| 00. | GENERAL | |
| 01. | Communication, education, history, and philosophy | |
| 01.10.-m | Announcements, news, and organizational activities | |
| 01.10.Cr | Announcements, news, and awards | |
| 01.10.Fv | Conferences, lectures, and institutes | |
| 01.10.Hx | Physics organizational activities | |
| 01.20.+x | Communication forms and techniques (written, oral, electronic, etc.) | |
| 01.30.-y | Physics literature and publications | |
| 01.30.Bb | Publications of lectures (advanced institutes, summer schools, etc.) | |
| 01.30.Cc | Conference proceedings | |
| 01.30.Ee | Monographs and collections | |
| 01.30.Kj | Handbooks, dictionaries, tables, and data compilations | |
| 01.30.L- | Physics laboratory manuals | |
| 01.30.la | Secondary schools | |
| 01.30.lb | Undergraduate schools | |
| 01.30.M- | Textbooks | |
| 01.30.mm | Textbooks for graduates and researchers | |
| 01.30.mp | Textbooks for undergraduates | |
| 01.30.mr | Textbooks for students in grades 9-12 | |
| 01.30.mt | Textbooks for students in grades K-8 | |
| 01.30.Os | Books of general interest to physics teachers | |
| 01.30.Rr | Surveys and tutorial papers; resource letters | |
| 01.30.Tt | Bibliographies | |
| 01.30.Vv | Book reviews | |
| N | 01.30.Ww | Editorials |
| 01.30.Xx | Publications in electronic media (for the topic of electronic publishing, see 01.20.+x) | |
| 01.40.-d | Education | |
| 01.40.Di | Course design and evaluation | |
| 01.40.E- | Science in school | |
| 01.40.eg | Elementary school | |
| 01.40.ek | Secondary school | |
| 01.40.Fk | Research in physics education | |
| 01.40.G- | Curricula and evaluation | |
| 01.40.gb | Teaching methods and strategies | |
| 01.40.gf | Theory of testing and techniques | |
| 01.40.Ha | Learning theory and science teaching | |
| 01.40.J- | Teacher training | |
| 01.40.jc | Preservice training | |
| 01.40.jh | Inservice training | |
| 01.50.-i | Educational aids | |
| 01.50.F- | Audio and visual aids | |
| 01.50.fd | Audio devices | |
| 01.50.ff | Films; electronic video devices | |
| 01.50.fh | Posters, cartoons, art, etc. | |
| 01.50.H- | Computers in education | |
| 01.50.ht | Instructional computer use | |
| 01.50.hv | Computer software and software reviews | |
| 01.50.Kw | Techniques of testing | |
| 01.50.Lc | Laboratory computer use (see also 01.50.Pa) | |
| 01.50.My | Demonstration experiments and apparatus | |
| 01.50.Pa | Laboratory experiments and apparatus (see also 01.50.Lc) | |
| 01.50.Qb | Laboratory course design, organization, and evaluation | |
| 01.50.Rt | Physics tournaments and contests | |
| 01.50.Wg | Physics of toys | |
| 01.50.Zv | Errors in physics classroom materials | |
| 01.52.+r | National and international laboratory facilities | |
| 01.55.+b | General physics | |
| 01.60.+q | Biographies, tributes, personal notes, and obituaries | |
| 01.65.+g | History of science | |
| 01.70.+w | Philosophy of science | |
| S | 01.75.+m | Science and society (for science and government, see 01.78.+p) |
| M | 01.75.+m | Science and society (for science and government, see 01.78.+p; for social issues regarding wind energy, see 88.50.Xy; for social issues regarding biomass energy, see 88.20.Y-) |
| S | 01.78.+p | Science and government (funding, politics, etc.) |
| M | 01.78.+p | Science and government (funding, politics, etc.) (see also 88.05.Jk Policy issues; resource assessment) |
| 01.80.+b | Physics of games and sports | |
| 01.85.+f | Careers in physics and science | |
| 01.90.+g | Other topics of general interest (restricted to new topics in section 01) | |
| 02. | Mathematical methods in physics | |
| 02.10.-v | Logic, set theory, and algebra | |
| 02.10.Ab | Logic and set theory | |
| 02.10.De | Algebraic structures and number theory | |
| 02.10.Hh | Rings and algebras | |
| 02.10.Kn | Knot theory | |
| 02.10.Ox | Combinatorics; graph theory | |
| 02.10.Ud | Linear algebra | |
| 02.10.Xm | Multilinear algebra | |
| 02.10.Yn | Matrix theory | |
| 02.20.-a | Group theory (for algebraic methods in quantum mechanics, see 03.65.Fd; for symmetries in elementary particle physics, see 11.30.-j) | |
| 02.20.Bb | General structures of groups | |
