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ALPHABETIC INDEX
PACS codes from Acoustics Appendix are indicated by an asterisk (*). A Back to top A15 compounds and alloys, 74.70.A Ab initio calculations (electronic structure of atoms and-molecules), 31.15.A Abelian groups, 02.20.K Aberrations, optical, 42.15.F Ablation —film deposition, 81.15.F —laser-radiation effects, 79.20.D Abrasion —materials, 81.40.P —mechanics, 46.30.P Absorption —acoustical —architectural acoustics, *43.55.E, N —linear acoustics, *43.20.H —nonlinear acoustics, *43.25.E —underwater, *43.30.E, K —neutron, 28.20.F —optical, 42.25.B —of photons by nuclei, 25.20.D —of radiation —atmospheric, 42.68.A, 94.10.G —plasma, 52.25 Absorption coefficients, optical, 78.20.C Absorption edges, x-ray, 78.70.D Absorption spectra —atoms, 32.30 —biomolecules, 87.15.M —clusters, 36.40.M —excitons, 71.35.C —macro- and polymer-molecules, 36.20.K —molecules, 33.20 —solids and liquids, 78.40 Absorption spectroscopy —biophysics, 87.64.N —chemical analysis, 82.80.C —instrumentation, 07.57.T, 07.60.R Abstraction reactions, 82.30.H Acceleration —biological effects of, 87.65 —measurement of, 06.30.G Accelerators —advanced concepts, 41.75.L —collective and linear, 29.17 —cyclic, 29.20 —electrostatic, 29.17 —plasma, 52.75.D —for radiation therapy, 87.56.B Accidents (nuclear reactors), 28.41.T Accommodation —chemisorption, 82.65.M —gas dynamics, 47.45.N Accretion and accretion disks —galactic, 98.62.M —Milky Way, 98.35.N —stellar, 97.10.G Acoustic emission, *43.40.L Acoustic impedance, *43.20.R —architectural acoustics, *43.55.E —of ground, snow, and ice, *43.28.E Acoustic signal processing, 43.60 Acoustic streaming, *43.25.N Acoustic transduction, 43.38 Acoustical holography, *43.35.S, *43.60.S Acoustical instruments and techniques, 07.64, 43.58 Acoustical properties —gases, 51.40 —liquids, 62.60 —rocks and-minerals, 91.60.L —solid–fluid interfaces, 68.45.N —solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.G —solids, 62.65 —superconductors, 74.25.L —thin films, *43.35.N, 68.60.B Acoustics —architectural, 43.55 —atmospheric, 43.28 —biological, 43.80 —linear, 43.20 —nonlinear, 43.25 —physiological, 43.64 —psychological, 43.66 —structural, 43.40 —underwater, 43.30 Acousto-electric effects —conductivity phenomena, 72.50 —piezoelectrics, 77.65.D —thin films, 73.50.R Acousto-optical devices, 42.79.J Acousto-optical effects, *43.35.S, 78.20.H Activation analysis, radiochemical, 82.80.J Adaptation, visual —color, 42.66.N —light, 42.66.L Adaptive optical systems —astronomy, 95.75.Q —atmospheric optics, 42.68.W Adhesion —interfacial flow (rheology), 83.50.L —solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.G —structural-mechanics, 46.30.P Admittance-measurement, 84.37 Adsorption —adsorbates —electron states, 73.20.H —photoelectron spectra, 79.60.D —chemisorption, 82.65.Y —fluid surfaces, 68.10.J —quantum fluids, 67.70 —solid–fluid interfaces, 68.45.D Aeroacoustics, 43.28 Aerodynamics, 47.40 Aeroelasticity, 46.30.M Aeronomy (see 94) Aerosols —atmospheric optics, 42.68.J —materials synthesis, 81.20.R —meteorology, 92.60.M —oceanography, 92.20.B —physical chemistry, 82.70.R Aerospace biophysics and-medical physics, 87.65 Africa, 93.30.B Afterglow, plasma reactions, 82.40.R Aggregation, diffusion-limited, 61.43.H Aging,-materials, 81.40.C Aharonov–Bohm effect, 03.65.B, 72.15.R Air pollution —atmospheric chemistry, 82.40.W —atmospheric optics, 42.68.K —meteorology, 92.60.S Airglow, 94.10.R Algebraic geometry, 02.10.R Algebraic groups, classical linear, 02.20.H Algebraic-methods —in-quantum-mechanics, 03.65.F —in string theory, 11.25.H Algebraic topology, 02.40.R Algebras, 02.10 —Lie, 02.20.S Alkali halides, photoluminescence of, 78.55.F Alkali-metals, electronic structure of, 71.20.D Alloys —absorption spectra, 78.40.K —diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.E —electronic conduction —bulk-matter, 72.15.C, E —liquid, 72.15.C —thin films, 73.61.A —electronic structure, 71.20.B, E, G —fabrication, 81.05.B —impurity and defect levels, 71.55.A —infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.E —local-magnetic-moment, 75.20.H —magnetic-materials, 75.50 —optical properties of thin films, 78.66.B —phase diagrams, 81.30.B —radiation effects, 61.82.B —self-diffusion, 66.30.F —structure —amorphous, 61.43.D —crystalline, 61.66.D —liquid, 61.25.M —superconducting, 74.70 Alpha Cygni stars, 97.30.D Alpha decay, 23.60 Alpha-particle-induced nuclear reactions, 25.55 Ammeters, 07.50.Y Amorphous-magnetic-materials, 75.50.K Amorphous-metals and alloys —electrical and thermal conductivity, 72.15.C —electron density of states, 71.23 —photoelectron spectra, 79.60.H —structure of, 61.43.D Amorphous semiconductors —electronic structure, 71.23.C —fabrication, 81.05.G —impurity and defect levels, 71.55.J —infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.L —photoelectron spectra, 79.60.H —structure, 61.43.D —synthesis, 81.05.G —thin films —electrical conductivity, 73.61.J —optical properties, 78.66.J Amorphous superconductors, 74.80.B Amplifiers —electronic, 84.30.L —laser, 42.60.D —optical parametric, 42.65.Y Analytic spaces, 02.30.F Anderson-model, 71.23, 71.27 Anelasticity —materials treatment effects on, 81.40.J —mechanical properties of solids, 62.40 Anemometry, 47.80, 93.85 Angiography, 87.59.D Angles,-measurement of, 06.30.B Angular velocity-measurement, 06.30.G Anharmonic lattice-modes, 63.20.R Annealing —crystal defects, 61.72.C —effects on-microstructure and properties, 81.40.E —magnetic, 75.60.N Announcements, 01.10.C Anodization, 82.45 Anoxic environments, oceanography, 92.20.H Antarctica, 93.30.C Antennas, 84.40.B —plasma interactions-with, 52.40.F Antibunched photon states, 42.50.D Antiferroelectricity, 77.80 Antiferromagnetic resonance, 76.50 Antiferromagnetics, 75.50.E Antiphase boundaries, 81.30 Antiproton-induced reactions, 25.43 Antireflection coatings, 42.79.W Anyons, 71.10.P —superconductivity, 74.20.M Apertures, optical, 42.79.A Apodization, 42.15.E APW calculations, 71.15.A Arc discharges, 52.80.M Arc-welding, 52.75.R Archaeoastronomy, 95.90 Archeomagnetism, 91.25.D Architectural acoustics, 43.55 Arctic Ocean, 93.30.L Arrays —fiber optical, 42.81.Q —integrated optics, 42.82.E —laser, 42.60.D —solar cells, 84.60.J Artificial intelligence, 07.05.M Artificial satellites, 07.87, 95.40, 95.55.P Ash deposits, 91.40.B Asia, 93.30.D Associated liquids, structure of, 61.20.Q Association reactions, chemical, 82.30.N Associative rings and algebras, 02.10.T Asteroids, 96.30.Y Astrometric binary stars, 97.80.A Astrometry, 95.10.J —instrumentation, 95.55.B Astron (magnetic trap), 52.55.L Astronomy —databases, 95.80 —fundamental, 95.10 —historical, 95.90 Astrophysical plasma, 95.30.Q Astrophysics, fundamentals, 95.30 Asymptotic structure, general relativity, 04.20.H Atlantic Ocean, 93.30.M Atmosphere —Earth —effects of volcanic eruptions, 91.40.D —global change, 92.70.C —ionosphere, 94.20 —magnetosphere, 94.30 —neutral, 94.10 —troposphere, 92.60 —Moon, 96.20.D —planetary, 96.35.H, K —stellar, 97.10.E Atmosphere/ocean/Earth interaction, 91.10.V Atmospheric acoustics, 43.28 Atmospheric chemistry, 82.40.W —meteorology, 92.60.H —neutral atmosphere, 94.10.F Atmospheric ion precipitation, 94.20.Q, 94.30.H Atmospheric optics, 42.68 Atmospheric pressure, 94.10.D Atmospheric sound, 43.28 Atom interferometry, 03.75.D, 39.20 Atom–molecule potentials and forces, 34.20.G Atom optics, 03.75.B Atomic and-molecular data, astrophysics, 95.30.K Atomic beam epitaxy, 81.15.H Atomic beams —chemical reactions, 34.50.L, 82.40.D —damage by (condensed-matter), 61.80.L —detectors for, 07.77 —interactions-with solids, 79.20.R —sources of, 07.77.G, 39.10 —in structural analysis, 61.18.B Atomic clusters, 36.40 Atomic collisions (see 34) Atomic ensemble, phase coherence of, 03.75.F, 42.50.G Atomic force-microscopy —biophysics, 87.64.D —instruments, 07.79.L —surface structure, 61.16.C Atomic forces, 34.20 Atomic isotopes, 32.10.B Atomic-mass, 32.10.B Atomic-moments, 32.10.D Atomic-orbital-methods, 71.15.F Atomic physics (see 30) Atomic properties, 32.10 Atomic spectra, 32.30 —astrophysics, 95.30.K Atomic sphere approximation-methods, 71.15.L Atoms —collisions in plasma, 52.20.H —cooling and trapping, 32.80.P —electric and-magnetic-moments, 32.10.D —electron affinity, 32.10.H —electronic structure —calculations of, 31.15 —theory of, 31.10 —excitation and ionization by electron impact, 34.80.D —exotic, 36.10 —hot atom reactions, 82.55 —ionization potential, 32.10.H —polarizability, 32.10.D —scattering, 34.50 Attenuation, light-waves, 42.25.B Attenuators, optical, 42.79.Y Audio and visual aids, educational, 01.50.F Auditory system, 43.64 Auger effect —atoms, 32.80.H —solids, 79.20.F Auger-microscopy, 61.16.M Auger spectroscopy, 82.80.P Augmented plane-wave (APW) calculations, 71.15.A Aurora, 94.10.R Australia, 93.30.F Autoionization —atoms, 32.80.D —molecules, 33.80.E Avalanche counters, 29.40.C Avalanche effect, 64.60.L Awards, 01.10.C Axial vector currents, 11.40.H Axiomatic field theory, 11.10.C Axions, 14.80.M B Back to top Background radiation (galactic and extragalactic), 98.70.V Backscattering (See Scattering) Bacteria (seawater), 92.20.P Bag-models, 12.39.B Balance systems, 07.10.L Balances, 06.30.D Ballistic transport, 73.23.A Ballooning instability, 52.35.P Balloons (meteorology), 92.60 Band-model of-magnetism, 75.10.L Band-pass filters, 84.30.V Band structure, 71.20 Barkhausen effect, 75.60.E Barred spirals (galaxies), 98.52.N Baryon number, 11.30.F Baryon resonances, 14.20.G Baryons —decays, 13.30.E —production, 13.60.R —properties, 14.20 Bathymetry, 91.50.G Batteries, 84.60.D BCS theory, 74.20.F Beach processes (marine geology), 91.50.C Beam characteristics —accelerators, 29.27.F —low energy beams, 41.85.E Beam-foil excitation and ionization, 34.50.F Beam injection —accelerators, 29.27.A —low energy beams, 41.85.A —plasma heating, 52.50.G Beam optics (low energy charged-particle beams), 41.85 Beam–plasma instability, 52.35.Q Beam splitters and deflectors —low energy beams, 41.85.C —optical, 42.79.F Beam trapping (nonlinear optics), 42.65.J Beams, charged-particle —in accelerators, 29.27 —electron, 41.75.F, H —interactions-with plasma, 52.40.M —ion, 41.75.A, C —positron, 41.75.F, H —relativistic electron and positron, 41.75.H Beams, photon —laser, 42.60 —x-ray, 41.50 Bearings, 06.60.V Bell inequalities, 03.65.B Bernstein-waves, 52.35.H Berry's phase, 03.65.B Bessel functions, 02.30.G Beta Cephei stars, 97.30.D Beta decay, 23.40 Betatrons, 29.20.F Bethe–Salpeter equations, 11.10.S BGK-modes (in plasma), 52.35.S Bi-metric gravity theories, 04.50 Bibliographies, 01.30.T Bifurcation, 05.45 —chemical kinetics, 82.40.B —hydrodynamic stability, 47.20.K Bifurcations —differential equations, 02.30.H, J Big Bang nucleosynthesis, 26.35 Big Bang theory, 98.80.B Binary stars, 97.80 Binding energy —molecular core, 33.15.R —nuclear, 21.10.D —solids, 71.15.N Bingham fluids, 83.50.N Binocular vision, 42.66.S Bioacoustics, 43.80 —biological effects of sound, 87.51 Biochemistry, 87.15.R Biogeochemical processes, global, 92.70 Biographical notes, 01.60 Biological effects of radiation, 87.50 Biological-materials —fluid dynamics, 87.45 —rheology of, 83.80.L Biological physics —cellular, 87.22 —instrumentation, 87.80 —molecular, 87.15 —spectroscopic and-microscopic techniques, 87.64 —theoretical,-mathematical, 87.10 Bioluminescence, 87.15.M Biomagnetism, 87.40 Biomedical engineering —medical imaging equipment, 87.62 —radiation therapy equipment, 87.56 Biomembrane transport, 87.22.F Biomolecular electronics, 85.65 Biomolecules, structure of, 87.15 Bionics, 87.10 Biorheology, 87.45, 83.80.L Biosensors, 87.80 Biosonic generation —bioacoustics, *43.80.K —biophysics, 87.22.N Biothermics, 87.22.P Bipolar outflows —external galaxies, 98.58.F —Milky Way, 98.38.F —pre-main-sequence objects, 97.21 Bipolar transistors, 85.30.P Bipolaron theory of superconductivity, 74.20.M Birefringence —optical fibers, 42.81.G —solids, 78.20.F —wave optics, 42.25.L Bismuth-based high-Tc superconductors, 74.72.H Bistability, optical, 42.65.P Black-body radiation, 44.40, 42.72 Black holes —astrophysics, 97.60.L —external galaxies, 98.62.J —Milky Way, 98.35.J —physics of, 04.70 Blast-waves, *43.28.M Blazars, 98.54.C Blood, rheology of, 83.80.L, 87.45 Blue stars, 97.20.R Body fluids, 87.45 Body-movements, physics of, 87.45.D Bok globules, 97.21 Bolometers, 07.57.K Boltzmann equation, 05.60 Bond angles and bond lengths, 33.15.D, 61.50.L Bond strength, 33.15.F Bonds, dangling, 61.43 Bone densitometry, 87.59.L Books, 01.30 Bootstraps, 11.55.B, F Borides —dielectric-materials, 77.84.B —refractories, 81.05.J Born–Oppenheimer approximation, 31.30 Borocarbides, superconductivity of, 74.72.Y Bose–Einstein condensation, 03.75.F Bose–Einstein statistics, 05.30 Boson degeneracy (helium-4), 67.40 Boson systems, 05.30.J Bosons —gauge, 14.70 —Higgs, 14.80.B, C —interacting boson-model, 21.60.F —intermediate, decays of, 13.38 —Nambu–Goldstone, 14.80.M Bottom baryons, 14.20.M Bottom-mesons —hadronic decays, 13.25.H —leptonic decays, 13.20.H —properties, 14.40.N Bound states —field theory, 11.10.S —quantum-mechanics, 03.65.G Boundary element-methods, 02.60.L Boundary layers —laminar, 47.15.C —meteorology, 92.60.F —plasma, 52.40.H —sea–air, 92.10.K —turbulence, 47.27.N Boundary-value problems —in electrostatics, 41.20.C —in-magnetostatics, 41.20.G —in-mathematics, 02.60.L Brachytherapy, 87.53.J Bragg reflectors, 42.79.D Breakdown, electrical —dielectrics, 77.22.J —gases, 51.50 Breeder reactors, 28.50.F Bremsstrahlung, 03.50, 41.50, 78.70.C Brillouin scattering —condensed-matter, 78.35 —molecular spectra, 33.20.F —nonlinear optics, 42.65.E —plasma, 52.35.N Brillouin-zones, 63.20, 71.20 Brittleness, 62.20.M Brownian-motion, 05.40 Bubble chambers, 29.40 Bubbles —magnetic, 75.70.K —nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55.D —nonlinear acoustics, *43.25.Y Buckling —fission reactors, 28.41.A —materials treatment effects, 81.40.L —static, 46.30.L Buckyballs (see Fullerenes) Buoyancy-driven instability, 47.20.B Bursts —galactic, 98.62.N —solar, 96.60.R C Back to top C15 superconductors, 74.70.A Cables —electrical, 84.70 —fiber-optical, 42.81.Q —superconducting, 84.70 Calculus —differential and integral, 02.30 —operational, 02.30.Q —of variations and optimal control, 02.30.W Calendars, astronomical, 95.10.K Calibration, 06.20.F Calorimeters, 07.20.F —nuclear and particle physics, 29.40.V Cameras, photographic, 07.68 Capacitance-measurement, 84.37 Capacitor banks (energy storage), 84.60.V Capacitors, 84.32.T Capillarity, 68.10 Capillary-waves, oceanic, 92.10.C Car–Parinello-method, 71.15.P Carbides —dielectric-materials, 77.84.B —refractories, 81.05.J Carbon dioxide lasers, 42.55.L Carbon stars, 97.30.H Cardiomagnetism, 87.40 CARS, 42.65.D Cartography, 91.10.D Catalysis —enzymatic, 87.15.R —at fluid surfaces, 68.10.J —heterogeneous, 82.65.J —homogeneous, 82.30.V Catastrophe theory, 05.45 Category theory, 02.10.W Cathode-ray tubes, 