78.40.Ri	Fullerenes and related materials
78.45.+h	Stimulated emission (see also 42.55.−f Lasers)
78.47.-p	Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics (see also 42.65.−k Nonlinear optics; 42.50.−p Quantum optics)
78.47.Cd	Time resolved luminescence
78.47.Fg	Coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy
78.47.J-	Ultrafast pump/probe spectroscopy (< 1 psec) (see also 82.53.Eb Pump probe studies of photodissociation; 82.53.Hn Pump probe experiments with bound states in femtochemistry; for ultrafast processes in nonlinear optics, see 42.65.Re)
78.47.jc	Time resolved spectroscopy (> 1 psec)
78.47.jf	Photon echoes
78.47.jj	Transient grating spectroscopy
78.47.jm	Quantum beats
78.47.jp	Optical nutation
78.47.js	Free polarization decay
78.47.N-	High resolution nonlinear optical spectroscopy
78.47.nd	Hole burning spectroscopy
78.47.nj	Four-wave mixing spectroscopy
78.55.-m	Photoluminescence, properties and materials
78.55.Ap	Elemental semiconductors
78.55.Bq	Liquids
78.55.Cr	III–V semiconductors
78.55.Et	II–VI semiconductors
78.55.Fv	Solid alkali halides
78.55.Hx	Other solid inorganic materials
78.55.Kz	Solid organic materials
78.55.Mb	Porous materials
78.55.Qr	Amorphous materials; glasses and other disordered solids
78.60.-b	Other luminescence and radiative recombination
78.60.Fi	Electroluminescence
78.60.Hk	Cathodoluminescence, ionoluminescence
78.60.Kn	Thermoluminescence
78.60.Mq	Sonoluminescence, triboluminescence
78.60.Ps	Chemiluminescence (see also 42.55.Ks Chemical lasers)
78.66.-w	Optical properties of specific thin films (for optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials, see 78.67.−n; for optical properties of surfaces, see 78.68.+m)
78.66.Bz	Metals and metallic alloys
78.66.Db	Elemental semiconductors and insulators
78.66.Fd	III–V semiconductors
78.66.Hf	II–VI semiconductors
78.66.Jg	Amorphous semiconductors; glasses
78.66.Li	Other semiconductors
78.66.Nk	Insulators
78.66.Qn	Polymers; organic compounds
78.66.Sq	Composite materials
78.66.Tr	Fullerenes and related materials
78.66.Vs	Fine-particle systems
78.67.-n	Optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials and structures
78.67.Bf	Nanocrystals and nanoparticles
78.67.Ch	Nanotubes
78.67.De	Quantum wells
78.67.Hc	Quantum dots
78.67.Lt	Quantum wires
78.67.Pt	Multilayers; superlattices
78.68.+m	Optical properties of surfaces
78.70.-g	Interactions of particles and radiation with matter
78.70.Bj	Positron annihilation (for positron states, see 71.60.+z in electronic structure of bulk materials; for positronium chemistry, see 82.30.Gg in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
78.70.Ck	X-ray scattering
78.70.Dm	X-ray absorption spectra
78.70.En	X-ray emission spectra and fluorescence
78.70.Gq	Microwave and radio-frequency interactions
78.70.Nx	Neutron inelastic scattering
78.90.+t	Other topics in optical properties, condensed matter spectroscopy and other interactions of particles and radiation with condensed matter (restricted to new topics in section 78)
79.	Electron and ion emission by liquids and solids; impact phenomena
79.20.-m	Impact phenomena (including electron spectra and sputtering)
79.20.Ap	Theory of impact phenomena; numerical simulation
79.20.Ds	Laser-beam impact phenomena
79.20.Fv	Electron impact: Auger emission
79.20.Hx	Electron impact: secondary emission
79.20.Kz	Other electron-impact emission phenomena
79.20.La	Photon- and electron-stimulated desorption
79.20.Mb	Positron emission
79.20.Rf	Atomic, molecular, and ion beam impact and interactions with surfaces
... ... ...	Channeling, blocking, energy loss of particles, see 61.85.+p
79.20.Uv	Electron energy loss spectroscopy (see also 82.80.Pv Electron spectroscopy in physical chemistry and chemical physics; 34.80.−i Electron and positron scattering in atomic and molecular physics)
79.40.+z	Thermionic emission
79.60.-i	Photoemission and photoelectron spectra
79.60.Bm	Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces
79.60.Dp	Adsorbed layers and thin films
79.60.Fr	Polymers; organic compounds
79.60.Ht	Disordered structures
79.60.Jv	Interfaces; heterostructures; nanostructures
79.70.+q	Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption
79.75.+g	Exoelectron emission
79.90.+b	Other topics in electron and ion emission by liquids and solids and impact phenomena (restricted to new topics in section 79)