| 02.20.Hj | Classical groups | |
| 02.20.Qs | General properties, structure, and representation of Lie groups | |
| 02.20.Rt | Discrete subgroups of Lie groups | |
| 02.20.Sv | Lie algebras of Lie groups | |
| 02.20.Tw | Infinite-dimensional Lie groups | |
| 02.20.Uw | Quantum groups | |
| 02.30.-f | Function theory, analysis | |
| 02.30.Cj | Measure and integration | |
| 02.30.Em | Potential theory | |
| 02.30.Fn | Several complex variables and analytic spaces | |
| 02.30.Gp | Special functions | |
| 02.30.Hq | Ordinary differential equations | |
| 02.30.Ik | Integrable systems | |
| 02.30.Jr | Partial differential equations | |
| 02.30.Ks | Delay and functional equations | |
| 02.30.Lt | Sequences, series, and summability | |
| 02.30.Mv | Approximations and expansions | |
| 02.30.Nw | Fourier analysis | |
| 02.30.Oz | Bifurcation theory (see also 47.20.Ky in fluid dynamics) | |
| 02.30.Px | Abstract harmonic analysis | |
| 02.30.Rz | Integral equations | |
| 02.30.Sa | Functional analysis | |
| 02.30.Tb | Operator theory | |
| 02.30.Uu | Integral transforms | |
| 02.30.Vv | Operational calculus | |
| 02.30.Xx | Calculus of variations | |
| 02.30.Yy | Control theory | |
| 02.30.Zz | Inverse problems | |
| 02.40.-k | Geometry, differential geometry, and topology (see also section 04 Relativity and gravitation) | |
| 02.40.Dr | Euclidean and projective geometries | |
| 02.40.Ft | Convex sets and geometric inequalities | |
| 02.40.Gh | Noncommutative geometry | |
| 02.40.Hw | Classical differential geometry | |
| 02.40.Ky | Riemannian geometries | |
| 02.40.Ma | Global differential geometry | |
| 02.40.Pc | General topology | |
| 02.40.Re | Algebraic topology | |
| 02.40.Sf | Manifolds and cell complexes | |
| 02.40.Tt | Complex manifolds | |
| 02.40.Vh | Global analysis and analysis on manifolds | |
| 02.40.Xx | Singularity theory (see also 05.45.-a Nonlinear dynamics and chaos) | |
| 02.40.Yy | Geometric mechanics (see also 45.20.Jj in formalisms in classical mechanics) | |
| 02.50.-r | Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics (see also section 05 Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems) | |
| 02.50.Cw | Probability theory | |
| 02.50.Ey | Stochastic processes | |
| 02.50.Fz | Stochastic analysis | |
| 02.50.Ga | Markov processes | |
| 02.50.Le | Decision theory and game theory | |
| 02.50.Ng | Distribution theory and Monte Carlo studies | |
| 02.50.Sk | Multivariate analysis | |
| 02.50.Tt | Inference methods | |
| 02.60.-x | Numerical approximation and analysis | |
| 02.60.Cb | Numerical simulation; solution of equations | |
| 02.60.Dc | Numerical linear algebra | |
| 02.60.Ed | Interpolation; curve fitting | |
| 02.60.Gf | Algorithms for functional approximation | |
| 02.60.Jh | Numerical differentiation and integration | |
| 02.60.Lj | Ordinary and partial differential equations; boundary value problems | |
| 02.60.Nm | Integral and integrodifferential equations | |
| 02.60.Pn | Numerical optimization | |
| 02.70.-c | Computational techniques; simulations (for quantum computation, see 03.67.Lx; for computational techniques extensively used in subdivisions of physics, see the appropriate section; for example, see 47.11.-j Computational methods in fluid dynamics) | |
| 02.70.Bf | Finite-difference methods | |
| 02.70.Dh | Finite-element and Galerkin methods | |
| 02.70.Hm | Spectral methods | |
| 02.70.Jn | Collocation methods | |
| 02.70.Ns | Molecular dynamics and particle methods | |
| 02.70.Pt | Boundary-integral methods | |
| 02.70.Rr | General statistical methods | |
| 02.70.Ss | Quantum Monte Carlo methods | |
| 02.70.Tt | Justifications or modifications of Monte Carlo methods | |
| 02.70.Uu | Applications of Monte Carlo methods (see also 02.50.Ng in probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics, and 05.10.Ln in statistical physics) | |
| 02.70.Wz | Symbolic computation (computer algebra) | |
| 02.90.+p | Other topics in mathematical methods in physics (restricted to new topics in section 02) | |
| 03. | Quantum mechanics, field theories, and special relativity (see also section 11 General theory of fields and particles) | |