84.47 Cathodoluminescence, 78.60.H Causal structure, 04.20.G Cavitation —acoustics, *43.25.Y, *43.35.E —nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55.B Cavity resonators —fiber optics, 42.81.Q —integrated optics, 42.82.E —laser, 42.60.D —optical, 42.79.G Celestial-mechanics, 95.10.C Cell complexes (geometry and topology), 02.40.S Cellular biophysics —magnetic field effects, 87.40 —membrane transport, 87.22.F Cenozoic period, 91.70.B Centrifuges, 07.10.Y Cepheids, 97.30.G Ceramics —fabrication, 81.05.J, M —piezoelectricity, 77.84.D Cermets, preparation of, 81.05.M Chain reactions, chemistry, 82.30.C Chains,-macromolecular and polymer, 36.20.F Chalcogenides —conductivity, 73.61.G —dielectric-materials, 77.84.B —impurity and defect levels, 71.55.G —photoluminescence, 78.55.E —superconductivity, 74.70.A Channel flow, 47.60 Channeling (in crystals), 61.85 Chaos —acoustics, *43.25.R —astronomy, 95.10.F —chemical reactions, 82.40.B —fluid dynamics, 47.52 —nuclear reactions, 24.60.L —optical, 42.65.S —rheology, 83.50.W —superconductivity fluctuations, 74.40 —theory and-models, 05.45 Charge carriers, generation and recombination of —semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.J —surfaces, 73.25 —thin films, 73.50.G Charge-coupled devices, 85.60.G —in astronomical instrumentation, 95.55.A Charge-density-waves —collective excitations, 71.45.L —one-dimensional conductors, 72.15.N —surface and interface excitations, 73.20.M Charge distribution (nuclear), 21.10.F Charge-exchange reactions —chemistry, 82.30.F —nuclear physics —3H-, 3He-, and 4He-induced, 25.55.K —2H-induced, 25.45.K —induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.L —low and intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions, 27.70.K —nucleon induced, 25.40.K —pion, 25.80.G Charge-measurement, 84.37 Charge transfer —atomic and-molecular collisions, 34.70 —chemical reactions, 82.30.F Charge-transfer complexes (biomolecules), 87.15 Charged clusters, 36.40.W Charged-lepton interactions-with hadrons, 13.60 Charged-particle beams —in accelerators, 29.27 —beam optics, 41.75, 41.85 —sources and detectors, 07.77.K Charged-particle-induced fission, 25.85.G Charged-particle spectrometers, 29.27.A Charged-particle spectroscopy, 29.30.E Charmed baryons, 14.20.L Charmed-mesons —hadronic decays, 13.25.F —leptonic and semileptonic decays, 13.20.F —properties, 14.40.L Chemical analysis, 82.80 —in biophysics, 87.64 Chemical beam epitaxy, 81.15.H Chemical bonds, 31.10 —biomolecules, 87.15.B —crystals, 61.50.L —macro- and polymer-molecules, 36.20.H Chemical composition —Earth's atmosphere, 92.60.H, 94.10.F —Earth's interior, 91.35.L —galaxies, 98.62.B —materials, 81.05, 82.80 —planets, 96.35.E —solid surfaces and solid–solid interfaces, 68.35.D —stars, 97.10.T —Sun, 96.60.F —superconductors, 74.62.B —thin films, 68.55.N Chemical equilibria, 82.60.H Chemical interdiffusion, 66.30.N Chemical kinetics, 82.20, 82.40 Chemical lasers, 42.55.K, 82.40.T —kinetics, 82.80.T Chemical physics (see 82) Chemical reactions, 82.30, 82.40 —clusters, 36.40.J Chemical sensors, 07.07.D Chemical shift (NMR), 76.60.C Chemical synthesis, 81.20.K Chemical thermodynamics, 82.60 Chemical vapor deposition, 52.75.R, 81.15.G Chemically reactive flows, 47.70.F Chemically reactive-materials (rheology), 83.50.J Chemiluminescence, 78.60.P —chemical reactions, 82.40.T Chemisorption —solid–fluid interfaces, 68.45 —surface and interface chemistry, 82.65.M Cherenkov detectors, 29.40.K Cherenkov radiation, 41.60.B Chevrel phases, superconductivity of, 74.70.A Chiral Lagrangians, 12.39.F Chiral symmetries, 11.30.R Chirality —biomolecules, 87.15.B —liquid crystals, 61.30 —optical activity, 33.55.A, 78.20.E —polymer-molecules and-macromolecules, 36.20.E —rotational isomerism, 33.15.H Chirping, 42.65.R Chromatography, 82.80.B Chromodynamics,-quantum, 12.38 Chromosphere, solar, 96.60.N Chronometers, 06.30.F Circuit theory, 84.30.B Circuits —electronic, 07.50.E, 84.30 —integrated, 85.40 —passive components, 84.32 Circulation —atmospheric, 92.60.B —oceanography, 92.10.M Circumstellar envelopes, 97.10.F Cladding, optical fibers, 42.81.B Classical field theory, 03.50 Classical-mechanics —continuous-media, 03.40 —discrete systems, 03.20 Clebsch–Gordan coefficients, 03.65, 31.10 Climate dynamics, 92.70.G Climatology, 92.60.R Clocks, 06.30.F, 95.55.S Clouds —atmospheric optics, 42.68.G —interstellar, 98.38.D —meteorology, 92.60.N —planetary atmospheres, 96.35.H —stellar, 97.10.F Cluster-models, nuclear, 21.60.G Cluster theory, atomic physics, 31.15.D Clusters —atomic and-molecular, 36.40 —formation in chemical reactions, 82.30.N —galaxies, 98.65 —solid —electronic structure, 71.24 —structure, 61.46 —stellar, 98.20 Coastal oceanography, 92.10.S Coastal processes, 91.50.C Coatings —deposition-methods, 81.15 —optical, 42.79.W Coercivity (magnetic-materials), 75.60.G Coherence —in electron scattering, 34.80.P —optical —quantum optics, 42.50.A —wave optics, 42.25.K Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), 42.65.D Coherent radiation, plasma devices for generation of, 52.75.V Cohesion,-material flows, 83.50.L Cohesive energy, 61.50.L —calculation-methods, 71.15.N Coils, induction, 84.32.H Cold electron emitters, 85.45.D "Cold" fusion (classified under deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45 and electrochemistry, 82.45) Cold-working, 81.40.E Collagen (rheology), 83.80.L Collective excitations —bulk-matter, 71.45 —clusters, 36.40.G —excitons, 71.35.L —nuclear structure, 21.10.R —one-dimensional conductors, 72.15.N —superfluid helium-3, 67.57.J —surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.M Collective flow, relativistic collisions, 25.75.L Collective-models (nuclear structure), 21.60.E Collimators, optical, 42.79.A Collisions —atomic and-molecular (see 34) —elementary particles (See 13) —galaxies, 98.65.A —in plasma, 52.20.H, F Colloids, 82.70.D, 83.70.H Color centers —absorption spectra, 78.40.F, H —crystal defects, 61.72.J —electron states, 71.55 —EPR, 76.30.M Color transparency (QCD in nuclei), 24.85 Color vision, 42.66.N Colorimeters, 07.60.D Colorimetry, 82.80.C Combinatorics, 02.10.E Combustion —enthalpy, 82.60.C —reaction kinetics, 82.40.P Combustion synthesis, 81.20.K Cometary nebulae, 97.21 Comets —interaction-with solar-wind, 96.50.E —in interplanetary space, 96.50.G Commensurate–incommensurate transformations, 64.70.R Commutative rings and algebras, 02.10.P Compact disks, 42.79.V Compactification (string theory), 11.25.M Compaction (materials preparation), 81.20.E Comparators, electronic, 84.30.Q Complex variables, 02.30.F, D Composite-materials —dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric, 77.84.L —electrical conductivity, 72.80.T —optical properties of thin films, 78.66.F —preparation, 81.20 —rheology of, 83.70.D Composite particle-models, 12.60.R Compressibility —gases, 51.35 —liquids, 62.10 —shells, plates, and beams, 46.30.L —solids, 62.20.F, 81.40.L Compressible flows, 47.40 Compression-molding, 83.50.D Compressional-waves —aeronomy, 94.10.J —meteorology, 92.60.D Compressors, electronic, 84.30.Q Compton scattering —atoms, 32.80.C —bulk-matter, 78.70 —by hadrons, 13.60.F Computational techniques,-mathematical, 02.70 Computer-aided design —electronics, 84.30.B —microelectronics, 85.40.B Computer hardware, 07.05.B Computer interfaces, 07.05.W —nuclear physics, 29.50 Computer languages, 07.05.B Computer-modeling and simulation, 07.05.T —astronomy, 95.75.P —chemical kinetics, 82.20.W —disordered solids, 61.43.B —impact phenomena, solids, 79.20.A —integrated circuits fabrication, 85.40.B —liquid structure, 61.20.J —magnetic critical points, 75.40.M —optical properties, 78.20.B —plasma, 52.65 —rheology, 83.20.J Computer science and technology, 89.80 Computer vision, 42.30.T Computerized tomography, 87.59.F Computers —in acoustics, *43.55.K, *43.58.T —as educational aids, 01.50.H —in experimental physics, 07.05 —optical, 42.79.T Concentrators, solar, 42.79.E Condensation —fluid–fluid interfaces, 68.10.J —liquid–vapor transitions, 64.70.F —nucleation, 64.60.Q —chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.N —solid–fluid interfaces, 68.45.D Condensed-matter (see 60) Conducting polymers, 72.80.L, 73.61.P Conductors, electrical, 84.32.F Conduits, flow through, 47.60 Conferences —announcements, 01.10.F —acoustics, *43.10.C —proceedings, 01.30.C Configuration interaction calculations, 31.25 Confined flow, 47.60 Conformal field theory, 11.25.H Conformation,-molecular, 33.15.B —barrier heights, 33.15.H —biomolecules, 87.15.B, H —macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.E Connectors (See Interconnects) Conservation laws —classical-mechanics, 03.20 —electromagnetism, 41.20.B —fields and particles, 11.30 Constants, fundamental, 06.20.J Constitutive relations (rheology), 83.20 Contact resistance and potential, 73.40.C Contacts —II–VI semiconductor-to-semiconductor, 73.40.L —III–V semiconductor-to-semiconductor, 73.40.K —integrated electronics, 85.40.L —mechanical, 46.30.P —metal–nonmetal, 73.40.N —metal-to-metal, 73.40.J —semiconductor–electrolyte, 73.40.M —superconducting, 74.80.F Continental crust seismology, 91.30.V Continental-margins, 91.45.C Continents, 93.30 —drift of, 91.45.D Continuous-media, dynamics of (rheology), 83.10.D Continuum-mechanics, 83.10.F Control devices, 07.07.T Convection —aeronomy, 94.10.L —heat transfer, 44.25 —ionosphere, 94.20.W —magnetosphere, 94.30.F —meteorology, 92.60.E —turbulent flows, 47.27.T Convection currents (plate tectonics), 91.45.F Convergent-beam electron diffraction, 61.14.L Convex sets, 02.40.F Cooling —atoms, ions, and-molecules, 32.80.P, 33.80.P —cryogenic, 07.20.M Copolymers, rheology of, 83.70.H Coriolis effects —molecules (vibration/rotation), 33.20.V —oceans, 92.10.E Corona —solar, 96.60.P —stellar, 97.10.E Corona discharges, 52.80.H Correlation —in electron scattering, 34.80.P —in nuclear electromagnetic transitions, 23.20.E Correlation functions (collective effects), 71.45.G Corrosion fatigue, 81.40.N Corrosion protection, 81.65.K Cosmic censorship, 04.20.D Cosmic dust —in Earth's atmosphere, 94.10.N —external galaxies, 98.58.C —Milky Way, 98.38.C Cosmic rays, 96.40 —astronomical observations, 95.85.R —high-energy interactions, 13.85.T —nucleosynthesis, 24.60 —sources, galactic and extragalactic, 98.70.S Cosmic strings, 11.27, 98.80.C Cosmogony, 96.10 Cosmology, 98.80 Cosmotrons, 29.20.L Cottrell atmospheres, 61.72.L Couette flow, 47.15, 83.50 Coulomb blockade, 73.23.H Coulomb energies (nuclear levels), 21.10.S Coulomb excitation (heavy-ion collisions), 25.70.D Coupled-channel-methods (nuclear reactions), 24.10.E Coupled cluster theory, 31.15.D Couplers (See Optical couplers) CP invariance, 11.30.E CPT invariance, 11.30.E Cracks —detection, 81.70 —healing, 83.50.T —mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.M —structural-mechanics, 46.30.N Cranking-model, 21.60.C, E Cratering (Moon), 96.20.K Creep, 83.50.B —effects of-materials treatment, 81.40.L —evidence of dislocations, 61.72.H —mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.H Creeping flows, 47.15.G Critical currents (superconductivity), 74.60.J Critical exponents, 64.60.F —magnetism, 75.40.C Critical fields (superconductivity), 74.60.E Critical phenomena (see 64) —magnetism, 75.40 —at surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.R —thermodynamics, 05.70.J Critical points, 05.70.J, 64.60, 64.70, 82.60 Criticality, self-organized, 64.60.L Cross sections —chemical reactions, 82.20.P —electron scattering —atoms and-molecules, 34.80 —conductivity, 72.10 —hadrons —high-energy interactions, 13.85.L —with photons and charged leptons, 13.60.H —photon–atom interactions, 32.80.C —reactions induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.D —scattering of atoms and-molecules, 34.50 Crustal-movements, 91.10.K Cryogenics —instrumentation, 07.20.M —therapy, 87.54.B Cryptography (quantum), 03.67.D Crystal binding, 61.50.L Crystal defects, 61.72 Crystal fields —level splitting, 71.70.C —in-magnetic ordering, 75.10.D Crystal growth —methods of, 81.10 —physics of, 81.10.A Crystal structure —alloys, 61.66.D —elemental solids, 61.66.B —inorganic compounds, 61.66.F —minerals, 91.60.E —organic compounds, 61.66.H —superconductors, 74.62.B —surfaces, 68.35.B —theory, 61.50.A Crystal symmetry, 61.50.A Crystallization —amorphous-materials, 61.43 —phase transitions, 64.70.D —physics of, 81.10.A Crystallographic databases, 61.68 Crystallography (see 61) Crystals —impurities, 61.72.S —liquid, structure of, 61.30 —microstructure, 61.72 —materials treatment effects on, 81.40 —morphology and orientation, 81.10.A —nonlinear optical, 42.70.M —phase diagrams, 81.30 —purification, 81.10 —quantum, 67.80 Cuprates (superconductors), 74.72, 74.76 Curie point —ferroelectric, 77.80.B —magnetic, 75.30.K, 75.40 Current drive plasma heating, 52.50.G Currents —critical (superconductivity), 74.60.J —marine geology, 91.50.J —theory of fields and particles, 11.40 Curriculum (physics education), 01.40.G Curvature-measurement, 06.30.B Curve fitting, 02.60.E Cyclotron resonance —condensed-matter, 76.40 Cyclotrons, 29.20.H D Back to top D region, ionosphere, 94.20.E Dark-matter, 95.35 Data acquisition, 07.05.H Data analysis, algorithms for, 07.05.K Data-management, 07.05.K Data visualization, algorithms for, 07.05.R Databases, astronomical, 95.80 Databases, crystallographic, 61.68 de Haas–van Alphen effect, 71.18 Debye temperature, 63.70 Debye–Waller factor, 63.70, 61.10 Decay —baryons, 13.30 —electromagnetic, 13.40.H —heavy neutrinos, 13.35.H —intermediate bosons, 13.38 —mesons —hadronic, 13.25 —leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20 —muons, 13.35.B —by proton emission, 23.50 —radioactive (see 23) —taus, 13.35.D Decision theory, 02.50.L Decomposition reactions, 82.30.L Deep energy levels, 71.55 Defect levels —bulk-matter, 71.55 —surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.H Defects, crystal, 61.72 —absorption spectra, 78.40 —determination by diffraction and scattering, 61.72.D —diffusion, 66.30.L —direct observations, 61.72.D —EPR, 76.30.M —formation and annealing, 61.72.C —gettering effect, 61.72.Y —indirect evidence, 61.72.H —quantum crystals, 67.80.M —quantum tunneling, 66.35 —scattering by (electronic transport), 72.10.F —solid surfaces and solid–solid interfaces, 68.35.D —superconductors, 74.62.D —thin films, 68.55.L Defects, liquid crystals, 61.30.J Deflectors (optical devices), 42.79.F Deformation —effects of-materials treatment, 81.40.L —kinematics, 83.10.B —material flow, 83.50 —mathematical aspects, 03.40.D —mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.F Degasification, 07.30.B Delay equations, in function theory, 02.30.K Delay lines,-microelectronic, 85.50 Delocalization processes (surface and interface electron states), 73.20.J Demodulators, 84.30.Q Demonstration experiments and apparatus, 01.50.M Demultiplexers, 42.79.S Dendrites, 68.70 Density —changes of, 65.70 —measurement of, 06.30.D Density-functional theory —atomic and-molecular physics, 31.15.E —condensed-matter, 