40.	ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS, ACOUSTICS, HEAT TRANSFER, CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AND FLUID DYNAMICS
	41.	Electromagnetism; electron and ion optics
S	41.20.-q	Applied classical electromagnetism
M	41.20.-q	Applied classical electromagnetism (for submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave instruments and equipment, see 07.57.-c)
	41.20.Cv	Electrostatics; Poisson and Laplace equations, boundary-value problems
	41.20.Gz	Magnetostatics; magnetic shielding, magnetic induction, boundary-value problems
S	41.20.Jb	Electromagnetic wave propagation; radiowave propagation
M	41.20.Jb	Electromagnetic wave propagation; radiowave propagation (for light propagation, see 42.25.Bs; for electromagnetic waves in plasma, see 52.35.Hr; for atmospheric, ionospheric, and magnetospheric propagation, see 92.60.Ta, 94.20.Bb, and 94.30.Tz, respectively; see also 94.05.Pt Wave/wave, wave/particle interactions, in space plasma physics)
	41.50.+h	X-ray beams and x-ray optics (see also 07.85.Fv in instruments)
	41.60.-m	Radiation by moving charges
	41.60.Ap	Synchrotron radiation (for synchrotron radiation instrumentation, see 07.85.Qe)
	41.60.Bq	Cherenkov radiation
	41.60.Cr	Free-electron lasers (see also 52.59.Rz Free-electron devices-in plasma physics)
	41.75.-i	Charged-particle beams
	41.75.Ak	Positive-ion beams
	41.75.Cn	Negative-ion beams
	41.75.Fr	Electron and positron beams
	41.75.Ht	Relativistic electron and positron beams
	41.75.Jv	Laser-driven acceleration (see also 52.38.-r Laser-plasma interactions in plasma physics)
	41.75.Lx	Other advanced accelerator concepts
	41.85.-p	Beam optics (see also 07.77.Ka Charged-particle beam sources and detectors; 29.27.-a Beams in particle accelerators)
	41.85.Ar	Beam extraction, beam injection
	41.85.Ct	Beam shaping, beam splitting
	41.85.Ew	Beam profile, beam intensity
	41.85.Gy	Chromatic and geometrical aberrations
	41.85.Ja	Beam transport
	41.85.Lc	Beam focusing and bending magnets, wiggler magnets, and quadrupoles (see also 07.55.Db-in instruments; for superconducting magnets, see 84.71.Ba)
	41.85.Ne	Electrostatic lenses, septa
	41.85.Qg	Beam analyzers, beam monitors, and Faraday cups
	41.85.Si	Beam collimators, monochromators
	41.90.+e	Other topics in electromagnetism; electron and ion optics (restricted to new topics in section 41)
	42.	Optics (for optical properties of gases, see 51.70.+f; for optical properties of bulk materials and thin films, see 78.20.-e; for x-ray optics, see 41.50.+h)
	42.15.-i	Geometrical optics
	42.15.Dp	Wave fronts and ray tracing
	42.15.Eq	Optical system design
	42.15.Fr	Aberrations
	42.25.-p	Wave optics
	42.25.Bs	Wave propagation, transmission and absorption (see also 41.20.Jb-in electromagnetism; for propagation in atmosphere, see 42.68.Ay; see also 52.40.Db Electromagnetic (nonlaser) radiation interactions with plasma and 52.38-r Laser-plasma interactions-in plasma physics)
	42.25.Dd	Wave propagation in random media
	42.25.Fx	Diffraction and scattering
	42.25.Gy	Edge and boundary effects; reflection and refraction
	42.25.Hz	Interference
	42.25.Ja	Polarization
	42.25.Kb	Coherence
	42.25.Lc	Birefringence
	42.30.-d	Imaging and optical processing
	42.30.Kq	Fourier optics
	42.30.Lr	Modulation and optical transfer functions
	42.30.Ms	Speckle and moire patterns
	42.30.Rx	Phase retrieval
	42.30.Sy	Pattern recognition
	42.30.Tz	Computer vision; robotic vision
	42.30.Va	Image forming and processing
	42.30.Wb	Image reconstruction; tomography
	42.40.-i	Holography
	42.40.Eq	Holographic optical elements; holographic gratings
	42.40.Ht	Hologram recording and readout methods (see also 42.70.Ln Holographic recording materials; optical storage media)
	42.40.Jv	Computer-generated holograms
	42.40.Kw	Holographic interferometry; other holographic techniques (see also 07.60.Ly Interferometers)
	42.40.Lx	Diffraction efficiency, resolution, and other hologram characteristics
	42.40.My	Applications
	42.40.Pa	Volume holograms
	42.50.-p	Quantum optics (for lasers, see 42.55.-f and 42.60.-v; see also 42.65.-k Nonlinear optics; 03.65.-w Quantum mechanics)
	42.50.Ar	Photon statistics and coherence theory
	42.50.Ct	Quantum description of interaction of light and matter; related experiments
	42.50.Dv	Nonclassical states of the electromagnetic field, including entangled photon states; quantum state engineering and measurements (see also 03.65.Ud Entanglement and quantum nonlocality, e.g. EPR paradox, Bell's inequalities, GHZ states, etc.)