| 03.30.+p | Special relativity | |
| 03.50.-z | Classical field theories | |
| 03.50.De | Classical electromagnetism, Maxwell equations (for applied classical electromagnetism, see 41.20.-q) | |
| 03.50.Kk | Other special classical field theories | |
| 03.65.-w | Quantum mechanics [see also 03.67.-a Quantum information; 05.30.-d Quantum statistical mechanics; 31.30.J- Relativistic and quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects in atoms, molecules, and ions in atomic physics] | |
| N | 03.65.Aa | Quantum systems with finite Hilbert space |
| 03.65.Ca | Formalism | |
| 03.65.Db | Functional analytical methods | |
| 03.65.Fd | Algebraic methods (see also 02.20.-a Group theory) | |
| 03.65.Ge | Solutions of wave equations: bound states | |
| 03.65.Nk | Scattering theory | |
| 03.65.Pm | Relativistic wave equations | |
| 03.65.Sq | Semiclassical theories and applications | |
| 03.65.Ta | Foundations of quantum mechanics; measurement theory (for optical tests of quantum theory, see 42.50.Xa) | |
| 03.65.Ud | Entanglement and quantum nonlocality (e.g. EPR paradox, Bell's inequalities, GHZ states, etc.) (for entanglement production and manipulation, see 03.67.Bg; for entanglement measures, witnesses etc., see 03.67.Mn; for entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensates, see 03.75.Gg) | |
| 03.65.Vf | Phases: geometric; dynamic or topological | |
| 03.65.Wj | State reconstruction, quantum tomography | |
| 03.65.Xp | Tunneling, traversal time, quantum Zeno dynamics | |
| 03.65.Yz | Decoherence; open systems; quantum statistical methods (see also 03.67.Pp in quantum information; for decoherence in Bose-Einstein condensates, see 03.75.Gg) | |
| 03.67.-a | Quantum information (see also 42.50.Dv Quantum state engineering and measurements; 42.50.Ex Optical implementations of quantum information processing and transfer in quantum optics) | |
| 03.67.Ac | Quantum algorithms, protocols, and simulations | |
| 03.67.Bg | Entanglement production and manipulation (for entanglement in Bose-Einstein condensates, see 03.75.Gg) | |
| 03.67.Dd | Quantum cryptography and communication security | |
| 03.67.Hk | Quantum communication | |
| 03.67.Lx | Quantum computation architectures and implementations | |
| 03.67.Mn | Entanglement measures, witnesses, and other characterizations (see also 03.65.Ud Entanglement and quantum nonlocality; 42.50.Dv Quantum state engineering and measurements in quantum optics) | |
| 03.67.Pp | Quantum error correction and other methods for protection against decoherence (see also 03.65.Yz Decoherence; open systems; quantum statistical methods; for decoherence in Bose-Einstein condensates, see 03.75.Gg) | |
| 03.70.+k | Theory of quantized fields (see also 11.10.-z Field theory) | |
| 03.75.-b | Matter waves (for atom interferometry, see 37.25.+k; see also 67.85.-d ultracold gases, trapped gases in quantum fluids and solids) | |
| 03.75.Be | Atom and neutron optics | |
| 03.75.Dg | Atom and neutron interferometry | |
| 03.75.Gg | Entanglement and decoherence in Bose-Einstein condensates | |
| 03.75.Hh | Static properties of condensates; thermodynamical, statistical, and structural properties | |
| 03.75.Kk | Dynamic properties of condensates; collective and hydrodynamic excitations, superfluid flow | |
| S | 03.75.Lm | Tunneling, Josephson effect, Bose–Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices, and topological excitations |
| M | 03.75.Lm | Tunneling, Josephson effect, Bose-Einstein condensates in periodic potentials, solitons, vortices, and topological excitations (see also 74.50.+r Tunneling phenomena; Josephson effects in superconductivity) |
| 03.75.Mn | Multicomponent condensates; spinor condensates | |
| 03.75.Nt | Other Bose-Einstein condensation phenomena | |
| 03.75.Pp | Atom lasers | |
| 03.75.Ss | Degenerate Fermi gases | |
| S | 04. | General relativity and gravitation (for astrophysical aspects, see 95.30.Sf Relativity and gravitation; for relativistic aspects of cosmology, see 98.80.Jk) |
| M | 04. | General relativity and gravitation (for astrophysical aspects, see 95.30.Sf Relativity and gravitation; for relativistic aspects of cosmology, see 98.80.Jk; for special relativity, see 03.30.+p) |