71.15.M Density of states —crystalline solids, 71.20 —disordered solids, 71.23 —surfaces and interfaces, 73.20 Depolarization effects (dielectrics), 77.22 Deposition —films and coatings, 81.15 —integrated circuits, 85.40.S Depth profiling, 61.72.S, 81.70.J Design of experiments (computers), 07.05.F Desorption —chemisorption, 82.65.M —field induced, 79.70 —photon- and electron-stimulated, 79.20.L —solid–fluid interfaces, 68.45.D Detectors —bolometers, 07.57.K —Cherenkov, 29.40.K —for elementary-particle and nuclear physics, 29.40 —infrared, 07.57.K, 85.25.P, 85.60.G —microwave, 07.57.K —optical, 42.79.P —radiowave, 07.57.K —scintillation, 29.40.M —solid-state, 29.40.W —submillimeter-wave, 07.57.K, 85.25.P —tracking and position-sensitive, 29.40.G —x-ray, 07.85.F Detonation —chemical reactions, 82.40.P —fluid dynamics, 47.40 —seismology, 91.30.R Deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45 Deuterons, 27.10 Dialysis,-membrane, 82.65.F, 87.22.F Diamagnetic resonance, 76.40 Diamagnetism, 75.20 —gases, 51.60 Diamond anvil cells, 07.35 Diamonds, synthesis of, 81.05.T Diaphragms, optical, 42.79.A Diatomic-molecules, electron correlation in, 31.25.N Dibaryons, 14.20.P Dichroism —materials, 78.20.F —molecules, 33.55 Dictionaries, 01.30.K Dielectric breakdown, 77.22.J Dielectric constant, complex, 78.20.C Dielectric devices, 85.50 Dielectric function, 77.22.C —collective excitations, 71.45.G Dielectric loss and relaxation, 77.22.G Dielectric-materials, 77.84 —thin films, 77.55 Dielectric properties —gases, 51.70 —plasma, 52.25.M —related to treatment conditions, 81.40.T —solids and liquids, 77.22 Differential equations —numerical approximation and analysis, 02.60.L —ordinary, 02.30.H —partial, 02.30.J Differential geometry —classical, 02.40.H —global, 02.40.M Differential thermal analysis (DTA), 81.70.P Diffraction —acoustical, *43.20.F, *43.25.J —ultrasound, *43.35.B, C —electron, 61.14 —neutron, 61.12 —optical, 42.25.F —x-ray, 61.10 Diffraction gratings —holographical, 42.40.E —optical, 42.79.D Diffractometers —electron, 07.78 —x-ray, 07.85.J Diffusion —aeronomy, 94.10.L —in atmosphere, 92.60.E —clusters, 36.40.S —in gases, 51.20 —in liquids, 66.10.C —momentum transport, 66.20 —neutron, 28.20.G —oceanography, 92.10.L —in-quantum crystals, 67.80.M —at solid surfaces and solid–solid interfaces, 68.35.F —in solids, 66.30 —spin, 75.40.G —turbulent, 47.27.Q Diffusion-limited aggregation, 61.43.H Digital circuits, 84.30.S Digital radiography, 87.59.H Dilatancy, 83.50.Q Dinh–Armstrong equation, 83.20.D Diode lasers, 42.55.P Diode-pumped lasers, 42.55.X Diodes —junction, 85.30.K —light-emitting, 85.60.J —plasma, 52.75.F —high-voltage, 52.75.P Dirac equation, 03.65.P Dirty superconductors, 74.80.B Discharges, electric, 52.80 Disclinations —crystals, 61.72.L —liquid crystals, 61.30.J Discrete system-mechanics, 46.10 Discriminators, electronic, 84.30.Q Disk galaxies, 98.52.N Dislocations —direct observation, 61.72.F —indirect evidence, 61.72.H —theory, 61.72.B —thin films, 68.55.L Disordered solids —absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.P —electrical conductivity, 72.80.N —infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.L —localization in, 71.55.J —photoemission, 79.60.H —structure, 61.43 —superconductivity, 74.80.B —vibrational states, 63.50 Dispersion hardening, 81.40.C Dispersion-reinforced composites, preparation of, 81.05.N Dispersion relations —optical, 42.25.B, 78.20.C —phonons, 63.20.D —plasma-waves, 52.35 —S-matrix theory, 11.55.F Dispersions —physical chemistry, 82.70 —rheology, 83.70.H Displacement-measurement, 06.30.B Displacive phase transitions, 63.70 Display devices —general instrumentation, 07.07.H —optical, 42.79.K —optoelectronic, 85.60.P Dissociation —chemical reactions, 82.30.L —photochemical, 82.50 —molecular —diffuse spectra, 33.80.G —by electron impact, 34.80.H —energy of, 33.15.F Distance-measurement, 06.30.B Distorted-wave approximations (nuclear reactions), 24.10.E Distributed-feedback lasers, 42.55 Distribution theory, 02.50.N Doi–Edwards theory, 83.20.D, F Domain structure —ferroelectric-materials, 77.80.D —magnetic films, 75.70.K —magnetic-materials, 75.60.C Domain-walls —cosmology, 98.80.C —extended classical solutions, 11.27 Doped-insulator lasers, 42.55.R Doping —germanium and silicon, 61.72.T —III–V and II–VI semiconductors, 61.72.V —integrated circuits technology, 85.40.R —profiles, 61.72.S, 81.70.J —superconductors, 74.62.D —thin films, 68.55.L Dosimetry —electron and positron, 87.53.F, H —neutron and proton, 87.53.P, Q —photon, 87.53.B, D Double nuclear-magnetic resonance (DNMR) —condensed-matter, 76.70.F —molecules, 33.40 Drell–Yan process, 13.85.Q Drift-waves (plasma), 52.35.K Dual energy absorptiometry (medical imaging), 87.59.B Duality, strong interactions, 12.40.N Ductility, 62.20.F Ducts —flows in, 47.60 —sound propagation in, *43.20.M, *43.55.R Dwarf galaxies, 98.52.W, 98.56.W —elliptical, 98.52.P Dwarf novae, 97.30.Q Dwarf stars, 97.20 Dye lasers, 42.55.M Dynamic loading, 83.50 Dynamometers, 07.10.P E Back to top E region, ionosphere, 94.20.G Ear, 43.64 Early Universe, 98.80.C Earth —crust-movement, vertical, 91.45.P —interior structure and properties, 91.35 —magnetic field, 91.25 Earth satellites, artificial, 95.40 Earthquakes, 91.30.P Echelles, 42.79.D Eclipses, 95.10.G Ecology, 89.60 ECR plasma heating, 52.50.G Eddy-current testing, 81.70.E Education, 01.40 Educational aids, 01.50 Effective-mass, 71.18 Eikonal approximation, 11.80.F Einstein equation, general relativity, 04.20 Einstein–Maxwell spacetime, 04.40.N El Nino, 92.10.G Elastic constants, 62.20.D Elastic deformation —materials treatment effects, 81.40.J —mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.F Elastic scattering —of atoms and-molecules, 34.50 —deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45.D —of electrons by atoms and-molecules, 34.80.B —hadron-induced, 13.85.D —heavy-ion reactions, 25.70.B —lepton-induced reactions, 25.30.B —meson-induced reactions, 25.80.D —nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40.C, D —of photons and leptons by hadrons, 13.60.F —reactions induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.B —triton-, helium-3-, and helium-4-induced reactions, 25.55.C Elastic-waves —linear acoustics, *43.20.G, *43.20.J —rheology, 83.50.T —solids, 62.30 Elasticity —fluid interfaces, 68.10.E —mathematical theory of, 03.40.D —rocks and-minerals, 91.60.B —solids, 62.20.D —superconductors, 74.25.L Elastomers —rheology, 83.80.D —structure, 61.41 Elastooptical effects, 78.20.H Electrets, 77.22 Electric breakdown, 77.22.J, 52.80, 51.50 Electric charge, 41.20.C, 84.37 Electric current-measurement, 84.37 Electric discharges, 52.80 Electric fields —effects on liquid crystal structure, 61.30.G —effects on-material flows, 83.50.P —electromagnetism, 41.20 —electrotherapy, 87.54.D —galactic, 98.62.E —ionosphere, 94.20.S —magnetosphere, 94.30.K —measurement, 84.37 —Milky Way, 95.35.E —planetary, 96.35.P —solar, 96.60.H —stellar, 97.10.L Electric impedance-measurement, 84.37 Electric-moments —atoms, 32.10.D —hadrons, 13.40.E —molecules, 33.15.K Electric-motors, 84.50 Electric variable-measurements, 84.37 Electrical components, 07.50, 84.32 Electrical conductivity —Earth, 91.25.Q —materials treatment effects on, 81.40.R —metals and alloys —amorphous and liquid, 72.15.C —crystalline, 72.15.E —semiconductors and insulators, 72.20 —mixed conductivity, 72.60 —specific, 72.80 —superconductors, 74.25.F —surfaces, 73.25 —thin films, 73.50 —specific, 73.61 Electrical devices (see 85) Electrical instruments, 07.50 Electrical noise, 07.50.H Electrical phenomena in gases, 51.50 Electrical sensors, 07.07.D Electrical shielding, 07.50.H Electroacoustic transducers, 43.38.B, D, F Electrocaloric effects, 77.70 Electrochemical analysis, 82.80.F Electrochemical cells, 84.50.D Electrochemical devices, 85.80.D Electrochemical energy conversion, 84.60.D Electrochemistry, 82.45 —biological-membranes, 87.22.F Electrochromic devices, 85.60.P Electrochromism, 78.20.J Electrodeposition, 81.15.P Electrodynamics —classical, 03.50.D —quantum, 12.20 Electrogasdynamic energy conversion, 84.60.R Electrohydrodynamics, 47.65 Electroluminescence, 78.60.F Electrolysis, 82.45 Electrolytes, structure of, 61.20.Q Electromagnetic decay (elementary particles), 13.40.H Electromagnetic fields, 41.20 Electromagnetic interactions, 13.40 —electroweak, 12.15 —leptons, 13.10 —unified field theories, 12.10 Electromagnetic-mass differences, 13.40.D Electromagnetic-moments, nuclear, 21.10.K Electromagnetic radiation —interaction-with plasma, 52.40.D, N —from-moving charges, 41.60 —solar, 96.60.T Electromagnetic testing, 81.70.E Electromagnetic-waves —atmospheric optics, 42.68.A —ionosphere, 94.20.B, R —magnetosphere, 94.30.T —meteorology, 92.60.T —microwaves, 84.40 —in plasma, 52.35.H —radiowaves, 41.20.J, 84.40 —theory, 41.20.J —wave optics, 42.25.B Electromagnetism (see 41) Electromechanical resonance, 77.65 Electrometers, 07.50.L Electromigration, 66.30.Q Electron affinity —atoms, 32.10.H —molecules, 33.15.R Electron–atom collisions —elastic scattering, 34.80.B —excitation and ionization, 34.80.D Electron attachment, 34.80.H, L Electron beam annealing, 81.40.E Electron beam-assisted deposition, 81.15.J Electron beam deposition, 81.15.E Electron beam effects, 61.80.F Electron beam induced current (EBIC), 61.16.B Electron beam lithography, 85.40.H Electron beams —nonrelativistic, 41.75.F —polarized (atomic and-molecular scattering), 34.80.N —relativistic, 41.75.H Electron capture (nuclear physics), 23.40 Electron correlation calculations, 31.25 Electron-cyclotron-waves (plasma), 52.35.H, Q Electron density of states —surfaces and interfaces, 73.20 Electron diffraction —biophysics and-medical physics, 87.64.B —crystallography, 61.14 Electron diffractometers, 07.78 Electron dosimetry, 87.53.F, H Electron double resonance (ELDOR) —condensed-matter, 76.70.D —molecules, 33.40 Electron emission —Auger, 79.20.F —secondary, 79.20.H —surface collisions, 34.50.D Electron energy-loss spectroscopy, 82.80.P Electron gas —quantum statistical-mechanics, 05.30.F —theories and-models, 71.10.C —two-dimensional, 73.20 Electron–hadron scattering, 13.60 Electron–hole drops and plasma, 71.35.L Electron holography, 61.14.N Electron-induced nuclear reactions, 25.30 Electron–ion scattering —excitation and ionization, 34.80.K —recombination and electron attachment, 34.80.L Electron-microscopes, 07.78 Electron-microscopy —biophysics and-medical physics, 87.64.D —dislocations and other crystal defects, 61.72.F —structure determination, 61.16.B Electron–molecule collisions —dissociation, 34.80.H —elastic scattering, 34.80.B —excitation and ionization, 34.80.G Electron optics, 41.85 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) —biophysics, 87.64.H —condensed-matter, 76.30 —defect structure determination, 61.72.H —molecules, 33.35 Electron phase diagrams, 71.10.H Electron–phonon interactions —electronic transport, 72.10.D —lattice dynamics, 63.20.K —polarons, 71.38 Electron–positron collisions, hadron production by, 13.65 Electron probe analysis, 81.70.J Electron scattering —by atoms and-molecules, 34.80 —in nuclear reactions —elastic, 25.30.B —inelastic, 25.30.D, F —spin-arrangement determination, 75.25 Electron sources, 07.77.K —in nuclear physics, 29.25.B Electron spectrometers, 07.81 Electron spectroscopy —biophysics and-medical physics, 87.64.L —chemical analysis, 82.80.P —nuclear and particle physics, 29.30.D Electron-stimulated desorption, 79.20.L Electron tubes, 84.47 Electronic circuits, 07.50.E, 84.30 —microelectronics, 85.40 —microwave, 84.40.D —integrated, 84.40.L —passive components, 84.32 Electronic devices (See 85) Electronic excitation and ionization —atoms, 34.50.F —molecules, 34.50.G Electronic publications, 01.30.X Electronic structure —atomic and-molecular clusters, 36.40.C —atoms,-molecules, and their ions —calculations and-mathematical techniques, 31.15 —corrections to, 31.30 —interaction effects on, 31.70 —theory of, 31.10 —biomolecules, 87.15.M —condensed-matter —calculation-methods, 71.15 —clusters and nanoparticles, 71.24 —crystalline solids, 71.20 —disordered solids, 71.23 —liquid-metals and semiconductors, 71.22 —macromolecules and polymer-molecules, 36.20.K —superconductors, 74.25.J —surfaces, interfaces, and thin films (see 73) Electronic transport —bulk-matter (see 72) —interface structures, 73.40 —thin films, 73.61 Electrons, properties of, 14.60.C Electrooptical effects —condensed-matter, 78.20.J —molecules, 33.55 Electroosmosis, 82.65.F Electrophoresis, 82.45 Electrophotography, 07.68 Electrophysiology, 87.22 —auditory system, *43.64.N, P —central nervous system, *43.64.Q Electroplating, 81.15.P Electroproduction reactions, nuclear, 25.30.R Electrorheological fluids, 83.80.G Electrostatic accelerators, 29.17 Electrostatic lenses, 41.85.N Electrostatic-waves —magnetosphere, 94.30.T —plasma, 52.35.F Electrostatics, 41.20.C Electrostriction, 77.65 Electrotherapy, 87.54.D Electroweak interactions, 12.15 —extensions of gauge sector, 12.60.C —extensions of Higgs sector, 12.60.F —nuclear tests of electroweak-models, 24.80 —in unified field theories, 12.10.D Elemental abundances and evolution, 26.45 Elemental solids —crystal structure, 61.66.B —dielectric properties, 77.84.B Elementary particles (see 10) —astronomical observations, 95.85.R —astrophysics, 95.30.C Elementary school science education, 01.40.E Ellipsometers, 07.60.F Elliptical galaxies, 98.52.E, 98.56.E Embrittlement, 81.40.N EMC effect (muon scattering), 25.30.M Emission spectra —atoms, 32.30, 32.50 —condensed-matter, 78.55, 78.60 —molecules, 33.20, 33.50 —plasma, 52.25 Emissivity, optical, 78.20.C Emulsions, 82.70.K —dielectric properties, 77.84.N —nuclear, 29.40.R —photographic, 07.68 —rheological properties, 83.70.H ENDOR —condensed-matter, 76.70.D —molecules, 33.40 Energy conversion, direct, 84.60 Energy extraction from ocean, 92.20.G Energy generation, nuclear astrophysics, 26.10 Energy losses —atom and-molecule scattering, 34.50.B —particles in condensed-matter, 61.85 Energy resources, 89.30 Energy storage, 84.60 Energy transduction (biophysics), 87.22.F Energy transfer —chemical reactions, 82.20.R —intramolecular, 34.30 Ensemble theory —classical, 05.20.G —quantum, 05.30.C Enthalpy, 05.70.C, 51.30, 65.50, 82.60 Entropy, 05.70, 65.50 Environmental effects on instruments, 07.89 Environmental pollution-measurements —instruments for, 07.88 —meteorology, 92.60.S Environmental studies, 89.60 Enzymatic catalysis, 87.15.R Ephemerides, 95.10.K Epitaxy, 68.55, 81.15 Epoxy resins, 83.80 Equations of state —gases, 51.30 —general theory, 05.70.C, 64.10 —rock formation, 91.60.F —specific substances, 64.30 Equilibrium constants, 82.60.H Erosion (geophysics), 92.40.G Errata, 99.10 Error theory, 06.20.D Eruptions, 91.40.F ESCA, 82.80.P Estuarine oceanography, 92.10.S Etalons, 42.79.B Etch pits, 61.72.F Etching, 81.65.C —plasma-assisted, 52.75.R Euclidean field theory, 11.10.C Euclidean geometries, 02.40.D Europe, 93.30.G Eutectic