	42.50.Fx	Cooperative phenomena in quantum optical systems
	42.50.Gy	Effects of atomic coherence on propagation, absorption, and amplification of light; electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption
	42.50.Hz	Strong-field excitation of optical transitions in quantum systems; multiphoton processes; dynamic Stark shift (for multiphoton ionization and excitation of atoms and molecules, see 32.80.Rn, and 33.80.Rm, respectively)
	42.50.Lc	Quantum fluctuations, quantum noise, and quantum jumps
	42.50.Md	Optical transient phenomena: quantum beats, photon echo, free-induction decay, dephasings and revivals, optical nutation, and self-induced transparency
	... ... ...	Dynamics of nonlinear optical systems; optical instabilities, optical chaos, and optical spatio-temporal dynamics, see 42.65.Sf
	... ... ...	Optical solitons; nonlinear guided waves, see 42.65.Tg
	42.50.Nn	Quantum optical phenomena in absorbing, dispersive and conducting media
	42.50.Pq	Cavity quantum electrodynamics; micromasers
	42.50.St	Nonclassical interferometry, subwavelength lithography
	42.50.Vk	Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, electrons, and ions (see also 32.80.Pj and 33.80.Ps Optical cooling and trapping of atoms and molecules, respectively)
	... ... ...	Optical tests of fundamental laws and forces, see 12.20.Fv Experimental tests in quantum electrodynamics and 03.65.Ta Foundations of quantum mechanics; measurement theory
	42.50.Xa	Optical tests of quantum theory
	42.55.-f	Lasers
	42.55.Ah	General laser theory
	42.55.Ks	Chemical lasers (for chemiluminescence, see 78.60.Ps)
	42.55.Lt	Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers
	42.55.Mv	Dye lasers
	42.55.Px	Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
	42.55.Rz	Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
	42.55.Sa	Microcavity and microdisk lasers
	42.55.Tv	Photonic crystal lasers and coherent effects
	42.55.Vc	X- and gamma-ray lasers
	42.55.Wd	Fiber lasers
	42.55.Xi	Diode-pumped lasers
	42.55.Ye	Raman lasers (see also 42.65.Dr Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS)
	... ... ...	Free-electron lasers, see 41.60.Cr and 52.59.Rz in electromagnetism and plasma physics, respectively
	42.55.Zz	Random lasers
	42.60.-v	Laser optical systems: design and operation
	42.60.By	Design of specific laser systems
	42.60.Da	Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
	42.60.Fc	Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
	42.60.Gd	Q-switching
	42.60.Jf	Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation
	42.60.Lh	Efficiency, stability, gain, and other operational parameters
	42.60.Mi	Dynamical laser instabilities; noisy laser behavior
	42.60.Pk	Continuous operation
	42.60.Rn	Relaxation oscillations and long pulse operation
	... ... ...	Ultrashort pulse generation, see 42.65.Tg
	... ... ...	Dynamics of nonlinear optical systems, see 42.65.Sf
	42.62.-b	Laser applications
	42.62.Be	Biological and medical applications (see also 87.50.Hj, 87.54.Fj, 87.63.Lk, and 87.80.Cc in biological and medical physics)
	42.62.Cf	Industrial applications
	42.62.Eh	Metrological applications; optical frequency synthesizers for precision spectroscopy (see also 06.20.-f Metrology, and 06.30.-k Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy)
	42.62.Fi	Laser spectroscopy
	42.65.-k	Nonlinear optics
	42.65.An	Optical susceptibility, hyperpolarizability (see also 33.15.Kr Electric and magnetic moments (and derivatives), polarizability, and magnetic susceptibility)
	42.65.Dr	Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS (for Raman lasers, see 42.55.Ye)
	42.65.Es	Stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering
	42.65.Hw	Phase conjugation; photorefractive and Kerr effects
	42.65.Jx	Beam trapping, self-focusing and defocusing; self-phase modulation
	42.65.Ky	Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation (see also 42.79.Nv Optical frequency converters)
	42.65.Lm	Parametric down conversion and production of entangled photons (see also 42.50.Dv Nonclassical states of the electromagnetic field, including entangled photon states; quantum state engineering and measurements; for optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers, see 42.65.Yj)
	42.65.Pc	Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects (see also 42.60.Gd Q-switching; 42.79.Ta Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural networks)
	42.65.Re	Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression
	42.65.Sf	Dynamics of nonlinear optical systems; optical instabilities, optical chaos and complexity, and optical spatio-temporal dynamics
	42.65.Tg	Optical solitons; nonlinear guided waves (for solitons in fibers, see 42.81.Dp)
	42.65.Wi	Nonlinear waveguides
	42.65.Yj	Optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers (see also 42.65.Lm Parametric down conversion and production of entangled photons)
	42.66.-p	Physiological optics
	42.66.Ct	Anatomy and optics of eye
S	42.66.Ew	Physiology of eye; optic-nerve structure and function
M	42.66.Ew	Physiology of eye; optic-nerve structure and function (see also 87.19.Dd Information processing in vision and hearing in biological and medical physics)
	42.66.Lc	Vision: light detection, adaptation, and discrimination
	42.66.Ne	Color vision: color detection, adaptation, and discrimination
	42.66.Qg	Scales for light and color detection
	42.66.Si	Psychophysics of vision, visual perception; binocular vision
	42.68.-w	Atmospheric and ocean optics
S	42.68.Ay	Propagation, transmission, attenuation, and radiative transfer
M	42.68.Ay	Propagation, transmission, attenuation, and radiative transfer (see also 92.60.Ta Electromagnetic wave propagation)
S	42.68.Bz	Atmospheric turbulence effects
M	42.68.Bz	Atmospheric turbulence effects (see also 92.60.hk Convection, turbulence, and diffusion in meteorology)
S	42.68.Ca	Spectral absorption by atmospheric gases
M	42.68.Ca	Spectral absorption by atmospheric gases (see also 92.60.Vb Radiative processes, solar radiation in meteorology)
S	42.68.Ge	Effects of clouds and water; ice crystal phenomena
M	42.68.Ge	Effects of clouds and water; ice crystal phenomena (see also 92.60.Jq Water in the atmosphere; 92.60.Nv Cloud physics and chemistry in meteorology)
S	42.68.Jg	Effects of aerosols
M	42.68.Jg	Effects of aerosols (see also 92.60.Mt Particles and aerosols in meteorology; 92.20.Bk Aerosols in chemical and biological oceanography; 91.40.Dr Atmospheric effects in volcanology)
S	42.68.Kh	Effects of air pollution
M	42.68.Kh	Effects of air pollution (see also 92.60.Sz Air quality and air pollution in meteorology; 92.10.Xc Ocean fog in oceanography)
S	42.68.Mj	Scattering, polarization
M	42.68.Mj	Scattering, polarization (see also 92.60.Ta Electromagnetic wave propagation and 92.60.Vb Radiative processes, solar radiation in meteorology)
	42.68.Sq	Image transmission and formation
	42.68.Wt	Remote sensing; LIDAR and adaptive systems
S	42.68.Xy	Ocean optics
M	42.68.Xy	Ocean optics (see also 92.05.Hj Physical and chemical properties of sea water in oceanography)
	42.70.-a	Optical materials (see also 81.05.-t Specific materials: fabrication, treatment, testing and analysis)
	42.70.Ce	Glasses, quartz
	42.70.Df	Liquid crystals (for structure of liquid crystals, see 61.30.-v)
	42.70.Gi	Light-sensitive materials
	42.70.Hj	Laser materials
	42.70.Jk	Polymers and organics
	42.70.Km	Infrared transmitting materials
	42.70.Ln	Holographic recording materials; optical storage media
	42.70.Mp	Nonlinear optical crystals (see also 77.84.-s Dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric materials)
	42.70.Nq	Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials
	42.70.Qs	Photonic bandgap materials (for photonic crystal lasers, see 42.55.Tv)
S	42.72.-g	Optical sources and standards
M	42.72.-g	Optical sources and standards (for lasers, see 42.55.-f)
S	42.72.Ai	Infrared sources
M	42.72.Ai	Infrared sources (see also 07.57.Hm Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave, and radiowave sources)
	42.72.Bj	Visible and ultraviolet sources
	42.79.-e	Optical elements, devices, and systems (for integrated optics, see 42.82.-m; for fiber optics, see 42.81.-i)
	... ... ...	Optical instruments, equipment and techniques, see 07.60.-j and 07.57.-c
	... ... ...	Optical spectrometers, see 07.57.Ty and 07.60.Rd
	... ... ...	Photography, photographic instruments and techniques, see 07.68.+m
	... ... ...	Magnetooptical devices, see 85.70.Sq
	42.79.Ag	Apertures, collimators
	42.79.Bh	Lenses, prisms and mirrors
	42.79.Ci	Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
	42.79.Dj	Gratings (for holographic gratings, see 42.40.Eq)
	42.79.Ek	Solar collectors and concentrators (see also 84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion: solar cells and arrays)
	42.79.Fm	Reflectors, beam splitters, and deflectors
	42.79.Gn	Optical waveguides and couplers (for fiber waveguides and waveguides in integrated optics, see 42.81.Qb and 42.82.Et, respectively)
	42.79.Hp	Optical processors, correlators, and modulators
	42.79.Jq	Acousto-optical devices (see also 43.38.Zp—in acoustics appendix)