| 04.20.-q | Classical general relativity (see also 02.40.-k Geometry, differential geometry, and topology) | |
| 04.20.Cv | Fundamental problems and general formalism | |
| 04.20.Dw | Singularities and cosmic censorship | |
| 04.20.Ex | Initial value problem, existence and uniqueness of solutions | |
| 04.20.Fy | Canonical formalism, Lagrangians, and variational principles | |
| 04.20.Gz | Spacetime topology, causal structure, spinor structure | |
| 04.20.Ha | Asymptotic structure | |
| 04.20.Jb | Exact solutions | |
| 04.25.-g | Approximation methods; equations of motion | |
| 04.25.D- | Numerical relativity | |
| 04.25.dc | Numerical studies of critical behavior, singularities, and cosmic censorship | |
| 04.25.dg | Numerical studies of black holes and black-hole binaries | |
| 04.25.dk | Numerical studies of other relativistic binaries (see also 97.80.-d Binary and multiple stars in astronomy) | |
| 04.25.Nx | Post-Newtonian approximation; perturbation theory; related approximations | |
| 04.30.-w | Gravitational waves (see also 04.80.Nn Gravitational wave detectors and experiments) | |
| 04.30.Db | Wave generation and sources | |
| 04.30.Nk | Wave propagation and interactions | |
| 04.30.Tv | Gravitational-wave astrophysics (see also 95.85.Sz Gravitational radiation, magnetic fields, and other observations in astronomy) | |
| 04.40.-b | Self-gravitating systems; continuous media and classical fields in curved spacetime | |
| 04.40.Dg | Relativistic stars: structure, stability, and oscillations (see also 97.60.-s Late stages of stellar evolution) | |
| 04.40.Nr | Einstein-Maxwell spacetimes, spacetimes with fluids, radiation or classical fields | |
| 04.50.-h | Higher-dimensional gravity and other theories of gravity (see also 11.25.Mj Compactification and four-dimensional models, 11.25.Uv D branes) | |
| 04.50.Cd | Kaluza-Klein theories | |
| 04.50.Gh | Higher-dimensional black holes, black strings, and related objects | |
| 04.50.Kd | Modified theories of gravity | |
| S | 04.60.-m | Quantum gravity (see also 11.25.−w Strings and branes) |
| M | 04.60.-m | Quantum gravity (see also 11.25.-w Strings and branes; 11.15.Wx Topologically massive gauge theories, and 11.15.Yc Chern-Simons gauge theory) |
| 04.60.Bc | Phenomenology of quantum gravity | |
| 04.60.Cf | Gravitational aspects of string theory | |
| 04.60.Ds | Canonical quantization | |
| 04.60.Gw | Covariant and sum-over-histories quantization | |
| 04.60.Kz | Lower dimensional models; minisuperspace models | |
| 04.60.Nc | Lattice and discrete methods | |
| 04.60.Pp | Loop quantum gravity, quantum geometry, spin foams | |
| N | 04.60.Rt | Topologically massive gravity (see also 11.15.Wx Topologically massive gauge theories, and 11.15.Yc Chern-Simons gauge theory) |
| 04.62.+v | Quantum fields in curved spacetime | |
| S | 04.65.+e | Supergravity (see also 12.60.Jv Supersymmetric models) |
| M | 04.65.+e | Supergravity (see also 12.60.Jv Supersymmetric models; 11.15.Wx Topologically massive gauge theories, and 11.15.Yc Chern-Simons gauge theory) |
| 04.70.-s | Physics of black holes (see also 97.60.Lf—in astronomy) | |
| 04.70.Bw | Classical black holes | |
| 04.70.Dy | Quantum aspects of black holes, evaporation, thermodynamics | |
| 04.80.-y | Experimental studies of gravity | |
| 04.80.Cc | Experimental tests of gravitational theories | |
| 04.80.Nn | Gravitational wave detectors and experiments (see also 95.55.Ym Gravitational radiation detectors; mass spectrometers; and other instrumentation and techniques) | |
| 04.90.+e | Other topics in general relativity and gravitation (restricted to new topics in section 04) | |
| 05. | Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems (see also 02.50.-r Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics) | |
| 05.10.-a | Computational methods in statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics (see also 02.70.-c in mathematical methods in physics) | |
| 05.10.Cc | Renormalization group methods | |
| 05.10.Gg | Stochastic analysis methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.) | |