structure, 81.30 Evaporation —black holes, 04.70.D —field-induced, 79.70 —film deposition, 81.15.E —fluid surfaces, 68.10.J —hydrology, 92.40.J —solid–fluid interfaces, 68.45.D —water in atmosphere, 92.60.J EXAFS —biophysics and-medical physics, 87.64.F —condensed-matter, 61.10.H Exchange interactions —energy-level splitting, 71.70.G —magnetically ordered-materials, 75.30.E Exchange reactions, chemical, 82.30.H Excimer lasers, 42.55.L Excited states —atomic and-molecular, 31.50 —electron correlation in, 31.25.J —Rydberg states —atoms, 32.80.R —molecules, 33.80.R —scattering in, 34.60 —solids, 71.10.L Excitons, 71.35 Exoelectron emission, 79.75 Exosphere, 94.10 Exotic atoms and-molecules, 36.10 Exploding-wires, 52.80.Q Explosions —chemical reactions, 82.40.P —compressible flows, 47.40 —electric discharges, 52.80.Q —nuclear, 28.70 —seismology, 91.30.R —underwater, *43.30.L Extinction coefficients, optical, 78.20.C Extranuclear effects, 23.20.N Extrusion, 81.20.H, 83.50.Y Eye, 42.66 F Back to top F region, ionosphere, 94.20.J Fabry–Perot interferometer, 07.60.L Faculae, 96.60.Q Faddeev equation, 11.80.J Failure analysis, integrated circuits, 85.40.Q Familons, 14.80.M Faraday cups, 41.85.Q Faraday effect, 33.55.A, 78.20.L Fatigue —effects of-materials treatment, 81.40.N —mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.M —structural-mechanics, 46.30.N Faults, plate tectonics, 91.45.V Femtosecond techniques, 06.60.J, 42.65.R, 78.47 Fermi–Dirac statistics, 05.30 Fermi fluids (see 67) Fermi-gas theory, 71.10.C Fermi liquid —marginal, 74.20.M —theory, 71.10.A Fermi surfaces, 71.18 Fermions —composite, 71.10.P —statistical-mechanics, 05.30.F Ferrimagnetic resonance, 76.50 Ferrimagnetics, 75.50.G Ferrite devices, 85.70.G Ferrites, 75.50.G Ferroelasticity, 62.20.D Ferroelectric devices, 85.50 Ferroelectricity, 77.80 Ferromagnetic-materials —iron and its alloys, 75.50.B —metals other than iron, 75.50.C —nonmetals, 75.50.D Ferromagnetic resonance, 76.50 Few-body systems, 21.45 Fiber gyros, 42.81.P Fiber lasers, 42.55.W Fiber-optic instruments, 07.60.V Fiber-optic sensors, 42.81.P Fiber optics, 42.81 Fiber-reinforced composites, 81.05.N Fibers, synthetic and natural, 81.05.L Field desorption, 79.70 Field effect devices, 85.30.T Field emission, 79.70 Field-emission displays, 85.45.F Field-emission-microscopy, 61.16.F Field emitters and arrays, 85.45.B Field-ion-microscopy, 61.16.F Field ionization, 79.70 Field theory, 11.10 —classical, 03.50 —gauge, 11.15 —quantized fields, 03.70 —unified, 04.50, 12.10 Figure of-merit, 84.60.B Films —conductivity, 73.50, 73.61 —deposition-methods, 81.15 —dielectric, 77.55 —Langmuir–Blodgett, 68.18 —liquid, 68.15 —magnetic, 75.70 —optical properties, 78.66 —photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.D —quantum fluids, 67.70 —superconducting, 74.76 —superfluid helium-4, 67.40.R —surface reactions, 82.65.F Films (educational aids), 01.50.F Filters —electronic, 84.30.V —optical, 42.79.C Fine structure —atoms, 32.10.F —molecules, 33.15.P Finite-difference-methods —atomic and-molecular physics, 31.15.F —mathematical-methods, 02.70.B Finite element analysis, 02.70.D Finite groups, 02.20.D Fire-hose instability, 52.35.P First sound (quantum fluids), 67.40.M Fission–fusion reactions, 25.70.J Fission reactors —design and components, 28.41 —types of, 28.52 Flames, 82.40.P Flare stars, 97.30.N Flavor symmetries, 11.30.H Flow computation —fluid dynamics, 47.11 —rheology, 83.85.P Flow control, 47.62 Flowmeters, 47.80 Fluctuation phenomena —diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H —magnetically ordered-materials, 75.30.M —nuclear reactions, 24.60.K —plasma, 52.25.G —quantum optics, 42.50.L —statistical physics, 05.40 —superconductors, 74.40 Fluid dynamics, 03.40.G, 47 Fluid equation (plasma simulation), 52.65.K Fluid flows —biorheology, 87.45 —buoyant, 47.32 —compressible, 47.40 —in ducts, channels, and conduits, 47.60 —flow control, 47.62 —general-mathematical aspects, 03.40.G —instruments, 47.80 —laminar, 47.15 —non-Newtonian, 47.50 —nonhomogeneous, 47.55 —nonlinear fluids, 83.10.J —quantum fluids, 67.40.H —rarefied gas dynamics, 47.45 —reactive, radiative and nonequilibrium, 47.70 —relativistic, 47.75 —rotational, 47.32 —through porous-media, 47.55.M Fluid–fluid interfaces, 68.10 Fluid surfaces, 68.10 Fluids —electrorheological and-magnetorheological, 83.80.G —mechanical properties, 47.17 —quantum (see 67) Fluorescence —atoms, 32.50 —condensed-matter, 78.55 —molecules, 33.50.D —x-ray, 78.70.E Fluorescence spectroscopy (biophysics and-medical physics), 87.64.N Fluoroscopy, 87.59.C Flute instability, 52.35.P Flux-line lattices, 74.60.G Flux pinning and creep, 74.60.G Foams, 82.70.R —rheology, 83.70.H Fog —atmospheric optics, 42.68.G —meteorology, 92.60.J Fokker–Planck equation —kinetic theory of gases, 51.10 —plasma simulation, 52.65.F —statistical-mechanics, 05.20 Folds, tectonic, 91.45.T Food, rheology of, 83.80.L Forces —interatomic, 34.20.C —intermolecular, 34.20.G —measurement of, 07.10.P —nuclear, 21.30 Form factors —electromagnetic, 13.40.G —photon–atom interactions, 32.80.C Formation heat, 82.60.C Forming, 81.20.H Fossil fuels, energy resources, 89.30 Four-wave-mixing, 42.65.H, K Fourier analysis, 02.30.N Fourier optics, 42.30.K Fourier transform spectra, 32.30, 33.20, 78.30, 78.40 Fractals —fluid dynamics, 47.53 —phase transitions, 64.60.A —structure of disordered solids, 61.43.H Fractional-quantum Hall effect, 73.40.H Fracture —effects of-materials treatments, 81.40.N —mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.M —plate tectonics, 91.45.V —rheology, 83.50.T —rock-mechanics, 91.60.B —structural-mechanics, 46.30.N Fragmentation (nuclear reactions), 25.70.M, P Franck–Condon factors, 33.70.C Free-electron lasers, 41.60.C Free-electron plasma devices, 52.75.M Free energy, 05.70.C, 51.30, 65.50 Free-induction decay (quantum optics), 42.50.M Free-molecular flows, 47.45.D Free radicals —chemical reactions, 82.30.C —EPR of, 76.30.R Frenkel defects, 61.72.J Frenkel excitons, 71.35.A Frequency,-measurement of, 06.30.F Frequency conversion (nonlinear optics), 42.65.K Frequency convertors, optical, 42.79.N Frequency standards, 06.20.F —astronomical instrumentation, 95.55.S Fresnel-zone plates, 42.79.C Friction —internal, 62.40 —evidence of dislocations, 61.72.H —materials treatment effects, 81.40.P —structural-mechanics, 46.30.P Friction force-microscopy, 07.79.S Fuel —for fission reactors, 28.41.B —for fusion reactors, 28.52.C Fuel cells (energy conversion), 84.60.D Fullerenes and related-materials —absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.R —electrical conductivity, 72.80.R —electronic structure, 71.20.T —fabrication, 81.15.T —infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.N —structure, 61.48 —superconductivity, 74.70.W —thin films —electrical conductivity, 73.61.W —optical properties, 78.66.T Function generators, 84.30.N Functional analysis, 02.30 —quantum-mechanics, 03.65.D Functional approximation, algorithms for, 02.60.G Fundamental constants, 06.20.J Furnaces, 07.20.H Fuses, 84.32.V Fusion —cold (see "Cold" fusion) —2H-induced, 25.45 —heavy-ion induced, 25.70.J —inertial confinement —heavy-ion, 52.58.H —laser, 52.58.N —light-ion, 52.58.E —magnetic confinement, 52.55 —reactions induced by unstable nuclei, 25.60.P Fusion–fission reactions, 25.70.J Fusion reactors, 28.52 Fuzzy logic, 07.05.M G Back to top g-factor, 32.10.F, 33.15.P, 71.18 Galactic center, 98.35.J Galactic clusters, 98.65 Galactic-mass, 98.60.F Galactic-winds, 98.35.N, 98.62.N Galaxies —active, 98.54 —local groups, 98.56 —normal, 98.52 —properties, 98.62 Galerkin-method, 02.70.D Galvanomagnetic effects —metals and alloys, 72.15.G —semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.M —thin films, 73.50.J Galvanometers, 07.50.Y Game theory, 02.50.L Gamma-ray lasers, 42.55.V Gamma-ray spectroscopy —chemical analysis, 82.80.E —condensed-matter, 76.80 —nuclear physics, 29.30.K Gamma-ray telescopes, 95.55.K Gamma rays —astronomical observations, 95.85.P —biological effects of, 87.50.G —instruments and techniques, 07.85 —radiation damage by, 61.80.E —sources (astronomical), 98.70.R Gamma transitions, 23.20.L Garnet devices, 85.70.G Garnets (ferrites), 75.50.G Gas chromatography, 82.80.B Gas-filled counters, 29.40.C Gas lasers, 42.55.L Gas sensors, 07.07.D Gas–surface interactions, 34.50.D, 82.65.P Gases —interplanetary, 96.50.D —physical properties (see 51) —rarefied, dynamics of, 47.45 —weakly ionized, electron scattering in, 34.80.M Gauge bosons, 14.70 Gauge field theories, 11.15 Gauge sector extensions (electroweak interactions), 12.60.C Gels, 82.70.G —thermoreversible, 83.70.H General physics, 01.55 General relativity (see 04) Generators —magnetohydrodynamic, 52.75.F —nuclear reactors, 28.50.M —pulse, 84.30.N Geochemical cycles, 91.65.B Geochemistry —isotopic composition, 91.65.D —low-temperature, 91.65.F —major element composition, 91.65.V —organic, 91.65.H —trace elements, 91.65.N Geochronology, 91.35.N Geodesy, 91.10 Geodetic reference systems, 91.10.W Geoelectricity, 91.25.Q Geographical regions, 93.30 Geological-materials (rheology), 83.80.L Geological time, 91.70 Geology, 91.65 Geomagnetic field, 91.25 Geometric inequalities, 02.40.F Geometrical optics, 42.15 Geometry —algebraic, 02.10.R —differential, 02.40.H, M —Euclidean and projective, 02.40.D —Riemannian, 02.40.K Geophysical instrumentation, 93.85 Geophysical prospecting (acoustical-methods), *43.40.P Geophysics (see 91) Geothermy, 91.35.D Germanium, doping and ion implantation of, 61.72.T Gettering effect —crystals, 61.72.Y —surface treatments, 81.65.T Giant-magnetoresistance, 75.70.P Giant resonances (nuclear reactions), 24.30.C Giant stars, 97.20.L Ginzburg–Landau theory, 74.20.D Glaciers, 92.40.V Glass-based composites, preparation of, 81.05.P Glass transitions, 64.70.P Glasses —electrical conductivity, 72.80.N —electronic structure, 71.23.C —magnetic, 75.50.K —optical-materials, 42.70.C —preparation, 81.05.K —structure, 61.43.F —thin films —electrical conductivity, 73.61.J —optical properties, 78.66.J Glauber-model, 24.10.H Glauber scattering, 11.80.L Global analysis, 02.40.V Global change, 92.70 Globular clusters, 98.20.G Glow discharge, 52.80.H Gluons, 14.70.D —in nuclei, 24.85 Gradient-index (GRIN) devices, 42.79.R —fiber-optical, 42.81.H Grain boundaries, 61.72.M Grand unified theories, 12.10.D Granular-materials —preparation, 81.05.R —rheology, 83.70.F —superconductivity, 74.80.B Graph theory, 02.10 Graphite, 81.05.T Grasers, 42.55.V Gratings —holographic, 42.40.E —in nonlinear optics, 42.65.H —optical elements, 42.79.D Gravimeters, 04.80.N Gravitation —astrophysics, 95.30.S —general theory (see 04) Gravitational constant, 06.20.J, 04.80, 95.30.F Gravitational lenses, 95.30.S, 98.62.S Gravitational-microlensing, 95.30.S, 98.35.G, J, 98.62.S Gravitational-waves —astronomical observations, 95.85.S —detectors, 04.80.N, 95.55.Y —theory, 04.30 Gravity —Earth, 91.10 —experimental test of gravitational theories, 04.80.C —Moon, 96.20.J —in-more than four dimensions, 04.50 —planets, 96.35.F —plate tectonics, 91.45.S —quantum, 04.60 —self-gravitating systems, 04.40 —supergravity, 04.65 Gravity-waves —aeronomy, 94.10.J —meteorology, 92.60.D Greenhouse effect, 92.70 Greenland, 93.30.K Green's functions, 02.30 GRIN devices, 42.79.R, 42.81.H Groundwater, 92.40.K Group theory —atomic and-molecular physics, 31.15.H —mathematics, 02.20 —nuclear physics, 21.60.F —quantum-mechanics, 03.65.F Gunn effect devices, 85.30.F Gyrofluid and gyrokinetic plasma simulations, 52.65.T Gyros, fiber-optical, 42.81.P Gyroscopes, 07.10.Y Gyrotrons, 84.40.I H Back to top H I and H II regions —external galaxies, 98.58.G, H —Milky Way, 98.38.G, H Hadamard transforms, 42.30.V Hadron-mass-models, 12.40.Y Hadronic decays —baryons, 13.30.E —mesons, 13.25 Hadrons —interactions induced by —high and super-high energy, 13.85 —low and intermediate energy, 13.75 —mass-models, 12.40.Y —neutrino interactions-with, 13.15 —nuclear forces, 21.30.F —photon and charged-lepton interactions-with, 13.60 —production by electron–positron collisions, 13.65 —properties —baryons, 14.20 —mesons, 14.40 Haemodynamics, 87.45.H Haemorheology, 83.80.L Hall effect —quantum, 73.40.H —semiconductors, 72.20.M —thin films, 73.50.J Hall effect devices, 85.30.F Handbooks, 01.30.K Hardening, 81.40.C, E Hardness —solids, 62.20.Q, 81.40.N —structural-mechanics, 46.30.P Harmonic generation (nonlinear optics), 42.65.K Harmonic oscillators, 03.65.G Hartree–Fock approximation —electronic structure of atoms and-molecules, 31.15.N —electronic structure of solids, 71.15.F —nuclear-structure-models, 21.60.J Hawking effects, 04.60 Hearing, 43.66 Hearing aids, 43.66.T Heat —pulse propagation in solids, 66.70 Heat capacity —chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.F —liquids, 65.20 —at-magnetic critical points, 75.40.C —solids, 65.40 Heat engines, 07.20.P Heat pumps, 07.20.P Heat transfer —convective, 44.25 —Earth's interior, 91.35.D —inhomogeneous and porous-media, 44.30 —phenomenology, 44.10 —radiative, 44.40 —turbulent flows, 47.27.T Heat treatments, effects on-microstructure, 81.40.G Heaters, 07.20.H Heavy-fermion solids —diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H —electron states, 71.27 —magnetically ordered-materials, 75.30.M —superconductivity, 74.70.T Heavy-ion nuclear reactions —low and intermediate energy, 25.70 —relativistic, 25.75 Heavy-ion spectroscopy, 29.30 Heavy-particle decay, 23.70 Heavy-particle dosimetry, 87.53.P, Q Heavy-quark theory, 12.39.H Heisenberg-model, 75.10.J Helicity amplitudes, 11.80.C Helicons —bulk-matter, 72.30 —thin films, 73.50.M Helioseismology, 96.60.L Helium —liquid-mixtures, 67.60 —solid, 67.80 —spin-polarized, 67.65 Helium-3 —normal phase, 67.55 —nuclear reactions, induced by, 25.55 —superfluid phase, 67.57 Helium-4 —normal phase, 67.20 —nuclear reactions, induced by, 25.55 —superfluid phase, 67.40 Herbig–Haro objects, 97.21 Heterostructures —electrical properties, 73.40 —electron states, 73.20.D —magnetic properties, 75.70.C —optical properties, 78.66 —photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.J —structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 —superconductivity, 74.80.D Higgs bosons —non-standard-model, 14.80.C —standard-model, 14.80.B Higgs sector extensions (electroweak interactions), 12.60.F High-coercivity-materials, 75.50.V High-current technology, 84.70 High-energy physics (see 10, 20) High-energy reactions (hadron-induced), 13.85 High-field effects, 72.20.H, 73.50.F High-frequency discharges, 52.80.P High-frequency effects —bulk-matter, 72.30 —thin films, 73.50.M High-pressure effects —mechanical properties of solids, 62.50 —structural properties of-materials, 81.40.V High pressure production and techniques, 07.35 High-speed techniques (microsecond to femtosecond), 06.60.J High-Tc superconductors —critical currents, 74.60.J —devices, 85.25 —films, 74.76.B —flux pinning, 74.60.G —general properties, 74.25 —materials, 74.70, 74.72 —spatially inhomogeneous structures, 74.80 —theory, 74.20 —transition temperature, 74.10, 74.62 High-temperature techniques and instrumentation, 07.20.K High-voltage diodes, 52.75.P High-voltage technology, 84.70 Higher education, 01.40.G Historical notes, 01.60 History of science, 01.65 Hole burning —atomic spectra, 32.30 —condensed-matter, 78.40 —molecular spectra, 33.20 Holograms —computer generated, 42.40.J —volume, 42.40.P Holographic optical elements, 42.40.E Holography —acoustical, *43.35.S, *43.60.S —electron, 61.14.N —optical, 42.40 —recording-materials, 42.70.L Homological algebra, 02.10.W Hopping, 72.20.F, 73.50.F Hot atom reactions, 82.55 Hot carriers, 72.20.H, 73.50.F Hot-working, 81.40.G Hubbard-model —electronic structure, 71.10.F —magnetic ordering, 75.10.J —superconductivity, 74.20 Hubble Space Telescope, 95.55.F Hückel calculations (molecular structure), 31.15.C Humidity, 92.60.J Hybrid integrated circuits —electronic, 85.40 —optical, 42.82.F Hydraulic fluids, 83.80 Hydrodynamic-models, nuclear reactions, 24.10.N Hydrodynamic stability, 47.20 Hydrodynamic-waves, 47.35 Hydrodynamics —astrophysical applications, 95.30.L —helium-3 —normal phase, 67.55.F —superfluid phase, 67.57.D —helium-4 —superfluid phase, 67.40.H —superfluidity, 47.37 Hydroelasticity, 46.30.M Hydrogen, spin-polarized, 67.65 Hydrogen bonding —chemical reactions, 82.30.N —molecules, 33.15.F Hydrography, 92.10.Y Hydrology, 92.40 Hydromagnetic plasma instability, 52.35.P Hydrophones, 43.38.P Hydrosphere, 92 Hygrometry, 07.07.V Hyperfine interactions, 31.30.G Hyperfine structure —atoms, 32.10.F —molecules, 33.15.P Hypernuclei, 21.80 Hyperon-induced reactions and scattering, 25.80.P Hyperon–nucleon reactions and scattering, 13.75.E Hyperonic atoms and-molecules, 36.10.G Hyperons, 14.20.J Hypersonic flows, 47.40.K Hyperspherical-methods (atomic physics), 31.15.J Hyperthermia, 87.54.B Hysteresis —ferroelectricity, 77.80.D —magnetism, 75.60 I Back to top Ice —hydrology, 92.60.S —rheology, 83.80.N —sea, 92.10.R ICR plasma heating, 52.50.G Image convertors, 42.79.L Image forming, 42.30.V —atmospheric optics, 42.68.S Image intensifiers, 42.79.L Image processing —algorithms, 07.05.P —in astronomy, 95.75.M —in-medicine, 87.59 —in optics, 42.30 Image reconstruction, 42.30.W Imaging detectors —in astronomy, 95.55.A —optical devices, 42.79.P Impact ionization (conductivity) —semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.H —thin films, 73.50.F Impedance —acoustic, *43.20.R, *43.25.S —measurement of, *43.58.B —electrical, 84.37 Impurities —absorption spectra, 78.40 —in crystals, 61.72.S —diffusion, 66.30.J —effects on superconductivity, 74.62.D —electron states, 71.55 —surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.H —EPR spectra, 76.30 —in helium —normal phase of helium-3, 67.55.L —solid, 67.80.M —superfluid helium-3, 67.57.P —superfluid helium-4, 67.40.Y —implantation, 61.72.T, V, W —magnetic, 75.30.H —in plasma, 52.25.V —in solid surfaces and solid–solid interfaces, 68.35.D —in thin films, 68.55.L In-beam spectroscopy (nuclear physics) (see 23) Inclusions, 61.72.Q Incommensurate solids, 61.44.F Indian Ocean, 93.30.N INDO calculations, 31.15.C Inductance-measurement, 84.37 Inductors, 84.32.H Industrial laser applications, 42.62.C Industrial-materials (rheology), 83.80.P Industrial research and development, 89.20 Inelastic scattering —atoms and-molecules, 34.50 —deuteron-induced reactions, 25.45.D —hadron-induced reactions, 13.85 —lepton-induced reactions, 25.30 —meson-induced reactions, 25.80.E —nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40.F —triton-, helium-3-, and helium-4-induced reactions, 25.55.C Inertial confinement, 52.58.E, H, N Inflationary universe, 98.80.C Information science, 89.70 Infrared detectors, 07.57.K, 85.60.G —superconducting, 85.25.P Infrared optical-materials, 42.70.K Infrared radiation —astronomical observations, 95.85 —biological effects, 87.50.H —galactic and extra-galactic, 98.70.L —interstellar, 98.38.J, 98.58.J —in plasma, 52.25.R —sources, 42.72.A —surface irradiation effects, 61.80.B Infrared sources, 07.57.H Infrared spectra —atoms, 32.30.B —condensed-matter, 78.30 —macro- and polymer-molecules, 36.20.N —molecules, 33.20.E Infrared spectrometers, 07.57.T Infrared spectroscopy —biophysics and-medical physics, 87.64.J —chemical analysis, 82.80.C Infrasound, *43.28.D Initial value problem, 04.20.E Injection lasers, 42.55.P Injection-molding, 83.50.C Inner-shell ionization, 32.80.H Inorganic compounds —band structure, 71.20.P —structure of, 61.66.F Institutes, 01.10.F Instruments —acoustical, 43.58 —for aeronomy and-magnetospheric physics, 94.80 —for astronomy, 95.55 —for atomic and-molecular physics (see 39) —for biophysics, 87.80 —common to several branches of physics and astronomy (see 07) —for elementary-particle and nuclear physics (see 29) —environmental effects on, 07.89 —for environmental pollution-measurements, 07.88 —for fluid dynamics, 47.80 —for geophysics, 93.85 —musical, 43.75 —for plasma diagnostics, 52.70 —spaceborne and space research, 07.87 Insulator–metal transitions, 71.30 Insulator–superconductor transitions, 74.20.M Insulators —absorption spectra, 78.40.H —band structure, 71.20.P —conductivity, 72.20 —specific insulators, 72.80.S —dielectric devices, 85.50 —photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.B —radiation effects, 61.82.M —thin films (conductivity), 73.61.N Integral equations, 02.30.R Integral transforms, 02.30.Q Integrated circuits, 85.40 —superconducting, 85.25.N Integrated optics, 42.82 Integrodifferential equations, 02.60.N Interatomic distances and angles, 33.15.D Interatomic potentials and forces, 34.20.C Intercalation compounds, 71.20.T Interconnects —electrical, 84.32.D —integrated electronics, 85.40.L —integrated optics, 42.82.D —optical, 42.79.T Interdiffusion, chemical, 66.30.N Interfaces —biological-membranes, 87.22.B —electron states, 73.20 —electronic transport, 73.40 —fluid–fluid, 68.10 —magnetic properties, 75.70.C —solid–fluid, 68.45 —solid–solid, 68.35 —structure and roughness, 68.35.C —thermodynamic properties, 82.65.D Interfacial flows, 83.50.L Interfacial tension, 68.10.C Interference, optical, 42.25.H Interferometers, 07.60.L Interferometry —in astronomy, 95.55.B, 95.75.K —atomic, 03.75.D —holographic, 42.40.K —neutron, 03.75.D —phase-shifting, 42.87.B Intermediate bosons, decays of, 13.38 Intermediate-valence solids —diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H —electron states, 71.28 —magnetic ordering, 75.30.M Intermetallic compounds, electronic structure of, 71.20.L Intermolecular potentials and forces, 34.20.G Internal conversion, nuclei, 23.20.N Internal friction —evidence of dislocations, 61.72.H —mechanical properties of solids, 62.40 International laboratory facilities, 01.52 International programs, geophysics, 93.55 Interplanetary-matter, 96.50.D Interpolation, 02.60.E Interstellar-matter —external galaxies, 98.38 —Milky Way, 98.38 Interstitials, 61.72.J Intracellular processes (biophysics), 87.22.B Intramolecular dynamics, 34.30 Inverse photoemission spectroscopy, 78.70 Inversion layers, 73.20, 73.40 Inviscid flows, 47.15.K Inviscid instability, 47.20.C Ion-acoustic-waves (plasma), 52.35.F, Q Ion beam-assisted deposition, 81.15.J Ion beam epitaxy, 81.15.H Ion-beam lithography, 85.40.H Ion beams —negative, 41.75.C —positive, 41.75.A Ion-cyclotron resonance plasma heating, 52.50.G Ion-cyclotron-waves (plasma), 52.35.H, Q Ion emission, secondary, 79.20.R Ion exchange —chromatography, 82.80.B —surface processes, 82.65.F Ion-exchange resins, 83.80 Ion implantation —germanium and silicon, 61.72.T —III–V and II–VI semiconductors, 61.72.V —plasma sources for, 52.75.R —thin films, 68.55.L —VLSI technology, 85.40.R Ion-microscopes, 07.78 —structure determination, 61.16.F Ion–molecule collisions, 34.50 Ion–molecule reactions, 82.30.F Ion optics, 41.85 Ion plating, 81.15.J Ion scattering, 61.18.B Ion sources, 07.77.K —in nuclear physics, 29.25.L, N Ion spectrometers, 07.81 Ion–surface impact, 34.50.D, 79.20.R Ion traps, 32.80.P, 33.80.P, 42.50.V, 39.10 Ionic conduction —liquids, 66.10.E —nonmetals, 66.30.H —solids, 66.30.D Ionic interactions, atmospheric, 92.60.L Ionization —atoms —by atom,-molecule, and ion impact, 34.50.F —by electron impact, 34.80.D —field, 79.70 —molecules —by atom,-molecule, and ion impact, 34.50.G —by electron impact, 34.80.G —photochemistry, 82.50 —plasma, 52.25.J Ionization chambers, 29.40.C Ionization potentials —atoms, 32.10.H —molecules, 33.15.R Ionized cluster beam deposition, 81.15.J Ionizing radiations, biological effects of, 87.50.G Ionoluminescence, 78.60.H Ionosphere —Earth, 94.20 —instrumentation for, 94.80 —planets, 96.35.K —polar cap, 94.20.K Ions —atomic —electronic structure (see 31) —atomic, properties of, 32.10 —molecular —electronic structure (see 31) —properties of, 33.15 —photodetachment, 32.80.G —photoionization, 32.80.F —surface neutralization, 34.50.D Iron and its alloys, ferromagnetism of, 75.50.B Irradiation effects —biological, 87.50 —on instruments, 07.89 —on optical devices, 42.88 —in solids, 61.80 Irreducible representations, 02.20.Q Irreversible processes, 05.70.L Ising-model —lattice theory, 05.50 —magnetic ordering, 75.10.H Island structure, thin films, 68.55.J Islands, geographical regions, 93.30.K Isobaric analog resonances, 24.30.G Isobaric spin, 21.10.H Isomerism —biomolecules, 87.15.B —macromolecules and polymer-molecules, 36.20.E —rotational, 33.15.H Isomerization reactions, 82.30.Q Isostasy —crustal-movements, 91.45.P —relations to gravity observations, 91.45.S Isotope effects —atoms and-molecules, 31.30.G —chemical reactions, 82.20.T Isotopes, 32.10.B —abundances and evolution, 26.45 —radioactive, sources of, 29.25.R —separation and enrichment, 28.60 Iterative-methods, 02.60 J Back to top Jahn–Teller effect —atoms and-molecules, 31.30 —condensed-matter, 71.70.E Jets —galactic, 98.62.N —interstellar-matter, 98.38.F, 98.58.F —in large-Q2 scattering, 13.87 —oceanic, 92.10.T —turbulent flows, 47.27.W Joining, 81.20.V Josephson devices, 85.25.C Josephson effects, 74.50 Joule–Thomson effect, 51.30 Jovian satellites, 96.30.K Junction breakdown devices, 85.30.M Junction diodes, 85.30.K Jupiter, 96.30.K K Back to top Kaluza–Klein theory, 04.50 Kaon–baryon interactions, 13.75.J Kaon decays —hadronic, 13.25.E —leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20.E Kaon-induced reactions and scattering, 25.80.N Kapitza resistance, 67.40.P KDP crystals, 77.84.F Kerr effect, 33.55.F, 78.20.J Kinematics, 03.20 Kinetic theory —gases, 51.10 —plasma, 52.25.D —statistical-mechanics, 05.20.D Kink instability, 52.35.P Klystrons, 84.40.F Knight shift, 76.60.C Knock-on reactions, 24.50 (see also 25.40.H, 25.45.H, 25.55.H, 25.60.J, 25.70.H) Knudsen flow, 47.45 Kobayashi–Maskawa-matrix, 12.15.H Kondo effect —diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.H —electronic conduction in-metals and alloys, 72.15.Q —electronic transport, theory of, 72.10.F Kondo lattice, 75.30.M Kosterlitz–Thouless transition —liquid crystals, 64.70.M —magnetic systems, 75.30.K Kronig–Penney-model, 71.15.A L Back to top Labeling (nuclear-medicine), 87.59.Q Laboratory —course design, 01.50.Q —demonstration experiments, 01.50.P —procedures, 06.60 Laboratory facilities, national and international, 01.52 Lagrangians —chiral (quark-models), 12.39.F —field theory, 11.10.E —general relativity, 04.20.F Laminar flows, 47.15, 83.50 laminar to turbulent transition, 47.27.C, 47.15.F Landau levels, 71.70.D Langmuir–Blodgett films —deposition, 81.15.L —structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.18 Lanthanum-based high-Tc superconductors, 74.72.D Laplace equation, 41.20.C Laplace transforms, 02.30 Larson equation, 83.20 Laser ablation, 79.20.D —film deposition, 81.15.F Laser beam annealing, 61.72.C, 61.80.B Laser beam-machining, 42.62.C Laser diodes, 42.55.P Laser Doppler velocimeters, 42.79.Q Laser-materials, 42.70.H Laser-modified scattering —of atoms and-molecules, 34.50.R —of electrons, 34.80.Q Laser operation —continuous, 42.60.P —long-pulse, 42.60.R Laser-produced plasma, 52.50.J Laser radiation —biological effects, 87.50.H —characteristics, 42.60.J —impact phenomena, 79.20.D —interactions in plasma, 52.40.N —propagation (atmospheric optics), 42.68 —surface irradiation effects, 61.80.B Laser range finders, 42.79.Q, 06.30.G Laser spectroscopy, 42.62.F —condensed-matter, 78.47 Laser velocimeters, 42.79.Q, 06.30.G Lasers —applications, 42.62 —general theory of, 42.55.A —optical systems, 42.60 —types of, 42.55 Latent heat, 05.70.C, 65.50 Latex rubber, 83.80.D Lattice dynamics —crystals (see 63) —solid helium, 67.80.C Lattice fermion-models, 71.10.F Lattice gauge theory, 11.15.H Lattice QCD calculations, 12.38.G Lattice theory and statistics, 05.50 Lava, 91.40.H Laves phases (superconductivity), 74.70.A Leak detectors (vacuum technology), 07.30.H Least square approximation, 02.50 Lectures —announcements, 01.10.F —publications, 01.30.B LEED, 61.14.H Length-measurement, 06.30.B Lenses —acoustical, *43.58.L —design, 42.15.E —electrostatic, 41.85.N —gravitational, 95.30.S —optical, 42.79.B Leonov-model (rheology), 83.20 Lepton number, 11.30.F Leptons —beta decay, 23.40 —decays, 13.35 —in decays —of baryons, 13.30.C —of-mesons, 13.20 —inclusive production in hadronic interactions, 13.85.Q —interactions-with hadrons, 13.60 —masses and-mixing (electroweak interactions), 12.15.F —nuclear reactions, 25.30 —properties, 14.60 —weak and electromagnetic interactions, 13.10 Level crossing —atoms, 32.80.B —molecules, 33.80.B Level splitting —atoms, 32.60 —molecules, 33.55.B —solids, 71.70 Levitation, acoustic, *43.25.U Levitation devices,-magnetic, 85.70.R —superconducting, 85.25.L LIDAR, 42.68.W, 42.79.Q Lie algebra, 02.10.S Lie groups, 02.20.T Lifetimes —atomic spectra, 32.70.C —molecular spectra, 33.70.C —nuclear energy levels, 21.10.T Ligand fields, 71.70.C Light —biological effects of, 87.50.H —interaction-with-matter, 42.50.C —mechanical effects on atoms and-molecules, 32.80.L, 42.50.V —underwater, 92.10.P —zodiacal, 96.50.D Light absorption and transmission, 42.25.B —effects of atomic coherence on, 42.50.G Light-emitting diodes, 85.60.J Light pressure, 42.50.V Light scattering —atmospheric optics, 42.68.M, 94.10.G —condensed-matter, 78.35 —plasma, 52.25.Q, R —wave optics, 42.25.F Light-sensitive-materials, 42.70.G Light sources, 42.72 Lightning, 52.80.M Limiters. electronic, 84.30.Q Limnology, 92.40.N Line shape and-width, 32.70.J, 33.70.J Linear accelerators, 29.17 Linear energy transfer (medical physics), 87.50.L Lipid bilayers, 87.22.B Liquid crystals —defects, 61.30.J —dielectric properties, 77.84.N —displays, 42.79.K —optical devices, 42.79.K —optical-materials, 42.70.D —orientation, 61.30.G —phase transitions, 64.70.M —rheology, 83.70.J —structure, 61.30.C, E Liquid–glass transitions, 64.70.P Liquid helium (see 67) Liquid–liquid transitions, 64.70.J Liquid-metals and alloys —electrical and thermal conduction, 72.15.C —electronic structure, 71.22 —structure, 61.25.M Liquid-phase epitaxy, 81.15.L Liquid semiconductors —conductivity, 72.80.P —electron density of states, 71.22 Liquid–solid transitions, 64.70.D Liquid thin films, 68.15 Liquid–vapor transitions, 64.70.F Liquids —acoustical properties, 62.60 —associated, 61.20.Q —dielectric properties, 77.84.N —diffusion in, 66.10.C —electric discharge in, 52.80.W —heat capacities, 65.20 —heterogeneous, 83.70.H —homogeneous, 83.70.G —infrared spectra, 78.30.C —ionic conduction in, 66.10.E —magnetic, 75.50.M —mechanical properties, 62.10 —molecular, 61.25.E —noble gas, 61.25.B —osmosis, 66.10.C —photoluminescence, 78.55.B —pressure effects, 62.50 —Raman spectra, 78.30.C —structure, 61.20, 61.25 —thermal conduction, 66.60 —ultraviolet spectra, 78.40.D —visible spectra, 78.40.D Lithography —integrated electronics, 85.40.H —integrated optics, 42.82.C Lithosphere, rheology of, 91.10.R Lithotripsy, 87.51 Local-density approximation —atomic and-molecular physics, 31.15.E —condensed-matter, 71.15.M Local Group, 98.56 Localization —disordered structures, 71.23, 71.55.J —lattice dynamics, 63.20.P —quantum (conductivity in-metals and alloys), 72.15.R —sound sources, *43.66.Q —superconductivity, 74.40 —surface and interface electron states, 73.20.F Logic,-mathematical, 02.10.B Logic devices —optical, 42.79.T —superconducting, 85.25.H Lorentz invariance, 11.30.C Lorentz transformation, 03.30 Loudspeakers, 93.58 Low-dimensional-quantum structures —devices, 85.30.V —electrical properties, 73.61 —electron states, 73.20.D —optical properties, 78.66 —structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 Low energy electron diffraction (LEED), 61.14.H Low-mass nuclear reactions, 25.10 Low temperature techniques, 07.20.M LSI, 85.40 Lubrication —effects of-materials treatment, 81.40.P —rheology, 83.50 Luminescence spectra —atoms, 32.50 —biomolecules, 87.15.M —condensed-matter, 78.60 —molecules, 33.50 Luminosity —galaxies, 98.62.Q —stellar, 97.10.R Lunar probes, 95.55.P Luttinger liquid, 71.10.P —superconductivity, 74.20.M Lyapunov-methods (control theory), 02.30.W M Back to top Mach number, 47.40 Machining —materials, 81.20.W —workshop techniques, 06.60.V Macromolecules —biological, 87.15 —properties, 36.20 —solutions, 61.25.H Macroscopic-quantum tunneling (magnetic systems), 74.75 Macrosonics, 43.25 Magellanic clouds, 98.56.S Magma (rheology), 83.80.N Magnetic aftereffects, 75.60.L Magnetic anisotropy, 75.30.G Magnetic annealing, 75.60.N Magnetic bubbles, 75.70.K Magnetic circular dichroism —biophysics and-medical physics, 87.64.N —condensed-matter, 78.20.L —molecules, 33.55.A Magnetic confinement and equilibrium, 52.55 Magnetic cooling —cryogenics, 07.20.M —magnetocaloric effect, 75.30.S Magnetic coordinate systems, 94.30.B Magnetic cores, 85.70 Magnetic devices, 85.70 Magnetic domains, 75.60.C —films, 75.70.K Magnetic fields —astronomical observations, 95.85.S —biological effects, 87.40 —electromagnetism, 41.20 —external galaxies, 98.62.E —generation of, 07.55.D —lunar, 96.20.J —magnetospheric, 94.30.M —measurement of, 07.55.G —Milky Way, 98.35.E —planetary, 96.35.P —solar, 96.60.H —solar-wind, 96.50.B —stellar, 97.10.L —terrestrial, 91.25 Magnetic force-microscopy, 07.79.P —structure determination, 61.16.C Magnetic heads, 85.70.K Magnetic hysteresis, 76.60.E Magnetic impurity interactions, 75.30.H Magnetic induction, 41.20.G Magnetic instruments, 07.55 Magnetic lenses, 41.85.L Magnetic levitation devices, 85.70.R —superconducting, 85.25.L Magnetic liquids, 75.50.M Magnetic-materials, 75.50 Magnetic-mirrors, 52.55.J Magnetic-moments —atoms, 32.10.D —hadrons, 13.40.E —local, in compounds and alloys, 75.20.H —magnetometers for, 07.55.J —molecules, 33.15.K Magnetic-monopoles, 14.80.H Magnetic-multilayers, 75.70 Magnetic ordering, 75.10, 75.25 Magnetic permeability-measurement, 07.55 Magnetic phase transitions, 75.30.K Magnetic phenomena in gases, 51.60 Magnetic properties —clusters, 36.40.C —condensed-matter (see 75) —gases, 51.60 —materials treatment effects on, 81.40.R —rocks and-minerals, 91.60.P —solid helium, 67.80.J —superconductors, 74.25.H Magnetic propulsion devices, 85.70.R Magnetic recording devices, 85.70.K, L —sound recording, *43.38.Q Magnetic recording-materials, 75.50.S Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 87.59.P Magnetic resonance spectra —atoms, 32.30.D —condensed-matter (see 76) —molecules, 33.25 Magnetic resonance spectrometers, 07.57.P Magnetic semiconductors —conductivity, 72.20 —magnetic properties, 75.50.P Magnetic shielding, 41.20.G —in instruments, 07.55.N Magnetic storms, 94.30.L Magnetic susceptibility —biological tissues, 87.40 —magnetically ordered-materials, 75.30.C —magnetometers for, 07.55.J —molecules, 33.15.K Magnetic tail (magnetosphere), 94.30.E Magnetic thin films —devices, 85.70.K —properties, 75.70 Magnetic traps, 52.55.L Magnetic variables-measurement, 07.55 Magnetization —magnetic-materials, 75.60.E —magnetometers for, 07.55.J —superconductors, 74.25.H Magnetoacoustic devices, 85.70.E Magnetoacoustic effects, *43.35.R —bulk-matter, 72.55 —thin films, 73.50.R Magnetoactive discharges, 52.80.S Magnetobiology, 87.40 Magnetocaloric effect, 75.30.S Magnetoelastic effects, 75.80 Magnetoelectric devices, 85.80.J Magnetoelectric effects, 75.80 Magnetoexcitons, 71.35.J Magnetohydrodynamic energy conversion, 52.75.F, 84.60.L Magnetohydrodynamic-waves, 52.35.B Magnetohydrodynamics —in astrophysics, 95.30.Q —fluids, 47.65 —plasma flows, 52.30 —plasma simulation, 52.65.K Magnetomechanical effects, 75.80 Magnetometers, 07.55.G, J —superconducting, 85.25.D Magnetooptical devices, 85.70.S Magnetooptical effects, 78.20.L Magnetopause, 94.30.D Magnetoresistance —giant, 75.70.P —metals and alloys, 72.15.G —semiconductors, 72.20.M —thin films, 73.50.J Magnetorheological fluids, 83.80.G Magnetosheath, 94.30.V Magnetosphere —Earth —configuration, 94.30.C —interactions-with ionosphere, 94.20.Y —ring currents, 94.30.J —planetary, 96.35.K Magnetostatic devices, 85.70.E Magnetostatics, 41.20.G Magnetostratigraphy, 91.25.P Magnetostriction, 75.80 Magnetostrictive devices, 85.70.E Magnetotelluric effects (geomagnetism), 91.25.Q Magnetothermal devices, 85.80.L Magnetrons, 84.40.F Magnets, 07.55.D —for beam optics, 41.85.L —permanent, 75.50.W —superconducting, 85.25.L Magnons, 75.30.D —photon–magnon interactions (polaritons), 71.36 —scattering by (electronic transport), 72.10.D Majorana–Weyl fields, 04.50 Majorons, 14.80.M Mammography, 87.59.E Manifolds, 02.40.S Manipulators, 06.60.S Mantle, 91.35.G —rheology of, 91.10.R Many-body theory —nuclear reactions, 24.10.C —relativistic scattering theory, 11.80.J Many-electron systems, theories of, 71.10 Marine geology, 91.50 Marine life, acoustical detection of, *43.30.S Marine pollution, 92.20.N Markov processes, 02.50.G Mars, 96.30.G Martensitic transformations, 81.30.K Masers, 84.40.I —circumstellar, 97.10.F —interstellar, 98.38.E, 98.58.E Masking —lithography, 85.40, 42.82.C —psychological acoustics, 43.66.D Mass —galactic, 98.60.F —measurement of, 06.30.D —nuclear, 21.10.D, G —planetary, 96.35.F —stellar, 97.10.N Mass differences, electromagnetic (elementary particles), 13.40.D Mass spectra, 33.15.T, 32.10.B Mass spectrometers, 07.75 Mass spectroscopy, chemical analysis, 82.80.K Material flows, 83.50 —fundamentals, 83.10.H —rock-mechanics, 91.60.B —solids, 83.10.H Materials, new: theory, design, and fabrication, 81.05.Z Materials science (see 81) Materials synthesis, specific-materials, 81.05 Materials testing and analysis, 81.70 Mathematical-methods in physics (see 02) Matrix algebra, 02.10 Matrix theory, 02.10.S Matter-waves, 03.75 Maxwell equations, 03.50.D, 41.20.B Maxwell-model (rheology), 83.20 Mean free path, electron —bulk-matter, 72.15.L —thin films, 73.50.G Measurement theory, 06.20.D Measurement units and standards, 06.20.F Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy, 06.30 Mechanical alloying, 81.20.E Mechanical contacts, 46.30.P Mechanical effects of light, 42.50.V Mechanical instruments, 07.10 Mechanical properties —biological tissues, 87.45.B —fluids, 47.17 —fundamentals, 83.10 —gases, 51.35 —liquids, 62.10 —material flows, 83.50 —materials treatment effects, 81.40 —shells, plates, and beams, 46.30 —solid–fluid interfaces, 68.45.N —solid surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.G —solids, 62.20 —superconductors, 74.25.L —thin films, 68.60.B Mechanical resonance, 62.40 Mechanical shock, 43.40, 46.30.M Mechanical testing, 81.70.B Mechanical variables-measurement, 07.10 Mechanics —celestial, 95.10.C —classical (see 46) —continuous-media, 03.40, 83.10.F —discrete systems, 03.20, 46.10 —quantum, 03.65 —quantum statistical, 05.30 —statistical, 05.20 —structural, 46.30 Mechanoceptions, 87.22.N Medical imaging —equipment, 87.62 —techniques, 87.59 Medical physics (see 87) Meissner effect, 74.25.H Melt-textured superconductors, 74.80.B Melting, 64.70.D Melts —crystal growth from, 81.10.F —film deposition from, 81.15.L —rheology of, 83.70.G Membrane processes —biological, 87.22.B —surface and interface chemistry, 82.65.F Memory devices —magnetic, 85.70 —optical, 42.79.V —superconducting, 85.25.H Mercury-based high-Tc superconductors, 74.72.H Mercury (planet), 96.30.D MESFET, 85.30.T Meson–meson interactions, 13.75.L Mesonic atoms and-molecules, 36.10.G Mesons —hadronic decays, 13.25 —leptonic decays, 13.20 —production by photons and leptons, 13.60.L —properties, 14.40 —reactions and scattering induced by, 25.80 Mesophase rheology (liquid crystals), 83.70.J Mesoscopic systems, 73.23 Mesosphere, 94.10 Mesozoic period, 91.70.D Metabolism, 87.59.Q Metal-based composites, 81.05.N Metal–insulator–metal structures, 73.40.R Metal–insulator–semiconductor structures, 73.40.Q Metal–insulator transition, 71.30 Metal–metal contacts, 73.40.J Metal–nonmetal contacts, 73.40.N Metal–semiconductor–metal structures, 73.40.S Metal vapor lasers, 42.55.L Metallic glasses —electronic structure, 71.23.C —synthesis, 81.05.K Metallization, integrated circuits, 85.40.L Metallurgy (see 81) Metals —amorphous (transport properties), 72.15.C —band structure, 71.20.B, D, E, G —diamagnetism and paramagnetism, 75.20.E —impurity and defect absorption, 78.40.K —impurity and defect levels, 71.55.A —infrared spectra, 78.30.E —liquid —electrical and thermal conduction, 72.15.C —electronic structure, 71.22 —structure, 61.25.M —phase diagrams, 81.30.B —photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.B —processing, 81.05.B —radiation effects, 61.82.B —Raman spectra, 78.30.E —self-diffusion in, 66.30.F —structure —amorphous, 61.43.D —crystalline, 61.66.B —superconducting, 74.70.A —thin films —electrical conductivity, 73.61.A —optical properties, 78.66.B —transport processes, 72.15 —visible and ultraviolet spectra, 78.40.K Metamagnetism, 75.30.K Metastable phases, 64.60.M Meteorites, 96.50.M —effects of cosmic rays on, 96.40.V Meteorological factors —in acoustical noise propagation, *43.50.V —in atmospheric sound, *43.28.F Meteorology, 92.60 Meteors, 96.50.K Metrology, 06.20 —laser applications, 42.62.E Microcavity and-microdisk lasers, 42.55.S Microdosimetry, 87.53.R Microelectronics, 85.40 —superconducting, 85.25.N —vacuum, 85.45 Microgravity environments —for crystal growth, 81.10.M —materials testing in, 81.70.H Micromechanical devices, 07.10.C Microparticles —magnetic-materials, 75.50.T —optical properties, 78.66.V Microphones, 43.58 Microrheology, 83.10, 83.20.D Microscopy —acoustical, *43.35.S, *43.58.L —atomic force —in biophysics, 87.64.D —instrumentation, 07.79.L —structure determination, 61.16.C —electron —in biophysics, 87.64.D —dislocation observations, 61.72.F —instrumentation, 07.78 —structure determination, 61.16.B —field-ion —instrumentation, 07.78 —field-ion and field emission —structure determination, 61.16.F —friction force, 07.79.S —magnetic force —instrumentation, 07.79.P —structure determination, 61.16.C —optical —in biophysics, 87.64 —conventional, 07.60.P —near-field scanning, 07.79.F —scanning tunneling —in biophysics, 87.64.D —instrumentation, 07.79.C —structure determination, 61.16.C —x-ray —instrumentation, 07.85.T Microstructure —crystals, 61.72 —liquid crystals, 61.30.C —materials treatment effects, 81.40 —solidification, 81.30 Microwave circuits, 84.40.D —integrated, 84.40.L Microwave optical double resonance spectroscopy, 33.40 Microwave radiation —biological effects, 87.50.J —interactions-with condensed-matter, 78.70.G —in plasma, 52.25.S —plasma heating by, 52.50.G —receivers and detectors, 07.57.K —sources, 07.57.H —therapy, 87.54 —wave propagation, 41.20.J, 84.40 Microwave spectra —astronomical observations, 95.85.B —atoms, 32.30.B —molecules, 33.20.B Microwave spectrometers, 07.57.P Microwave spectroscopy (chemical analysis), 82.80.C Microwave technology, 84.40 Microwave tubes, 84.40.F Mie scattering, 42.68.M, 42.25.F Milky Way, 98.35 Millimeter-wave technology, 84.40 Milling, 81.20.W Mineralogy —geophysical aspects, 91.65 —Moon, 96.20.D Minerals —occurences and deposits, 91.65.R —physical properties, 91.60 Minisuperspace-models, 04.60.K Minor planets, 96.30.Y Mirrors —magnetic (plasma), 52.55.J —optical, 42.79.B —design, 42.15.E Mixed conductivity, 72.60 Mixed state (superconductivity), 74.60.E Mixed-valence solids, 71.28, 75.20.H, 75.30.M Mixers, electronic, 84.30.Q Mixtures, 64.75 MOCVD, 81.15.G Mode locking, 42.60.F Moderators (nuclear reactors), 28.41.P Modulation doped field effect transistors (MODFET) Modulation transfer functions —atmospheric optics, 42.68 —eye, 42.66 —imaging and optical processing, 42.30.L Modulators —electronic, 84.30.Q —lasers, 42.60.F —optical, 42.79.H Moiré patterns, 42.30.M Moisture —atmosphere, 92.60.J —measurement of, 07.07.V —soil, 92.40.L Molding, 81.20.H Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), 81.15.H Molecular beams —chemical reactions, 34.50.L, 82.40.D —interactions-with solids, 79.20.R —sources and detectors, 07.77.G —structural irradiation effects, 61.80.L Molecular biophysics, 87.15 Molecular clouds —in external galaxies, 98.58.D, E —in the Milky Way, 98.38.D, E Molecular clusters, 36.40 Molecular collisions (see 34) Molecular conformation, 33.15.B —biomolecules, 87.15.B —macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.E Molecular dynamics —biomolecules, 87.15.H —correlation times, 33.15.V —macromolecules and polymers, 36.20.E Molecular dynamics calculations —atomic and-molecular physics, 31.15.Q —condensed-matter, 71.15.D —disordered solids, 61.43.B —liquid structure, 61.20.J —mathematical-methods, 02.70.N Molecular electronic devices, 85.65 Molecular flows, 47.45.D Molecular interactions —biomolecules, 87.15.K —fundamentals of astrophysics, 95.30.F Molecular liquids, structure of, 61.25.E Molecular-moments, 33.15.K Molecular-orbital-methods, 71.15.F Molecular orbitals, 31.15.N Molecular physics (see 30) Molecular solids, 31.70.K Molecular spectra, 33.20 —astrophysics, 95.30.K Molecular states, surface-enchanced, 82.65.P Molecular structure, 33.15 Molecular-weights (macromolecules and polymers), 36.20.C Molecule–molecule reactions, 82.30.E Molecules, cooling and trapping of, 33.80.P Molten salts, structure of, 61.20.Q