	42.79.Kr	Display devices, liquid-crystal devices (see also 85.60.Pg Display systems)
	42.79.Ls	Scanners, image intensifiers, and image converters (see also 85.60.-q Optoelectronic devices)
	42.79.Mt	Schlieren devices
	42.79.Nv	Optical frequency converters
	42.79.Pw	Imaging detectors and sensors (see also 85.60.Gz Photodetectors)
	42.79.Qx	Range finders, remote sensing devices; laser Doppler velocimeters, SAR, and LIDAR (see also 42.68.Wt Remote sensing; LIDAR and adaptive systems)
	42.79.Ry	Gradient-index (GRIN) devices (for fiber GRIN devices, see 42.81.Ht)
	42.79.Sz	Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers (for fiber networks, see 42.81.Uv)
	42.79.Ta	Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural networks
	42.79.Vb	Optical storage systems, optical disks (see also 42.40.Ht Hologram recording and readout methods)
	42.79.Wc	Optical coatings
	42.81.-i	Fiber optics
	... ... ...	Fiber-optic instruments, see 07.60.Vg
	42.81.Bm	Fabrication, cladding, and splicing
	42.81.Cn	Fiber testing and measurement of fiber parameters
	42.81.Dp	Propagation, scattering, and losses; solitons
	42.81.Gs	Birefringence, polarization
	42.81.Ht	Gradient-index (GRIN) fiber devices
	42.81.Pa	Sensors, gyros
	42.81.Qb	Fiber waveguides, couplers, and arrays
	42.81.Uv	Fiber networks (see also 42.79.Sz Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers)
	42.81.Wg	Other fiber-optical devices (for fiber lasers, see 42.55.Wd)
	42.82.-m	Integrated optics
	42.82.Bq	Design and performance testing of integrated-optical systems
	42.82.Cr	Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer (see also 85.40.-e Microelectronics: LSI, VLSI, ULSI; integrated circuit fabrication technology)
	42.82.Ds	Interconnects, including holographic interconnects (see also 42.79.Td Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural networks)
	42.82.Et	Waveguides, couplers, and arrays (for fiber waveguides, see 42.81.Qb)
	42.82.Fv	Hybrid systems
	42.82.Gw	Other integrated-optical elements and systems
	42.86.+b	Optical workshop techniques
	42.87.-d	Optical testing techniques
	42.87.Bg	Phase shifting interferometry (see also 07.60.Ly Interferometers)
	42.88.+h	Environmental and radiation effects on optical elements, devices, and systems (see also 07.89.+b Environmental effects on instruments)
	42.90.+m	Other topics in optics (restricted to new topics in section 42)
	43.	Acoustics (for more detailed headings, see Appendix to section 43)
	43.20.+g	General linear acoustics
	43.25.+y	Nonlinear acoustics
S	43.28.+h	Aeroacoustics and atmospheric sound
M	43.28.+h	Aeroacoustics and atmospheric sound (see also 92.60.hh Acoustic gravity waves, tides, and compressional waves in meteorology)
S	43.30.+m	Underwater sound
M	43.30.+m	Underwater sound (see also 92.10.Vz—in physical oceanography)
	43.35.+d	Ultrasonics, quantum acoustics, and physical effects of sound
	... ... ...	Phonons in crystal lattices, see 63.20.-e
	... ... ...	Acoustical properties of rocks and minerals, see 91.60.Lj
	... ... ...	Sound waves in plasma, see 52.35.Dm
	... ... ...	Low-temperature acoustics and sound in liquid helium, see section 67
	... ... ...	Acoustical properties of solids, see 62.65.+k; for ultrasonic relaxation, see 62.80.+f
	... ... ...	Acoustic properties of thin films, see 68.60.Bs
	... ... ...	Acoustoelectric effects, see 72.50.+b and 73.50.Rb
	... ... ...	Magnetoacoustic effects, oscillations, and resonance, see 72.55.+s, 73.50.Rb, and 75.80.+q
	... ... ...	Acoustic holography, see 43.60.Sx in acoustics appendix; for acoustooptical effects, see 78.20.Hp
	... ... ...	Sound waves in fluid dynamics, see 47.35.Rs
	43.38.+n	Transduction; acoustical devices for the generation and reproduction of sound
	43.40.+s	Structural acoustics and vibration
	43.50.+y	Noise: its effects and control
	43.55.+p	Architectural acoustics
	43.58.+z	Acoustical measurements and instrumentation
	43.60.+d	Acoustic signal processing
	43.64.+r	Physiological acoustics
	... ... ...	Biological effects of sound and ultrasound, see 87.50.Kk
	43.66.+y	Psychological acoustics
	43.70.+i	Speech production
	43.71.+m	Speech perception
	43.72.+q	Speech processing and communication systems
	43.75.+a	Music and musical instruments
	43.80.+p	Bioacoustics
	43.90.+v	Other topics in acoustics (restricted to new topics in section 43)
	44.	Heat transfer
	44.05.+e	Analytical and numerical techniques
	44.10.+i	Heat conduction (see also 66.60.+a and 66.70.+f in transport properties of condensed matter)
	44.15.+a	Channel and internal heat flow