| 05.10.Ln | Monte Carlo methods (see also 02.70.Tt, Uu in mathematical methods in physics; for Monte Carlo methods extensively used in subdivisions of physics, see the appropriate section; for example, see 52.65.Pp in plasma simulation) | |
| 05.20.-y | Classical statistical mechanics | |
| 05.20.Dd | Kinetic theory (see also 51.10.+y Kinetic and transport theory of gases) | |
| 05.20.Gg | Classical ensemble theory | |
| 05.20.Jj | Statistical mechanics of classical fluids (see also 47.10.-g General theory in fluid dynamics) | |
| 05.30.-d | Quantum statistical mechanics (for quantum fluids aspects, see 67.10.Fj) | |
| 05.30.Ch | Quantum ensemble theory | |
| 05.30.Fk | Fermion systems and electron gas (see also 71.10.-w Theories and models of many-electron systems; see also 67.10.Db Fermion degeneracy in quantum fluids) | |
| 05.30.Jp | Boson systems (for static and dynamic properties of Bose-Einstein condensates, see 03.75.Hh and 03.75.Kk; see also 67.10.Ba Boson degeneracy in quantum fluids) | |
| 05.30.Pr | Fractional statistics systems (anyons, etc.) | |
| N | 05.30.Rt | Quantum phase transitions (see also 64.70.Tg Quantum phase transitions in specific phase transitions; and 73.43.Nq Quantum phase transitions in Quantum Hall effects) |
| S | 05.40.-a | Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion (for fluctuations in superconductivity, see 74.40.+k; for statistical theory and fluctuations in nuclear reactions, see 24.60.−k; for fluctuations in plasma, see 52.25.Gj) |
| M | 05.40.-a | Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion (for fluctuations in superconductivity, see 74.40.-n; for statistical theory and fluctuations in nuclear reactions, see 24.60.-k; for fluctuations in plasma, see 52.25.Gj; for nonlinear dynamics and chaos, see 05.45.-a) |
| 05.40.Ca | Noise | |
| 05.40.Fb | Random walks and Levy flights | |
| 05.40.Jc | Brownian motion | |
| S | 05.45.-a | Nonlinear dynamics and chaos (see also section 45 Classical mechanics of discrete systems; for chaos in fluid dynamics, see 47.52.+j) |
| M | 05.45.-a | Nonlinear dynamics and chaos (see also section 45 Classical mechanics of discrete systems; for chaos in fluid dynamics, see 47.52.+j; for chaos in superconductivity, see 74.40.De) |
| 05.45.Ac | Low-dimensional chaos | |
| 05.45.Df | Fractals (see also 47.53.+n Fractals in fluid dynamics; 61.43.Hv Fractals; macroscopic aggregates in structure of solids) | |
| 05.45.Gg | Control of chaos, applications of chaos | |
| 05.45.Jn | High-dimensional chaos | |
| 05.45.Mt | Quantum chaos; semiclassical methods | |
| 05.45.Pq | Numerical simulations of chaotic systems | |
| 05.45.Ra | Coupled map lattices | |
| 05.45.Tp | Time series analysis | |
| 05.45.Vx | Communication using chaos | |
| 05.45.Xt | Synchronization; coupled oscillators | |
| 05.45.Yv | Solitons (see 52.35.Sb for solitons in plasma; for solitons in acoustics, see 43.25.Rq—in Acoustics Appendix; see 42.50.Md, 42.65.Tg, 42.81.Dp for solitons in optics; see also 03.75.Lm in matter waves; for solitons in space plasma physics, see 94.05.Fg; for solitary waves in fluid dynamics, see 47.35.Fg) | |
| 05.50.+q | Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.) (see also 64.60.Cn Order-disorder transformations, and 75.10.Hk Classical spin models) | |
| 05.60.-k | Transport processes | |
| 05.60.Cd | Classical transport | |
| 05.60.Gg | Quantum transport | |
| 05.65.+b | Self-organized systems (see also 45.70.-n in classical mechanics of discrete systems) | |
| S | 05.70.-a | Thermodynamics (see also section 64 Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions, and section 65 Thermal properties of condensed matter; for chemical thermodynamics, see 82.60.−s; for thermodynamics of plasmas, see 52.25.Kn; for thermodynamic properties of quantum fluids, see section 67) |
| M | 05.70.-a | Thermodynamics (see also section 64 Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions, and section 65 Thermal properties of condensed matter; for chemical thermodynamics, see 82.60.-s; for thermodynamics of plasmas, see 52.25.Kn; for thermodynamic properties of quantum fluids, see 67.25.bd, and 67.30.ef; for thermodynamics of nanoparticles, see 82.60.Qr, and 65.80.-g; for thermodynamic processes in astrophysics, see 95.30.Tg; for thermodynamics in volcanology, see 91.40.Pc) |