Monochromators —charged-particle, 41.85.S —optical, 42.79.Y Monographs, 01.30.E Monolayers, 68.18 Monolytic integrated circuits, 85.40 Monopoles,-magnetic, 14.80.H Monte Carlo-method, 02.50.N, 02.70.L —disordered solids, 61.43.B —liquid structure, 61.20.J —nuclear-reaction-models, 24.10.L —nuclear structure, 21.60.K —plasma simulation, 52.65 Moon, 96.20 MOS devices, 85.30.T MOSFET, 85.30.T Mössbauer spectroscopy —in biophysics and-medical physics, 87.64.P —in chemical analysis, 82.80.E —molecules, 33.45 —solids, 76.80 —structural analysis, 61.18.F Motion sensors, 07.07.D Motors, 84.50 MRI, 87.59.P Muffin-tin potential, 71.15.F Multilayers —electron states, 73.20.D —magnetic ordering, 75.70.C —optical properties, 78.66 —structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 —superconductivity, 74.80.D Multiphase flows —fluid dynamics, 47.55.K —rheology, 83.10.L Multiphoton ionization and excitation —atomic spectra, 32.80.R —molecular spectra, 33.80.R —quantum optics, 42.50.H Multiple resonances (molecular spectroscopy), 33.40 Multiple scattering (relativistic theory), 11.80.L Multiplexers, 42.79.S Multivariate analysis, 02.50.S Muon–hadron scattering, 13.60 Muon-induced nuclear reactions, 25.30.M Muon–lepton scattering, 13.10 Muon spin rotation and relaxation, 76.75 Muonic atoms and-molecules, 36.10.D Muonium, 36.10.D —chemical reactions, 82.55 Muons —astronomical observations, 95.85.R —capture by nuclei, 23.40 —cosmic rays, 96.40.T —decays, 13.35.B —properties, 14.60.E —scattering, 25.30.M Muscular contraction, 87.22.J Music and-musical instruments, 43.75 N Back to top (N,d) reactions, 25.40.H (n,p) reactions, 25.40.K (N,t), (N,3He), and (N, ) reactions, 25.40.H Nambu–Goldstone bosons, 14.80.M Nanocrystalline-materials —electrical conductivity, 73.61.T —magnetic, 75.50.K —optical properties, 78.66.J —radiation effects, 61.82.R —structure, 61.46 Nanodiffraction, 61.14.L Nanoparticles —electronic structure, 71.24 —phonons, 63.22 —structure, 61.46 Nanophase-materials, synthesis of, 81.05.Y Nanosecond techniques, 06.60.J Nanostructures (See also Low-dimensional-quantum structures) —electron states, 73.20.D —photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.J Nanotechnology —instruments, 07.79 —integrated circuits, 85.40.U —for-micromechanical devices, 07.10 Narrow-band semiconductors (electron states), 71.28 National laboratory facilities, 01.52 Near-field scanning optical-microscopy —instruments, 07.79.C —surface structure, 61.16.C Nebulae —external galaxies, 98.58 —Milky Way, 98.38 —solar, 96.10 Néel temperature, 75.30.K, 75.40 Negative resistance, 72.20.H, 73.50.F Nematic liquid crystals, 61.30, 64.70.M Neotectonics, 91.45.E Neptune, 96.30.R Nerve conduction, 87.22.J Neural networks, 84.35 —computers, 07.05.M —optical, 42.79.T —for speech recognition, *43.72.B Neuromagnetism, 87.40 Neurophysiology, 87.22.J Neutral currents, 12.15.M Neutrinos —astronomical observations, 95.85.R —cosmic rays —galactic, 98.70.S —Solar System, 96.40.T —decays, 13.35.H —interactions, 13.15 —mass and-mixing, 14.60.P —non-standard-model, 14.60.S —nuclear scattering, 25.30.P —ordinary, 14.60.L —solar, 26.65, 96.60.J Neutron diffraction, 61.12 —biophysics and-medical physics, 87.64.B Neutron dosimetry, 87.53.P, Q Neutron–hyperon interactions, 13.75.E Neutron-induced fission, 25.85.E Neutron interferometry, 03.75.D Neutron–kaon interactions, 13.75.J Neutron–meson interactions, 13.75, 13.85 Neutron–neutron interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Neutron optics, 03.75.B Neutron physics, 28.20 Neutron–pion interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85 Neutron–proton interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Neutron reflectometry, 61.12.H Neutron scattering —elastic, 25.40.D —inelastic —condensed-matter, 78.70.N —nuclear reactions, 25.40.F —radiative capture, 25.40.L —spin arrangements determination, 75.25 —structural analysis, 61.12 Neutron spectroscopy, 29.30.H Neutron stars, 97.60.J —nuclear-matter aspects of, 26.60 Neutrons —absorption, 28.20.F —diffusion, 28.20.G —distribution in nuclei, 21.10.G —moderation, 28.20.G —properties, 14.20.D —radiation damage by, 61.80.H —sources of, 29.25.D NEXAFS, 61.10.H Nightglow, 94.10.R Niobates —dielectric-materials, 77.84.B —superconductors, 74.70.A Nitrides —dielectric-materials, 77.84.B —refractories, 81.05.J —superconductors, 74.70.A NMR imaging, 76.60.P Noise —acoustic, 43.50 —underwater, *43.30.N —electrical circuits, 07.50.H —electronic —bulk-matter, 72.70 —thin films, 73.50.T —integrated circuits, 85.40.Q —lasers, 42.60.M —quantum, 42.50.L —superconductivity fluctuations, 74.40 —turbulence-generated, 47.27.S Non-Fermi-liquid ground states, 71.10.H Nondestructive testing —materials, 81.70 —structural acoustics, *43.40.L Nonequilibrium processes —chemical reaction kinetics, 82.20.M —chemical reactors, 82.40.B —fluid flows, 47.70 —superconductivity, 74.40 —thermodynamics, 05.70.L Nonhomogeneous flows, 47.55 Nonlinear acoustics, 43.25 Nonlinear differential equations, 02.30 Nonlinear dynamical systems, 05.45 Nonlinear fluids, 83.10.J, 47.20.K Nonlinear guided-waves, 42.65.T Nonlinear (nonlocal) field theory, 11.10.L Nonlinear optics, 42.65 —materials for, 42.70.M, N Nonlinear symmetries, 11.30.N Nonlinear-waveguides, 42.65.W Nonneutral plasmas, 52.25.W Non-Newtonian fluid flows, 47.50, 83.50 Nonradiative transitions, 32.50.H, 33.50, 78.55 North America, 93.30.H Notes (biographical, historical, and personal), 01.60 Novae, 97.30.Q, 97.80.G —nucleosynthesis in, 26.30 Nozzle flow, 47.60 Nuclear astrophysics (See 26) Nuclear binding energy, 21.10.D Nuclear charge, 21.10.F Nuclear chemistry, 82.55 Nuclear collective resonances, 24.30.C, G Nuclear coulomb effects, 21.10.S Nuclear data analysis, 29.85 Nuclear decay (see 23) Nuclear deformation, 21.10.G Nuclear emulsions, 29.40.R Nuclear energy levels, 21.10 Nuclear engineering (see 28) Nuclear explosions, 28.70 Nuclear fission, 24.75 —reactions, 25.85 —reactors —theory, design, and technology, 28.41 —types of, 28.50 Nuclear forces, 21.30 Nuclear form factors, 13.40, G, 21.10.F Nuclear g-factors, 21.10.K Nuclear giant resonances, 24.30.C Nuclear hole states, 21.10.P Nuclear instrumentation (see 29) Nuclear-magnetic resonance —biophysics, 87.64.H —condensed-matter, 76.60 —defect structure determinations, 61.72.H —medical imaging, 87.59.P —molecules, 33.25 —solid helium, 67.80.J —structural analysis, 61.18.F —superconductors, 74.25.N Nuclear-mass, 21.10.D Nuclear-materials safety, 28.41.T Nuclear-matter, 21.65 Nuclear-medicine, 87.59 Nuclear-models, 21.60 Nuclear-moments, 21.10.K Nuclear orientation devices, 29.30.L Nuclear Overhauser effect, 33.35 Nuclear parity, 21.10.H Nuclear physics (see 20) Nuclear power (see 28) Nuclear processes (astrophysics), 95.30.C Nuclear properties, 21.10 —specific nuclei (see 27) Nuclear-quadrupole resonance —condensed-matter, 76.60.G —molecules, 33.25 Nuclear reactions (see 24, 25) Nuclear reactors —fission type, 28.41, 28.50 —fusion type, 28.52, 52.55 —safety, 28.41.T, 28.52.N Nuclear shell-model, 21.60.C Nuclear tests of fundamental interactions and symmetries, 24.80 Nucleation —chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.N —crystal growth, 81.10.A —phase transitions, 64.60.Q —thin films, 68.55.J Nuclei (see 20) Nucleon decays, 13.30, 14.20.D Nucleon–hyperon interactions, 13.75.E Nucleon-induced reactions, 25.40 Nucleon–kaon interactions, 13, 75.J Nucleon–meson interactions, 13.75.G, J, 13.85 Nucleon–nucleon interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Nucleon–pion interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85 Nucleons, 14.20.D Nucleosynthesis —Big Bang, 26.36 —cosmic rays, 26.40 —cosmological, 98.80.F —stellar, 97.10.C —hydrostatic, 26.20 —novae, supernovae and other explosive environments, 26.30 Nucleus, compound —heavy-ion reactions, 25.70.G —nuclear reactions, 24.60.D Number theory, 02.10.L, N Numerical-methods, 02.60 O Back to top Observatories, 95.45 Occultations, 95.10.G Ocean basin thermometry, *43.30.Q Ocean biology, 92.20.J Ocean bottom processes, 91.50.E Ocean chemistry, 92.20.C Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interaction, 91.10.V Oceanic crust seismology, 91.30.Y Oceanographic regions, 93.30 Oceanography, 92.10 —acoustical-methods in, *43.30.P Oceans —fine structure and-microstructure, 92.10.N —global changes, 92.70.J —thermohaline structure and circulation, 92.10.M ODMR, 76.70.H Ohmic contacts, 73.40.C Ohmmeters, 07.50.Y Oils, rheology of, 83.70 Omega-mesons, 14.40.E One-dimensional conductivity, 72.15.N One-meson exchange-models, 12.40.V Opalescence, 78.20 Operational calculus, 02.30.Q Operator theory, 02.30.T Ophthalmic optics, 42.66.C Optic nerve, 42.66.E Optical absorption —in atmosphere, 42.68.A, 94.10.G —in condensed-matter, 78.20.C —in plasma, 52.25.Q, R —wave propagation, 42.25.B Optical activity —condensed-matter, 78.20.E —molecules, 33.55.A Optical beam splitters, 42.79.F Optical bistability, 42.65.P Optical coatings, 42.79.W Optical collimators, 42.79.A Optical communication systems, 42.79.S Optical computers, 42.79.T Optical constants, 78.20.C Optical cooling and trapping —atoms, 32.80.P —molecules, 33.80.P Optical correlation, 42.30 Optical correlators, 42.79.H Optical couplers —fiber-optical, 42.81.Q —integrated-optical, 42.82.E —non-fiber-optical, 42.79.G Optical design, 42.15.E Optical devices, 42.79 Optical disks, 42.79.V Optical elements, 42.79 Optical fibers, 42.81 Optical filters, 42.79.C Optical frequency converters, 42.79.N Optical instabilities (quantum optics), 42.65.S Optical instruments, 07.60 Optical-materials, 42.70 Optical-methods in rheology, 83.85.E Optical-mixing, 42.65.H, K Optical-models (nuclear reactions), 24.10.H Optical-modulators, 42.79.H Optical nutation, 42.50.M Optical processors, 42.79.H Optical properties —bulk-materials and thin films, 78.20 —clusters, 36.40.V —gases, 51.70 —materials treatment effects on, 81.40.T —plasma, 52.70.K —rocks and-minerals, 91.60.M —specific thin films, surfaces and low-dimensional structures, 78.66 Optical pumping —atoms, 32.80.B —molecules, 33.80.B Optical radars, 42.79.Q Optical scanners, 42.79.L Optical sensors, 07.07.D, 42.79.P Optical storage —devices, 42.79.V —media, 42.70.L Optical switches, 42.65.P, 42.79.T Optical systems, 42.79 —design, 42.15.E Optical testing, 42.87 Optical tomography, 42.30.W Optical transfer function, 42.30.L Optical-waveguides —fiber, 42.81.Q —integrated-optical, 42.82.E —non-fiber, 42.79.G —nonlinear, 42.65.W Optical-workshop techniques, 42.86 Optically detected-magnetic resonance (ODMR), 76.70.H Optics (see 42) Optoelectronic devices, 85.60 Optogalvanic spectroscopic-methods, 82.80.K Orbits (astronomy) —determination of, 95.10.E —planetary, 96.35.F Order–disorder transitions, 64.60.C, 64.70.K, 81.30.H —crystallographic aspect, 61.50.K —materials science aspects, 81.30.H —surfaces, 68.35.R Ordinary differential equations, 02.30.H Organic compounds —absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.M —dielectric properties, 77.84.J —electronic structure, 71.20.R —EPR spectra, 76.30 —fabrication, 81.05.L —infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.J —optical-materials, 42.70.J —photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.F —photoluminescence, 78.55.K —radiation effects, 61.82.P —structure, 61.66.H —superconductivity, 74.70.K —thin films —conductivity, 73.61.P —optical properties, 78.66.Q Organic semiconductors, 72.80.L Oscillating flow, 47.35 Oscillations —laser, 42.60.R —plasma, 52.35 —seismological, 91.30.K —solar, 96.60.L —stellar, 97.10.S Oscillator strengths —atomic spectra, 32.70.C —molecular spectra, 33.70.C Oscillators —electronic, 84.30.N —optical parametric, 42.65.Y Oscilloscopes, 07.07.H Osmosis —films and-membranes, 82.65.F —liquid transport, 66.10.C Osteodensitometry, 87.59.L Oxidation (materials), 81.65.M Oxidative phosphorylation, 87.22.F Oxides —dielectric properties, 77.84.B —refractories, 81.05.J Ozone layer —atmospheric chemistry, 82.40.W Ozone layers —global change, 92.70.C P Back to top p–n-junctions, 73.40 (p,n) reactions, 25.40.K (p, ) reactions, 25.40.Q Pacific Ocean, 93.30.P Pair production, 23.20.R Pairing interactions (electronic structure), 71.10.L Paleomagnetism, 91.25.N Paleozoic period, 91.70.F Parallaxes (stellar), 97.10.V Paramagnetic resonance, 76.30 Paramagnetism, 75.20 Parametric oscillators and amplifiers, optical, 42.65.Y Parity —nuclear properties, 21.10.H —symmetry (fields and particles), 11.30.E Partial differential equations, 02.30.J Partially conserved currents, 11.40.H Particle beams (see Charged-particle beams) Particle correlations, relativistic collisions, 25.75.G Particle-in-cell-method (plasma simulation), 52.65.R Particle orbits —plasma, 52.20.D —plasma simulation, 52.65.C Particle production, relativistic collisions, 25.75.D Particle-theory-models (Early Universe), 98.80.C Passivation, 81.65 Pastes, 83.70.H Path-integral-methods (atomic physics), 31.15.K Pattern formation (chemical kinetics), 82.40.C Pattern formation (fluid dynamics), 47.54 Pattern recognition —acoustics, *43.60.L —optics, 42.30.S Pattern selection (fluid dynamics), 47.54 Pattern transfer techniques —integrated electronics, 85.40.H —integrated optics, 42.82.C Peierls instability —electronic conduction, 72.15.N —metal–insulator transitions, 71.30 Pendulum, 07.10.Y Penetration depth (superconductivity), 74.25.H Penning discharges, 52.80.S Perception —speech, 43.71 —visual, 42.66.S Percolation (phase transitions), 64.60.A Periodic flows, 83.50.B Permanent-magnets, 75.50.W Permittivity, 77.22.C Perovskites (superconductivity), 74.72, 74.76.B Persistent current (mesoscopic systems), 73.23.P Personal notes, 01.60 Perturbation theory —atomic physics, 31.15.M —electronic structure of solids, 71.15 —gauge field theories, 11.15.B —quantum chromodynamics, 12.38.B, C PET, 87.59.V Petrology —geophysical aspects, 91.65 —Moon, 96.20.D PH-measurement, 82.80.Y Phase, of electromagnetic field, 42.50.D Phase coherence, atomic ensemble —matter-waves optics, 03.75.D —quantum optics, 42.50.G Phase conjugation, 42.65.H Phase diagrams (see also Phase transitions) —electrons, 71.10.H —metals and alloys, 81.30.B —nonmetallic systems, 81.30.D —superconductors, 74.25.D Phase equilibria (see 64) Phase identification (thin films), 68.55.N Phase retrieval (optics), 42.30.R Phase separation, 64.75 —heterogeneous liquids, 83.70.H Phase transitions, 05.70.F, 64.60, 64.70 —chemical thermodynamics, 82.60.F —clusters, 36.40.E —crystallographic aspects, 61.50.K —displacive, 63.70 —excitonic, 71.35.L —ferroelectric, 77.80.B —magnetic, 75.30.K —rocks and-minerals, 91.60.H —solid–solid, 81.30 —at surfaces and interfaces, 68.35.R Phonon–exciton interactions, 63.20.L Phonon–magnon interactions, 63.20.L Phonon–phonon interactions, 63.20.K Phonons —crystal lattices, 63.20 —low-dimensional structures, 63.22 —photon–phonon interactions (polaritons), 71.36 —scattering by, 72.10.D Phosphorescence —atoms, 32.50 —condensed-matter, 78.55 —molecules, 33.50.D Phosphorescence-microwave double