	44.20.+b	Boundary layer heat flow
S	44.25.+f	Natural convection
M	44.25.+f	Natural convection (see also 47.27.te Turbulent convective heat transfer in fluid dynamics)
	44.27.+g	Forced convection
	44.30.+v	Heat flow in porous media
	44.35.+c	Heat flow in multiphase systems
	44.40.+a	Thermal radiation
	44.90.+c	Other topics in heat transfer (restricted to new topics in section 44)
	45.	Classical mechanics of discrete systems
	45.05.+x	General theory of classical mechanics of discrete systems
	45.10.-b	Computational methods in classical mechanics (see also 02.70.-c Computational techniques in mathematical methods in physics)
	45.10.Db	Variational and optimization methods
	45.10.Hj	Perturbation and fractional calculus methods
	45.10.Na	Geometrical and tensorial methods
	45.20.-d	Formalisms in classical mechanics
N	45.20.D-	Newtonian mechanics
N	45.20.da	Forces and torques
N	45.20.dc	Rotational dynamics
D	45.20.Dd	Newtonian mechanics (Use 45.20.D-)
N	45.20.df	Momentum conservation
N	45.20.dg	Mechanical energy, work, and power
N	45.20.dh	Energy conservation
	45.20.Jj	Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics
	45.30.+s	General linear dynamical systems (for nonlinear dynamical systems, see 05.45.-a)
	45.40.-f	Dynamics and kinematics of rigid bodies
N	45.40.Aa	Translation kinematics
N	45.40.Bb	Rotational kinematics
	45.40.Cc	Rigid body and gyroscope motion
	45.40.Gj	Ballistics (projectiles; rockets)
	45.40.Ln	Robotics
	45.50.-j	Dynamics and kinematics of a particle and a system of particles
	45.50.Dd	General motion
	45.50.Jf	Few- and many-body systems
	45.50.Pk	Celestial mechanics (see also 95.10.Ce in fundamental astronomy)
	45.50.Tn	Collisions
	45.70.-n	Granular systems (see also 05.65.+b Self-organized systems)
	45.70.Cc	Static sandpiles; granular compaction
	45.70.Ht	Avalanches
	45.70.Mg	Granular flow: mixing, segregation and stratification
	45.70.Qj	Pattern formation
	45.70.Vn	Granular models of complex systems; traffic flow
	45.80.+r	Control of mechanical systems (see also 46.80.+j Measurement methods and techniques in continuum mechanics of solids)
	45.90.+t	Other topics in classical mechanics of discrete systems (restricted to new topics in section 45)
S	46.	Continuum mechanics of solids
M	46.	Continuum mechanics of solids (see also 83.10.Ff in rheology; 91.60.Ba Elasticity, fracture, and flow; 91.45.Ga Dynamics and mechanics of tectonics; 91.55.-y Structural geology; 91.55.Ln Kinematics of crustal and mantle deformation in geophysics)
	46.05.+b	General theory of continuum mechanics of solids
	46.15.-x	Computational methods in continuum mechanics (see also 02.70.-e Computational techniques in mathematical methods in physics)
	46.15.Cc	Variational and optimizational methods
	46.15.Ff	Perturbation and complex analysis methods
	46.25.-y	Static elasticity
	46.25.Cc	Theoretical studies
	46.25.Hf	Thermoelasticity and electromagnetic elasticity (electroelasticity, magnetoelasticity)
	46.32.+x	Static buckling and instability
S	46.35.+z	Viscoelasticity, plasticity, viscoplasticity
M	46.35.+z	Viscoelasticity, plasticity, viscoplasticity (see also 83.60.Bc, Df, in rheology; 91.60.Dc Plasticity, diffusion, and creep in physical properties of rocks and minerals)
	46.40.-f	Vibrations and mechanical waves (see also 43.40.+s Structural acoustics and vibration; 62.30.+d Mechanical and elastic waves; vibrations in mechanical properties of solids)
	46.40.Cd	Mechanical wave propagation (including diffraction, scattering, and dispersion)
	46.40.Ff	Resonance, damping, and dynamic stability
	46.40.Jj	Aeroelasticity and hydroelasticity
	46.50.+a	Fracture mechanics, fatigue and cracks (see also 62.20.Mk Fatigue, brittleness, fracture, and cracks in mechanical properties of solids)
	46.55.+d	Tribology and mechanical contacts (see also 81.40.Pq Friction, lubrication and wear in materials science; 62.20.Qp Tribology and hardness in mechanical properties of solids)
S	46.65.+g	Random phenomena and media
M	46.65.+g	Random phenomena and media (see also 05.40.-a Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion)
	46.70.-p	Application of continuum mechanics to structures
	46.70.De	Beams, plates, and shells
	46.70.Hg	Membranes, rods, and strings
	46.70.Lk	Other structures
	46.80.+j	Measurement methods and techniques in continuum mechanics of solids (see also 07.10.-h Mechanical instruments, equipment, and techniques)
	46.90.+s	Other topics in continuum mechanics of solids (restricted to new topics in section 46)
S	47.	Fluid dynamics