| S | 05.70.Ce | Thermodynamic functions and equations of state (see also 51.30.+i Thermodynamic properties, equations of state in physics of gases; for equations of state of specific substances, see 64.30.−t; for equations of state of nuclear matter, and of neutron–star matter, see 21.65.Mn and 26.60.Kp respectively; see also 95.30.Tg in astronomy) |
| M | 05.70.Ce | Thermodynamic functions and equations of state (see also 51.30.+i Thermodynamic properties, equations of state in physics of gases; for equations of state of specific substances, see 64.30.-t; for equations of state of nuclear matter, and of neutron-star matter, see 21.65.Mn and 26.60.Kp, respectively; see also 95.30.Tg in astronomy; for thermodynamic properties of superconductors, see 74.25.Bt) |
| S | 05.70.Fh | Phase transitions: general studies (see also 64.70.Tg Quantum phase transitions) |
| M | 05.70.Fh | Phase transitions: general studies (see also 05.30.Rt Quantum phase transitions in quantum statistical mechanics; 64.70.Tg Quantum phase transitions in specific phase transitions; 73.43.Nq Quantum phase transitions in quantum Hall effects; for superconductivity phase diagrams, see 74.25.Dw; for magnetic phase boundaries, see 75.30.Kz; for ferroelectric phase transitions, see 77.80.B-) |
| S | 05.70.Jk | Critical point phenomena |
| M | 05.70.Jk | Critical point phenomena (for quantum critical phenomena in superconductivity, see 74.40.Kb) |
| 05.70.Ln | Nonequilibrium and irreversible thermodynamics (see also 82.40.Bj Oscillations, chaos, and bifurcations in physical chemistry and chemical physics) | |
| 05.70.Np | Interface and surface thermodynamics (see also 68.35.Md Surface thermodynamics, surface energies in surfaces and interfaces) | |
| 05.90.+m | Other topics in statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems (restricted to new topics in section 05) | |
| 06. | Metrology, measurements, and laboratory procedures (for laser applications in metrology, see 42.62.Eh) | |
| 06.20.-f | Metrology | |
| 06.20.Dk | Measurement and error theory | |
| 06.20.F- | Units and standards | |
| 06.20.fa | Units | |
| 06.20.fb | Standards and calibration | |
| 06.20.Jr | Determination of fundamental constants | |
| 06.30.-k | Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy | |
| 06.30.Bp | Spatial dimensions (e.g., position, lengths, volume, angles, and displacements) | |
| 06.30.Dr | Mass and density | |
| 06.30.Ft | Time and frequency | |
| 06.30.Gv | Velocity, acceleration, and rotation | |
| 06.30.Ka | Basic electromagnetic quantities (see also 84.37.+q Measurements in electric variables) | |
| 06.60.-c | Laboratory procedures | |
| 06.60.Ei | Sample preparation (including design of sample holders) | |
| 06.60.Jn | High-speed techniques (microsecond to femtosecond) | |
| 06.60.Mr | Testing and inspecting procedures | |
| 06.60.Sx | Positioning and alignment; manipulating, remote handling | |
| 06.60.Vz | Workshop procedures (welding, machining, lubrication, bearings, etc.) | |
| S | 06.60.Wa | Laboratory safety procedures |
| M | 06.60.Wa | Laboratory safety procedures (for national and international laboratory facilities, see 01.52.+r) |
| 06.90.+v | Other topics in metrology, measurements, and laboratory procedures (restricted to new topics in section 06) | |
| 07. | Instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy (see also each subdiscipline for specialized instrumentation and techniques) | |
| S | 07.05.-t | Computers in experimental physics |
| M | 07.05.-t | Computers in experimental physics (for computers in education, see 01.50.H-, and 01.50.Lc; for quantum computation architectures, see 03.67.Lx; for optical computers, see 42.79.Ta; for computational and simulation techniques, see 02.70.-c in mathematical methods) |
| 07.05.Bx | Computer systems: hardware, operating systems, computer languages, and utilities | |
| 07.05.Dz | Control systems | |
| 07.05.Fb | Design of experiments | |