resonance, 33.40 Phosphorylation, 87.22.F Photoacoustic effect, *43.35.U, 78.20.H Photoacoustic spectroscopy, 82.80.K —chemical analysis, 82.80.K —materials testing, 81.70.C Photocathodes, 85.60.H Photochemistry, 82.50 —biomolecules, 87.15.M, R —oceanography, 92.20.K Photochromism, 78.20.W Photoconductivity —bulk-matter, 72.40 —thin films, 73.50.P Photodetachment —atomic negative ions, 32.80.G —molecules, 33.80.E Photodetectors —in astronomy, 95.55.A —optoelectronics, 85.60.G Photodiodes, 85.60.D Photodissociation —biomolecules, 87.15.M —molecules, 33.80.G —photochemical reactions, 82.50.F Photoelasticity, 78.20.H Photoelectrets, 77.22.E Photoelectric energy conversion, 84.60.J Photoelectron-microscopy, 61.16.M Photoelectron spectroscopy —biophysics, 87.64.L —chemical analysis, 82.80.P —condensed-matter, 79.60 —molecules, 33.60 Photoemission, 79.60 Photofission, 25.85.J Photogrammetry, 91.10.L Photography, 07.68 —astronomical applications, 95.75.D Photoionization —atoms, 32.80.F —inner-shell ionization, 32.80.H —multiphoton ionization, 32.80.R —biomolecules, 87.15.M —molecules, 33.80.E —multiphoton ionization, 33.80.R —photochemical reactions, 82.50.F Photolithography, 85.40.H Photoluminescence, 78.55 Photolysis, 82.50.F Photometers, 07.60.D —in astronomy, 95.55.Q, 95.75.D Photomultipliers, 85.60.H —nuclear physics, 29.40 Photon–atom interactions, 32.80 —coherent control of, 32.80.Q Photon counting and statistics, 42.50.A Photon echo, 42.50.M Photon–hadron scattering, 13.60 Photon–molecule interactions, 33.80 Photon statistics, 42.50.A Photon-stimulated desorption, 79.20.L Photonic band gap-materials, 42.70.Q Photonic bandgap-materials, 42.70.Q Photonic switching, 42.65.P, 42.79.S, T Photons —inclusive production, 13.85.Q —interactions-with hadrons, 13.60 —nonclassical states, 42.50.D —photon–magnon interactions, 71.36 —properties, 14.70.B —solar, 96.40.F Photonuclear reactions, 25.20 Photoproduction —baryons, 13.60.R —mesons, 13.60.L —nuclear, 25.20.L Photoreflectance, 78.20.W Photorefractive effect —nonlinear optics, 42.65.H —optical-materials, 42.70.N Photoresistors, 84.32.F, 85.60.D Photoresists, 85.40.H Photosphere —solar, 96.60.M —stellar, 97.10.E Photosynthesis, 87.22.F —oceanography, 92.20.L Photothermal effect, 78.20.N Phototransistors, 85.60.D Phototubes, 85.60.H Photovoltaic conversion, 84.60.J Photovoltaic effect —bulk-matter, 72.40 —thin films, 73.50.P Physical chemistry (see 82) Physics literature and publications, 01.30 Physiological acoustics, 43.64 Physiological optics, 42.66 Pick-up reactions, 24.50 (see also 25.40.H, 25.45.H, 25.55.H, 25.60.J, 25.70.H) Picosecond techniques, 06.60.J, 42.65.R, 78.47 Piezoelectric devices, 85.50 Piezoelectric fields, strain-induced, 77.65.L Piezoelectric-materials, 77.84 Piezoelectricity, 77.65 Piezooptical effects, 78.20.H Piezoreflectance, 78.20.H Piezoresistance —semiconductors and insulators, 72.20.F —thin films, 73.50.D Pinch effect and pinch devices, 52.55.E Pinning (superconductivity), 74.60.G Pion absorption and capture, 25.80.G, L Pion decays, 13.20.C, 13.25.C Pions —astronomical observations, 95.85.R —detectors (astronomy), 95.55.V —pion–baryon reactions, 13.75.G —pion-induced nuclear reactions, 25.80 Pipe flow, 47.60 Pitch, 43.66.H Plane-wave-method, 71.15.A Planetary nebulae, 98.38.L, 98.58.L Planetary rings, 96.30.W Planets —extrasolar, 97.82 —formation, 96.35.C —interaction-with solar-wind, 96.50.E —probes, 95.55.P —properties, 96.35 —Solar System, 96.30 Plankton, 92.20.R Plasma —astrophysical, 95.30.Q —diagnostics, 52.70 —elementary processes, 52.20 —ionosphere, 94.20.W —macroinstabilities, 52.35.P —magnetohydrodynamics, 52.30 —magnetosphere, 94.30.F, G —microinstabilities, 52.35.Q —neutrals in, 52.25.Y —production and heating, 52.50 —properties, 52.25 —quark–gluon, 12.38.M —relativistic, 52.60 —sheaths, 52.40.H —solid-state —bulk-matter, 72.30 —thin films, 73.50.M Plasma antennas, 52.40.F Plasma applications —film deposition, 52.75.R, 81.15.G —materials processing, 52.75.R, 81.65 Plasma-assisted CVD, 52.75.R, 81.15.G Plasma confinement —magnetic, 52.55 —nonmagnetic, 52.58 —electrostatic, 52.28.Q —high-frequency, 52.58.Q —inertial, 52.58.E, H, N Plasma density, 52.25 Plasma devices, 52.75 Plasma diodes, 52.75.F Plasma etching, 52.75.R Plasma-filled-waveguides, 52.40.F Plasma flow, 52.30 Plasma focus devices, 52.55.E Plasma heating, 52.50 Plasma impurities, 52.25.V Plasma instability, 52.35.P Plasma reactions, 82.40.R Plasma shock-waves, 52.35.T Plasma simulation, 52.65 Plasma sources, 52.50.D Plasma spraying, 81.15.R Plasma switches, 52.75.K Plasma torches, 52.75.H Plasma turbulence, 52.35.R Plasma–wall interactions, 52.40.H Plasma-waves, 52.35 Plasmapause, 94.20.P Plasmasphere, 94.20.M Plasmons —bulk-matter, 71.45.G —clusters, 36.40.G —surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.M Plasticity —materials treatment effects on, 81.40.L —mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.F —rheology, 83.50 Plastics, 83.80 —preparation, 81.05.L —structure, 61.41 Plate tectonics, 91.45.D Plates, structural-mechanics of, 46.30 Pleochromism, 78.20.F Pluto, 96.30.S Pluton emplacement, 91.45.Y Plutonium generation, 28.50.F Pneumodynamics, 87.45.H Pockels effect, 78.20.J Poincaré invariance, 11.30.C Point contact devices, 85.30.H Point contacts, superconducting, 74.80.F Point defects, 61.72.J Poiseuille flow, 83.50 Poisson equation, 41.20.C Poisson ratio —mechanical properties of solids, 62.20.D —treatment of-materials, 81.40.J Polar cap ionosphere, 94.20.K Polar regions, 93.30.S Polar-wobble, 91.10.N Polarimeters, 07.60.F —in astronomy, 95.55.Q, 95.75.H Polaritons, 71.36 Polarizability —atoms, 32.10.D —molecules, 33.15.K Polarization —atmospheric optics, 42.68.M —dielectric, 77.22.E —DNMR, 76.70.F —in nuclear reactions, 24.70 —optical fibers, 42.81.G —particle interactions, 13.88 —starlight, 97.10.L —wave optics, 42.25.J Polarized beams (accelerators), 29.27.H Polarized ion sources, 29.25.L Polarized targets, 29.25.P Polarizers, optical, 42.79.C Polaron theory of superconductivity, 74.20.M Polarons, 71.38 Polishing, 42.86, 81.65.P, 81.65 Pollution —atmospheric, 92.60.S —effects on instruments, 07.89 —instruments for-measurement of, 07.88 —marine, 92.20.N —radioactive (medical physics), 87.50.N, P Polyatomic-molecules, electron correlation in, 31.25.Q Polymer films, 61.41, 73, 61.P, 78.66.Q Polymer-melts, 61.25.H Polymer-molecules, 36.20 Polymer reactions, 82.35 Polymer solutions, 61.25.H Polymerization, 82.35 Polymers —absorption and reflection spectra, 78.40.M —chemical reactions, 82.35 —dielectric properties, 77.84.J —electrical conductivity, 72.80.L —electronic structure —condensed-matter, 71.20.R —molecules, 36.20.K —infrared and Raman spectra, 78.30.J —melts and solutions, 61.25.H —optical-materials, 42.70.J —photoemission and photoelectron spectra, 79.60.F —preparation, 81.05.L —radiation effects, 61.82.P —reinforced, 81.05.Q —rheology, 83.10.N, 83.80 —structure —condensed phase, 61.41 —molecular, 36.20 —thin films —electrical properties, 73.61.P —optical properties, 78.66.Q Polymorphic transformations —crystallographic aspects, 61.50.K —materials science aspects, 81.30.H Polynomials, 02.10.N Pomeranchuk poles, 11.55.J, 12.40.N Population inversion, 32.80.B, 33.80.B, 42.50 Porous-materials —flow through, 47.55.M —heat transfer in, 44.30 —photoluminescence, 78.55.M —preparation, 81.05.R —structure, 61.43.G Position-sensitive detectors, 29.40.G Positron annihilation, 78.70.B Positron–atom interactions, 34.80 Positron emission, 79.20.M Positron emission tomography (PET), 87.59.V Positron-microscopes, 07.78 Positron–molecule interactions, 34.80 Positron scattering —nuclear reactions, 25.30.H —atomic and-molecular collisions, 34.85 Positronium, 36.10.D —chemical reactions, 82.55 Positrons —properties, 14.60.C —radiation damage by, 61.80.F —states, 71.60 Post-Newtonian approximation (general relativity), 04.25.N Potential energy surfaces —chemical kinetics, 82.20.K —molecular collisions, 34.20.M Potential flows, 47.15.H Potential-models, 12.39.P Potential theory (mathematics), 02.30.E Potentials —atom–molecule, 34.20.G —interatomic, 34.20.C —intermolecular, 34.20.G Potentiometers, 07.50.Y Potts-model, 75.10.H Powder diffraction —neutron, 61.12.L —x-ray, 61.10.N Powder-metallurgy, 81.20.E Powder spraying, 81.15.R Powders —materials preparation, 81.20.E —spray coating, 81.15.R —structure, 61.43.G —superconducting, 74.80.B Power electronics, 84.30.J Power lines, biological effects of, 87.50.J Power reactors, 28.50.H Power supply circuits, 84.30.J Power transmission lines, 84.70 Precambrian period, 91.70.H Precipitation —hydrology, 92.40.E —materials synthesis, 81.20.F —meteorology, 92.60.J —particle (ionospheric), 94.20.Q —phase transformations, 81.30.M —in solidification, 81.30.M Precipitation hardening, 81.40.C Predissociation, 33.80.G Pressure effects —crystal structure, 61.50.K —mechanical properties of solids, 62.50 —rocks and-minerals, 91.60.G —superconductors, 74.62.F Pressure sensors, 07.07.D Pressure treatment, 81.40.V Prisms, 42.79.B Probability theory, 02.50.C Probes, lunar and planetary, 95.55.P Projection systems, 42.79 Projective geometries, 02.40.D Prominences, solar, 96.60.S Propellants, 83.70 Proportional counters, 29.40.C Propulsion —magnetic devices, 85.70.R —plasma, 52.75.D —reactors, 28.50.K Proteins, 36.20, 87.15 Protogalaxies, 98.65.D Proton absorption, 25.40.L Proton dosimetry, 87.53.P, Q Proton–hyperon interactions, 13.75.E, 13.85 Proton–kaon interactions, 13.75.J, 13.85 Proton–meson interactions, 13.75.G, J, 13.85 Proton–neutron interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Proton–nucleus reactions, 25.40 Proton–pion interactions, 13.75.G, 13.85 Proton–proton interactions, 13.75.C, 13.85 Proton radiative capture, 25.40.L Proton scattering (nuclear reactions) —elastic, 25.40.C —inelastic, 25.40.E Protons, properties of, 14.20.D Protostars, 97.21 Proximity effects, 74.50 Pseudopotential-method, 71.15.H Psychological acoustics, 43.66 Publications, 01.30 —electronic, 01.30.X Pulsars, 97.60.G Pulsatile flows, 83.50.B Pulse circuits, 84.30.S Pulse compression (optical), 42.65.R Pulse generators, 84.30.N Pumps, vacuum, 07.30.C Purification,-materials, 81.20.Y Pyroelectric devices, 85.50 Pyroelectric effects, 77.70 Pyrolysis, 82.30.L Pyrometry, 07.20.K PZT ceramics, 77.84.D Q Back to top Q-switching, 42.60.G Quadrupole-magnets, 41.85.L Quadrupole-moments, 21.10.K, 33.15.K Quadrupole resonance, 76.60.G Quantization —canonical, 04.60.D —covariant and sum-over-history, 04.60 Quantized fields, 03.70 Quantized spin-models, 75.10.J Quantum acoustics, 43.35 Quantum beats, 42.50.M Quantum biology, 87.10 Quantum chromodynamics, 12.38 —in nuclei, 24.85 Quantum communication, 03.67.H Quantum computation, 03.67.L Quantum cosmology, 98.80.H Quantum cryptography, 03.67.D Quantum crystals, 67.80 Quantum dots —devices, 85.30.V —electrical conductivity, 73.61 —electron states, 73.20.D Quantum electrodynamics, 12.20 Quantum ensemble theory, 05.30.C Quantum field theory, 03.70, 11.10 Quantum fluctuations, 42.50.L Quantum fluids (see 67) Quantum gravity, 04.60 Quantum Hall effect, 73.40.H Quantum information, 03.67 Quantum interference devices —semiconductor, 85.30.S —superconducting, 85.25.D Quantum-jumps, 42.50.L Quantum localization —metals and alloys, 72.15.R —surfaces and interfaces, 73.20.F Quantum-mechanics, 03.65 Quantum noise, 42.50.L Quantum optics, 42.50 Quantum statistical-mechanics, 05.30 Quantum tunneling of defects, 66.35 Quantum-wells —devices, 85.30.V —electrical conductivity, 73.61 —electronic structure, 73.20.D —magnetic, 75.70.C —optical properties, 78.66 —structure and nonelectronic properties, 68.65 Quantum-wires —devices, 85.30.V —electrical conductivity, 73.61 —electron states, 73.20.D Quark confinement, 12.38.A Quark–gluon plasma, 12.38.M Quark-models, 12.39 Quarkonia —decays —hadronic, 13.25.G —leptonic and semileptonic, 13.20.G —properties —mass < 2.5 GeV, 14.40.C —mass > 2.5 GeV, 14.40.G Quarks, 14.65 —in nuclei, 24.85 —masses and-mixing, 12.15.F Quartz, optical-material, 42.70.C Quartz resonator, 77.65.F Quasars, 98.54.A Quasicrystals —electronic structure, 71.23.F —magnetic-materials, 75.50.K —structure, 61.44.B Quasiparticle-methods (atomic physics), 31.15.L Quenching (fluorescence) —atoms, 32.50 —condensed-matter, 78.55 —molecules, 33.50.H Quenching (thermal), 81.40.G Queuing theory, 02.50.H R Back to top Radar, 84.40.X Radiation belts, 94.30.H Radiation chemistry, 82.50 Radiation detectors, 07.57.K, 29.40, 85.25.P Radiation effects —biological, 87.50 —on instruments, 07.89 —on optical elements, devices and systems, 42.88 —in solids, 61.80 Radiation fields, 04.40.N Radiation hardening, 81.40.X Radiation-induced luminescence, 78.60.Y Radiation pressure, 32.80.P, 33.80.P —acoustical, *43.25.Q Radiation protection, 87.50.N, P Radiation therapy —equipment, 87.56 —ionizing radiations, 87.53 —non-ionizing radiations, 87.54 Radiation treatment, 81.40.W Radiative capture of nucleons, 25.40.L Radiative corrections —atoms and-molecules, 31.30.J —electromagnetic, 13.40.K —electroweak, 12.15.L Radiative flows, 47.70 Radiative recombination, 78.60 Radiative transfer —astrophysics, 95.30.J —in atmosphere, 42.68.A —heat transfer, 44.40 —stellar, 97.10.E Radio-frequency spectra —atoms, 32.30.B —molecules, 33.20.B Radio galaxies, 98.54.G Radio telescopes, 95.55.J Radioactive dating, 93.85 Radioactive pollution, 89.60 Radioactive sources, 29.25.R Radioactive-wastes, 28.41.K Radioactivity (see 23) —oceanic, 92.20.T Radioastronomy techniques, 95.75 Radiobiology, 87.50.G Radiochemical activation analysis, 82.80.J Radiochemistry, 82.55 Radiogalaxies, 98.54.G Radiography, 07.85.Y, 87.59.B Radioimmunotherapy, 87.53.N Radioisotopes (nuclear-medicine), 87.59.Q Radiolysis, 82.50.G Radiometers, 07.60.D Radiosurgery, 87.53.L Radiotelescopes, 95.55.J Radiowave radiation —astronomical observations, 95.85.B —biological effects of, 87.50.J —interactions-with condensed-matter, 78.70.G —in plasma, 52.25.S —plasma diagnostics, 52.70.G —plasma heating, 52.50.G —sources, galactic and extragalactic, 98.70.D —wave propagation, 41.20.J, 84.40 Radiowave receivers and detectors, 07.57.K Radiowave sources, 07.57.H Radiowave spectrometers, 07.57.P Radiowave technology, 84.40 Rain, 92.60.J Raman lasers, 42.55.Y Raman spectra —condensed-matter, 78.30 —macro- and polymer-molecules, 36.20.N —molecules, 33.20.F Raman spectroscopy —biophysics and-medical physics, 87.64.J —CARS, 42.65.D —chemical analysis, 82.80.C Random-phase approximations —collective effects, 71.45 —nuclear-structure-models, 21.60.J Random processes, 05.40 Range finders, optical, 42.79.Q Rare earth-metals and alloys —electric conductivity, 72.15.E —electronic structure, 71.20.E Rarefied gas dynamics, 47.45 Rate constants (chemical kinetics), 82.20.P Ray tracing —acoustical, *43.20.D —in-water, *43.30.C —optical, 42.15.D Rayleigh scattering —condensed-matter, 78.35 —molecules, 33.20.F —nonlinear optics, 42.65.E —plasma, 52.35.N Rayleigh–Taylor instability, 52.35.P Reaction kinetics,