M	47.	Fluid dynamics (for fluid dynamics of quantum fluids, see 67; see also section 83 Rheology; for sound generation by fluid flow, see 43.28.Ra—in acoustics appendix)
D	47.10.+g	General theory (see also 83.10.-y-in rheology) (Use 47.10.-g)
N	47.10.-g	General theory in fluid dynamics
N	47.10.A-	Mathematical formulations
N	47.10.ab	Conservation laws and constitutive relations
N	47.10.ad	Navier-Stokes equations
N	47.10.Df	Hamiltonian formulations
N	47.10.Fg	Dynamical systems methods
D	47.11.+j	Computational methods in fluid dynamics (see also 83.85.Pt Computational fluid dynamics-in rheology; 02.70.-c Computational techniques in mathematical methods in physics) (Use 47.11.-j)
N	47.11.-j	Computational methods in fluid dynamics
N	47.11.Bc	Finite difference methods
N	47.11.Df	Finite volume methods
N	47.11.Fg	Finite element methods
N	47.11.Hj	Boundary element methods
N	47.11.Kb	Spectral methods
N	47.11.Mn	Molecular dynamics methods
N	47.11.Qr	Lattice gas
N	47.11.St	Multi-scale methods
	47.15.-x	Laminar flows
	47.15.Cb	Laminar boundary layers
	47.15.Fe	Stability of laminar flows
N	47.15.G-	Low-Reynolds-number (creeping) flows
D	47.15.Gf	Low-Reynolds-number (creeping) flows (Use 47.15.G-)
N	47.15.gm	Thin film flows
N	47.15.gp	Hele-Shaw flows
D	47.15.Hg	Potential flows (Use 47.15.km)
N	47.15.K-	Inviscid laminar flows
D	47.15.Ki	Inviscid flows with vorticity (Use 47.15.ki)
N	47.15.ki	Inviscid flows with vorticity
N	47.15.km	Potential flows
D	47.15.Pn	Laminar suspensions (Use 47.15.-x)
S	47.15.Rq	Laminar flows in cavities
M	47.15.Rq	Laminar flows in cavities, channels, ducts, and conduits
N	47.15.St	Free shear layers
N	47.15.Tr	Laminar wakes
N	47.15.Uv	Laminar jets
D	47.17.+e	Mechanical properties of fluids (see also 62.10.+s Mechanical properties of liquids) (Use 62.10.+s)
	... ... ...	Mechanical properties of fluids, see 62.10.+s and 51.35.+a
S	47.20.-k	Hydrodynamic stability
M	47.20.-k	Flow instabilities (see also 47.15.Fe Stability of laminar flows)
S	47.20.Bp	Buoyancy-driven instability
M	47.20.Bp	Buoyancy-driven instabilities (e.g., Rayleigh-Benard)
	47.20.Cq	Inviscid instability
	47.20.Dr	Surface-tension-driven instability
S	47.20.Ft	Instability of shear flows
M	47.20.Ft	Instability of shear flows (e.g., Kelvin-Helmholtz)
S	47.20.Gv	Viscous instability
M	47.20.Gv	Viscous and viscoelastic instabilities
S	47.20.Hw	Morphological instability; phase changes
M	47.20.Hw	Morphological instability; phase changes
N	47.20.Ib	Instability of boundary layers; separation
S	47.20.Ky	Nonlinearity (including bifurcation theory)
M	47.20.Ky	Nonlinearity, bifurcation, and symmetry breaking
S	47.20.Lz	Secondary instability
M	47.20.Lz	Secondary instabilities
S	47.20.Ma	Interfacial instability
M	47.20.Ma	Interfacial instabilities (e.g., Rayleigh-Taylor)
S	47.20.Pc	Receptivity
M	47.20.Pc	Flow receptivity
N	47.20.Qr	Centrifugal instabilities (e.g., Taylor-Couette flow)
S	47.27.-i	Turbulent flows, convection, and heat transfer
M	47.27.-i	Turbulent flows
	47.27.Ak	Fundamentals
	47.27.Cn	Transition to turbulence
N	47.27.De	Coherent structures
N	47.27.E-	Turbulence simulation and modeling
N	47.27.eb	Statistical theories and models
N	47.27.ed	Dynamical systems approaches
N	47.27.ef	Field-theoretic formulations and renormalization
N	47.27.ek	Direct numerical simulations
N	47.27.em	Eddy-viscosity closures; Reynolds stress modeling
N	47.27.ep	Large-eddy simulations
D	47.27.Eq	Turbulence simulation and modeling (Use 47.27.E-)
N	47.27.er	Spectral methods
	47.27.Gs	Isotropic turbulence; homogeneous turbulence
	47.27.Jv	High-Reynolds-number turbulence
D	47.27.Lx	Wall-bounded thin shear flows (Use 47.27.N-)
N	47.27.N-	Wall-bounded shear flow turbulence
N	47.27.nb	Boundary layer turbulence
N	47.27.nd	Channel flow
N	47.27.nf	Flows in pipes and nozzles
D	47.27.Nz	Boundary layer and shear turbulence (Use 47.27.nb)
D	47.27.Pa	Thick shear flows (Use 47.27.-i)
D	47.27.Qb	Turbulent diffusion (Use 47.27.tb)
	47.27.Rc	Turbulence control
S	47.27.Sd	Noise (turbulence generated)
M	47.27.Sd	Turbulence generated noise
N	47.27.T-	Turbulent transport processes
N	47.27.tb	Turbulent diffusion
D	47.27.Te	Convection and heat transfer (see also 44.25.+f in heat transfer) (Use 47.27.T-)
N	47.27.te	Turbulent convective heat transfer
D	47.27.Vf	Wakes (Use 47.27.wb)
N	47.27.W-	Boundary-free shear flow turbulence
N	47.27.wb	Turbulent wakes
D	47.27.Wg	Jets (Use 47.27.wg)
N	47.27.wg	Turbulent jets
N	47.27.wj	Turbulent mixing layers
S	47.32.-y	Rotational flow and vorticity
M	47.32.-y	Vortex dynamics; rotating fluids
N	47.32.C-	Vortex dynamics