| 07.05.Hd | Data acquisition: hardware and software | |
| 07.05.Kf | Data analysis: algorithms and implementation; data management (for data analysis in nuclear physics, see 29.85.-c) | |
| 07.05.Mh | Neural networks, fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence | |
| 07.05.Pj | Image processing (see also 42.30.Va in optics; 87.57.-s Medical imaging in biological and medical physics; 95.75.Tv Digitization techniques in astronomy) | |
| 07.05.Rm | Data presentation and visualization: algorithms and implementation | |
| 07.05.Tp | Computer modeling and simulation | |
| 07.05.Wr | Computer interfaces (for nuclear physics applications, see 29.50.+v) | |
| 07.07.-a | General equipment | |
| 07.07.Df | Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing | |
| 07.07.Hj | Display and recording equipment, oscilloscopes, TV cameras, etc. | |
| 07.07.Mp | Transducers | |
| 07.07.Tw | Servo and control equipment; robots | |
| 07.07.Vx | Hygrometers; hygrometry | |
| 07.10.-h | Mechanical instruments and equipment | |
| S | 07.10.Cm | Micromechanical devices and systems (for micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS), see 85.85.+j in electronic and magnetic devices; see also 87.80.Ek Mechanical and micromechanical techniques; 87.85.Ox Biomedical instrumentation and transducers including micro-electro-mechanical systems in biological and medical physics) |
| M | 07.10.Cm | Micromechanical devices and systems [for micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS), see 85.85.+j in electronic and magnetic devices; see also 81.07.Oj Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) in nanoscale materials and structures; see also 87.80.Ek Mechanical and micromechanical techniques; 87.85.Ox Biomedical instrumentation and transducers including micro-electro-mechanical systems in biological and medical physics] |
| 07.10.Fq | Vibration isolation | |
| 07.10.Lw | Balance systems, tensile machines, etc. | |
| 07.10.Pz | Instruments for strain, force, and torque | |
| 07.20.-n | Thermal instruments and apparatus | |
| 07.20.Dt | Thermometers | |
| 07.20.Fw | Calorimeters (for calorimeters as radiation detectors, see 29.40.Vj) | |
| 07.20.Hy | Furnaces; heaters | |
| 07.20.Ka | High-temperature instrumentation; pyrometers | |
| 07.20.Mc | Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature detectors, and other low-temperature equipment | |
| 07.20.Pe | Heat engines; heat pumps; heat pipes | |
| 07.30.-t | Vacuum apparatus | |
| 07.30.Bx | Degasification, residual gas | |
| 07.30.Cy | Vacuum pumps | |
| 07.30.Dz | Vacuum gauges | |
| 07.30.Hd | Vacuum testing methods; leak detectors | |
| 07.30.Kf | Vacuum chambers, auxiliary apparatus, and materials | |
| 07.35.+k | High-pressure apparatus; shock tubes; diamond anvil cells | |
| 07.50.-e | Electrical and electronic instruments and components | |
| 07.50.Ek | Circuits and circuit components (see also 84.30.-r Electronic circuits and 84.32.-y Passive circuit components) | |
| 07.50.Hp | Electrical noise and shielding equipment | |
| 07.50.Ls | Electrometers | |
| 07.50.Qx | Signal processing electronics (see also 84.40.Ua in radiowave and microwave technology; 87.85.Ng Biological signal processing in biomedical engineering) | |
| 07.55.-w | Magnetic instruments and components | |
| 07.55.Db | Generation of magnetic fields; magnets (for superconducting magnets, see 84.71.Ba; for beam focusing magnets, see 41.85.Lc in beam optics) | |
| 07.55.Ge | Magnetometers for magnetic field measurements | |
| 07.55.Jg | Magnetometers for susceptibility, magnetic moment, and magnetization measurements | |
| 07.55.Nk | Magnetic shielding in instruments | |
| 07.57.-c | Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave instruments and equipment (for infrared and radio telescopes, see 95.55.Cs, 95.55.Fw, and 95.55.Jz in astronomy; for biophysical spectroscopic applications, see 87.64.-t) | |
| 07.57.Hm | Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave sources (see also 42.72.Ai Infrared sources in optics) | |
| 07.57.Kp | Bolometers; infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave receivers and detectors (see also 85.60.Gz Photodetectors in electronic and magnetic devices, and 95.55.Rg Photoconductors and bolometers in astronomy) | |
| 07.57.Pt | Submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave spectrometers; magnetic resonance spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques | |
| 07.57.Ty | Infrared spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques | |
| S | 07.60.-j | Optical instruments and equipment (see also 87.64.M− Optical microscopy in biological and medical physics) |
| M | 07.60.-j | Optical instruments and equipment (see also 87.64.M- Optical microscopy in biological and medical physics; for optical sources, see 42.72.-g; see also 42.79.-e Optical elements, devices and systems; for optoelectronic devices, see 85.60.-q; for optical telescopes, see 95.55.Cs; for photometric, polarimetric, and spectroscopic equipment in astronomy, see 95.55.Qf) |
| 07.60.Dq | Photometers, radiometers, and colorimeters | |
| 07.60.Fs | Polarimeters and ellipsometers | |
| 07.60.Hv | Refractometers and reflectometers | |
| 07.60.Ly | Interferometers | |
| 07.60.Pb | Conventional optical microscopes (for near-field scanning optical microscopes, see 07.79.Fc; for x-ray microscopes, see 07.85.Tt) | |
| 07.60.Rd | Visible and ultraviolet spectrometers | |
| 07.60.Vg | Fiber-optic instruments (see also 42.81.-i Fiber optics) | |
| 07.64.+z | Acoustic instruments and equipment (see also 43.58.+z—in acoustics) | |
| 07.68.+m | Photography, photographic instruments; xerography | |
| 07.75.+h | Mass spectrometers (see also 82.80.Ms, 82.80.Nj, and 82.80.Rt in physical chemistry and chemical physics) | |
| 07.77.-n | Atomic, molecular, and charged-particle sources and detectors | |
| 07.77.Gx | Atomic and molecular beam sources and detectors (see also 37.20.+j Atomic and molecular beam sources and techniques, in atomic and molecular physics) | |
| 07.77.Ka | Charged-particle beam sources and detectors (see also 29.40.-n Radiation detectors in nuclear physics) | |
| 07.78.+s | Electron, positron, and ion microscopes; electron diffractometers | |
| 07.79.-v | Scanning probe microscopes and components (see also 68.37.-d Microscopy of surfaces, interfaces, and thin films) | |
| 07.79.Cz | Scanning tunneling microscopes | |
| 07.79.Fc | Near-field scanning optical microscopes | |
| 07.79.Lh | Atomic force microscopes | |
| 07.79.Pk | Magnetic force microscopes | |
| 07.79.Sp | Friction force microscopes | |
| 07.81.+a | Electron and ion spectrometers (see also 29.30.Dn Electron spectroscopy; 29.30.Ep Charged-particle spectroscopy in nuclear physics) | |
| S | 07.85.-m | X- and γ-ray instruments (for x- and γ-ray telescopes, see 95.55.Ka in astronomy; see also 41.50.+h X-ray beams and x-ray optics) |
| M | 07.85.-m | X- and γ-ray instruments (for x- and γ-ray telescopes, see 95.55.Ka in astronomy; for x-ray beams and x-ray optics, see 41.50.+h) |
| 07.85.Fv | X- and γ-ray sources, mirrors, gratings, and detectors | |
| 07.85.Jy | Diffractometers | |
| 07.85.Nc | X-ray and γ-ray spectrometers | |
| 07.85.Qe | Synchrotron radiation instrumentation | |
| 07.85.Tt | X-ray microscopes | |
| S | 07.87.+v | Spaceborne and space research instruments, apparatus, and components (satellites, space vehicles, etc.) (for instrumentation for space plasma physics, ionosphere, and magnetosphere, see 94.80.+g; see also 95.55.−n and 95.40.+s in astronomy) |
| M | 07.87.+v | Spaceborne and space research instruments, apparatus, and components (satellites, space vehicles, etc.) (for instrumentation for space plasma physics, ionosphere, and magnetosphere, see 94.80.+g; see also 95.55.-n and 95.40.+s in astronomy; for materials testing in space, see 81.70.Ha) |
| 07.88.+y | Instruments for environmental pollution measurements | |
| 07.89.+b | Environmental effects on instruments (e.g., radiation and pollution effects) (for environmental effects on optical elements, devices, and systems, see 42.88.+h) | |
| 07.90.+c | Other topics in instruments, apparatus, and components common to several branches of physics and astronomy (restricted to new topics in section 07) | |