N	47.32.cb	Vortex interactions
D	47.32.Cc	Vortex dynamics (Use 47.32.C-)
N	47.32.cd	Vortex stability and breakdown
N	47.32.cf	Vortex reconnection and rings
N	47.32.ck	Vortex streets
N	47.32.Ef	Rotating and swirling flows
	47.32.Ff	Separated flows
D	47.35.+i	Hydrodynamic waves (Use 47.35.-i)
N	47.35.-i	Hydrodynamic waves (See also 47.65.-d Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics; 52.35.Bj Magnetohydrodynamic waves; 52.35.Dm Sound waves in Physics of plasmas and electric discharges)
N	47.35.Bb	Gravity waves
N	47.35.De	Shear waves
N	47.35.Fg	Solitary waves
N	47.35.Jk	Wave breaking
N	47.35.Lf	Wave-structure interactions
N	47.35.Pq	Capillary waves
N	47.35.Rs	Sound waves
N	47.35.Tv	Magnetohydrodynamic waves
S	47.37.+q	Hydrodynamic aspects of superfluidity
M	47.37.+q	Hydrodynamic aspects of superfluidity; quantum fluids (See also 67.40.Hf Hydrodynamics in specific geometries, flow in narrow channels; 67.55.Fa Hydrodynamics; 67.57.De Superflow and hydrodynamics in Quantum fluids and solids; liquid and solid helium)
S	47.40.-x	Compressible flows; shock and detonation phenomena
M	47.40.-x	Compressible flows; shock waves (See also 43.25.Cb Macrosonic propagation, finite amplitude sound; shock waves in acoustics appendix; 52.35.Tc Shock waves and discontinuities in Physics of plasmas and electric discharges; 82.40.Fp Shock wave initiated reactions, high-pressure chemistry in Physical chemistry and chemical physics)
	47.40.Dc	General subsonic flows
	47.40.Hg	Transonic flows
	47.40.Ki	Supersonic and hypersonic flows
	47.40.Nm	Shock wave interactions and shock effects (for shock wave initiated chemical reactions, see 82.40.Fp)
N	47.40.Rs	Detonation waves
	47.45.-n	Rarefied gas dynamics
N	47.45.Ab	Kinetic theory of gases
	47.45.Dt	Free molecular flows
S	47.45.Gx	Slip flows
M	47.45.Gx	Slip flows and accommodation
D	47.45.Nd	Accommodation (Use 47.45.Gx)
D	47.50.+d	Non-Newtonian fluid flows (see also 83.50.-v Deformation and flow) (Use 47.50.-d)
N	47.50.-d	Non-Newtonian fluid flows
N	47.50.Cd	Modeling
N	47.50.Ef	Measurements
N	47.50.Gj	Instabilities
N	47.51.+a	Mixing (See also 64.75.+g Solubility, segregation, and mixing; phase separation in Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions; 82.60.Lf Thermodynamics of solutions in Physical chemistry and chemical physics; 83.50.Xa Mixing and blending in Rheology)
S	47.52.+j	Chaos
M	47.52.+j	Chaos in fluid dynamics (See also 05.45.-a Nonlinear dynamics and chaos in Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems)
S	47.53.+n	Fractals
M	47.53.+n	Fractals in fluid dynamics (See also 05.45.Df Fractals in Statistical physics, thermodynamics, and nonlinear dynamical systems)
D	47.54.+r	Pattern selection; pattern formation (Use 47.54.-r)
N	47.54.-r	Pattern selection; pattern formation (See also 82.40.Ck Pattern formation in reactions with diffusion, flow and heat transfer in Physical chemistry and chemical physics; 87.18.Hf Spatiotemporal pattern formation in cellular populations in Biological and medical physics)
N	47.54.Bd	Theoretical aspects
N	47.54.De	Experimental aspects
N	47.54.Fj	Chemical and biological applications
N	47.54.Jk	Materials science applications
S	47.55.-t	Nonhomogeneous flows
M	47.55.-t	Multiphase and stratified flows
D	47.55.Bx	Cavitation (Use 47.55.dp)
N	47.55.Ca	Gas/liquid flows
N	47.55.D-	Drops and bubbles
N	47.55.db	Drop and bubble formation
N	47.55.dd	Bubble dynamics
N	47.55.df	Breakup and coalescence
N	47.55.dk	Surfactant effects
N	47.55.dm	Thermocapillary effects
N	47.55.dp	Cavitation and boiling
N	47.55.dr	Interactions with surfaces
D	47.55.Dz	Drops and bubbles (Use 47.55.D-)
	47.55.Hd	Stratified flows
	... ... ...	Rotational flows, see 47.32.-y
N	47.55.Iv	Core-annular flows
S	47.55.Kf	Multiphase and particle-laden flows
M	47.55.Kf	Particle-laden flows
N	47.55.Lm	Fluidized beds
D	47.55.Mh	Flows through porous media (for heat transfer in porous media, see 44.30.+v) (Use 47.56.+r)
N	47.55.N-	Interfacial flows
N	47.55.nb	Capillary and thermocapillary flows
N	47.55.nd	Spreading films
N	47.55.nk	Liquid bridges
N	47.55.nm	Curtains/sheets
N	47.55.np	Contact lines
N	47.55.P-	Buoyancy-driven flows; convection
N	47.55.pb	Thermal convection
N	47.55.pd	Multidiffusive convection
N	47.55.pf	Marangoni convection
N	47.56.+r	Flows through porous media
N	47.57.-s	Complex fluids and colloidal systems (See also 82.70.-y Disperse systems; complex fluids in Physical chemistry and chemical physics; 83.80.Hj Suspensions, dispersions, pastes, slurries, colloids; 83.80.Iz Emulsions and foams in Rheology)
N	47.57.Bc	Foams and emulsions
N	47.57.E-	Suspensions
N	47.57.eb	Diffusion and aggregation
N	47.57.ef	Sedimentation and migration
N	47.57.Gc	Granular flow
N	47.57.J-	Colloidal systems
N	47.57.jb	Microemulsions
N	47.57.jd	Electrokinetic effects
N	47.57.Lj	Flows of liquid crystals
N	47.57.Ng	Polymers and polymer solutions
N	47.57.Qk	Rheological aspects
S	47.60.+i	Flows in ducts, channels, nozzles, and conduits
M	47.60.+i	Flows in ducts, channels, nozzles, and conduits (see also 43.28.Py Interaction of fluid motion and sound, Doppler effect and sound in flow ducts and 43.55.Rg Sound transmission through walls and through ducts—in acoustics appendix; 47.15.Rq Laminar flows in cavities, channels, ducts and conduits; 47.27.nd Channel flow; 47.27.nf Flows in pipes and nozzles)
N	47.61.-k	Micro- and nano- scale flow phenomena
N	47.61.Cb	Non-continuum effects
N	47.61.Fg	Flows in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS)
N	47.61.Jd	Multiphase flows
N	47.61.Ne	Micromixing
D	47.62.+q	Flow control (Use 47.85.L-)
N	47.63.-b	Biological fluid dynamics (see also 87.19.Tt Rheology of body fluids; 87.19.Uv Haemodynamics, pneumodynamics; 87.19.St Movement and locomotion in Biological and medical physics)
N	47.63.Cb	Blood flow in cardiovascular system
N	47.63.Ec	Pulmonary fluid mechanics
N	47.63.Gd	Swimming microorganisms
N	47.63.Jd	Microcirculation and flow through tissues
N	47.63.M-	Biopropulsion in water and air
N	47.63.mc	High-Reynolds-number motions
N	47.63.mf	Low-Reynolds-number motions
N	47.63.mh	Transport processes and drug delivery
D	47.65.+a	Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics (for MHD in plasma, see 52.30.Cv) (Use 47.65.-d)
N	47.65.-d	Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics (See also 47.35.Tv Magnetohydrodynamic waves; 52.30.Cv Magnetohydrodynamics, and 52.65.Kj Magnetohydrodynamics and fluid equation in Physics of plasmas and electric discharges; 83.80.Gv Electro- and magnetorheological fluids in Rheology)
N	47.65.Cb	Magnetic fluids and ferrofluids
N	47.65.Gx	Electrorheological fluids
N	47.65.Md	Plasma dynamos
S	47.70.-n	Reactive, radiative, or nonequilibrium flows
M	47.70.-n	Reactive and radiative flows (See also 82.33.Vx Reactions in flames, combustion and explosion; 82.33.Xj Plasma reactions (including flowing afterglow and electric discharges); 82.33.Ya Chemistry of MOCVD and other vapor deposition methods in Physical chemistry and chemical physics; 92.60.Vb Radiative processes, solar radiation in Hydrospheric and atmospheric geophysics)
	47.70.Fw	Chemically reactive flows (see also 83.80.Jx-in rheology)
	47.70.Mc	Radiation gas dynamics
	47.70.Nd	Nonequilibrium gas dynamics
N	47.70.Pq	Flames; combustion
S	47.75.+f	Relativistic fluid dynamics
M	47.75.+f	Relativistic fluid dynamics (See also 52.27.Ny Relativistic plasmas in Physics of plasmas and electric discharges; 98.80.Jk Mathematical and relativistic aspects of cosmology in Stellar systems; interstellar medium; galactic and extragalactic objects and systems; the Universe)
D	47.80.+v	Instrumentation for fluid dynamics (see also 83.85.-c-in rheology; 07.30.-t Vacuum apparatus and techniques) (Use 47.80.-v)
N	47.80.-v	Instrumentation and measurement methods in fluid dynamics
N	47.80.Cb	Velocity measurements
N	47.80.Fg	Pressure and temperature measurements
N	47.80.Jk	Flow visualization and imaging
	47.85.-g	Applied fluid mechanics
	47.85.Dh	Hydrodynamics, hydraulics, hydrostatics
	47.85.Gj	Aerodynamics
	47.85.Kn	Hydraulic and pneumatic machinery
N	47.85.L-	Flow control
N	47.85.lb	Drag reduction
N	47.85.ld	Boundary layer control
N	47.85.lf	Flow noise reduction
N	47.85.lk	Mixing enhancement
N	47.85.M-	Material processing flows; industrial applications
N	47.85.mb	Coating flows
N	47.85.md	Polymer processing flows
N	47.85.mf	Lubrication flows
	47.85.Np	Fluidics
	... ... ...	Atmospheric circulation, see 92.60.Bh
	... ... ...	Atmospheric boundary layer processes, see 92.60.Fm
	... ... ...	Atmospheric turbulence, see 92.60.hk
	... ... ...	Storms, see 92.60.Qx
	... ... ...	Hydrodynamics of the oceans, see 92.10.-c
	... ... ...	Mantle convection, see 91.45.Fj
	... ... ...	Lava and magma rheology, see 83.80.Nb, 91.40.Hw, and 91.40.Jk
	... ... ...	Groundwater flow, see 92.40.Kf
	... ... ...	Role of fluids in structural geology, see 91.55.Tt
	... ... ...	Flows in streams and rivers, see 92.40.Qk; see also 92.40.qh and 92.40.qp in geophysics appendix
	... ... ...	Geothermal fluids, see 91.40.Ge
	47.90.+a	Other topics in fluid dynamics (restricted to new topics in section 47)