30.	ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
	31.	Electronic structure of atoms and molecules: theory
	31.10.+z	Theory of electronic structure, electronic transitions, and chemical binding (for theory and mathematical methods applied to electronic structure of biomolecules, see 87.10.−e)
S	31.15.-p	Calculations and mathematical techniques in atomic and molecular physics (excluding electron correlation calculations)
M	31.15.-p	Calculations and mathematical techniques in atomic and molecular physics (see also 02.70.−c Computational techniques, in mathematical methods in physics)
N	31.15.A-	Ab initio calculations
N	31.15.ac	High-precision calculations for few-electron (or few-body) atomic systems
N	31.15.ae	Electronic structure and bonding characteristics
N	31.15.ag	Excitation energies and lifetimes; oscillator strengths
N	31.15.aj	Relativistic corrections, spin-orbit effects, fine structure; hyperfine structure
N	31.15.am	Relativistic configuration interaction (CI) and many-body perturbation calculations
N	31.15.ap	Polarizabilities and other atomic and molecular properties
N	31.15.aq	Strongly correlated electron systems: generalized tight-binding method
D	31.15.Ar	Ab initio calculations (Use 31.15.A-)
N	31.15.at	Molecule transport characteristics; molecular dynamics; electronic structure of polymers
N	31.15.B-	Approximate calculations
D	31.15.Bs	Statistical model calculations (including Thomas–Fermi and Thomas–Fermi–Dirac models) (Use 31.15.bt)
N	31.15.bt	Statistical model calculations (including Thomas–Fermi and Thomas–Fermi–Dirac models)
N	31.15.bu	Semi-empirical and empirical calculations (differential overlap, Hückel, PPP methods, etc.)
N	31.15.bw	Coupled-cluster theory
D	31.15.Ct	Semi-empirical and empirical calculations (differential overlap, Hu¨ckel, PPP methods, etc.) (Use 31.15.bu)
D	31.15.Dv	Coupled-cluster theory (Use 31.15.bw)
N	31.15.E-	Density-functional theory
N	31.15.ec	Hohenberg-Kohn theorem and formal mathematical properties, completeness theorems
N	31.15.ee	Time-dependent density functional theory
N	31.15.eg	Exchange-correlation functionals (in current density functional theory)
N	31.15.ej	Spin-density functionals
N	31.15.em	Corrections for core-spin polarization, surface effects, etc.
N	31.15.ep	Variational particle-number approach
N	31.15.es	Applications of density-functional theory (e.g., to electronic structure and stability; defect formation; dielectric properties, susceptibilities; viscoelastic coefficients; Rydberg transition frequencies)
D	31.15.Ew	Density-functional theory (Use 31.15.E-)
D	31.15.Fx	Finite-difference schemes (Use 31.15.xf)
D	31.15.Gy	Semiclassical methods (Use 31.15.xg)
D	31.15.Hz	Group theory (Use 31.15.xh)
D	31.15.Ja	Hyperspherical methods (Use 31.15.xj)
D	31.15.Kb	Path-integral methods (Use 31.15.xk)
D	31.15.Lc	Quasiparticle methods (Use 31.15.xm)
D	31.15.Md	Perturbation theory (Use 31.15.xp)
D	31.15.Ne	Self-consistent-field methods (Use 31.15.xr)
D	31.15.Pf	Variational techniques (Use 31.15.xt)
D	31.15.Qg	Molecular dynamics and other numerical methods (Use 31.15.xv)
D	31.15.Rh	Valence bond calculations (Use 31.15.xw)
N	31.15.V-	Electron correlation calculations for atoms, ions and molecules
N	31.15.ve	Electron correlation calculations for atoms and ions: ground state
N	31.15.vj	Electron correlation calculations for atoms and ions: excited states
N	31.15.vn	Electron correlation calculations for diatomic molecules
N	31.15.vq	Electron correlation calculations for polyatomic molecules
N	31.15.X-	Alternative approaches
N	31.15.xf	Finite-difference schemes
N	31.15.xg	Semiclassical methods
N	31.15.xh	Group-theoretical methods (see also 02.20.−a Group theory in mathematical methods in physics)
N	31.15.xj	Hyperspherical methods
N	31.15.xk	Path-integral methods
N	31.15.xm	Quasiparticle methods
N	31.15.xp	Perturbation theory
N	31.15.xr	Self-consistent-field methods
N	31.15.xt	Variational techniques
N	31.15.xv	Molecular dynamics and other numerical methods (for simulation techniques for biomolecules, see 87.15.ak, ap)
N	31.15.xw	Valence bond calculations
D	31.25.-v	Electron correlation calculations for atoms and molecules (Use 31.15.V-)
D	31.25.Eb	Electron correlation calculations for atoms and ions: ground state (Use 31.15.ve)
D	31.25.Jf	Electron correlation calculations for atoms and ions: excited states (Use 31.15.vj)
D	31.25.Nj	Electron correlation calculations for diatomic molecules (Use 31.15.vn)
D	31.25.Qm	Electron correlation calculations for polyatomic molecules (Use 31.15.vq)
S	31.30.-i	Corrections to electronic structure
M	31.30.-i	Corrections to electronic structure (see also 03.30.+p Special relativity; for exotic atoms and molecules, see 36.10.−k; for applications of density-functional theory, see 31.15.es)
S	31.30.Gs	Hyperfine interactions and isotope effects, Jahn–Teller effect
M	31.30.Gs	Hyperfine interactions and isotope effects (see also 32.10.Fn Fine and hyperfine structure)
N	31.30.J-	Relativistic and quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects in atoms, molecules, and ions
N	31.30.jc	Relativistic corrections to atomic structure and properties
N	31.30.jd	Relativistic corrections due to negative-energy states or processes
N	31.30.jf	QED calculations of level energies, transition frequencies, fine structure intervals (radiative corrections, self-energy, vacuum polarization, etc.)
N	31.30.jg	QED corrections to parity nonconserving transition amplitudes and CP violations
N	31.30.jh	QED corrections to long-range and weak interactions
N	31.30.jn	QED corrections to electric dipole moments and other atomic properties
N	31.30.jp	Electron electric dipole moment
N	31.30.jr	QED corrections (Lamb shift) in muonic hydrogen and deuterium (see also 36.10.Ee Muonium, muonic atoms and molecules)
N	31.30.js	Corrections to bound-electron g factor
D	31.30.Jv	Relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects in atoms and molecules (Use 31.30.J-)
N	31.30.jx	Nonrelativistic limits of Dirac-Fock calculations
N	31.30.jy	Higher-order effective Hamiltonians
N	31.30.jz	Decay rates of hydrogen-antihydrogen quasimolecules (for exotic atoms and molecules, see 36.10.−k)
S	31.50.-x	Potential energy surfaces
M	31.50.-x	Potential energy surfaces (for potential energy surfaces for chemical reactions, see 82.20.Kh; for collisions, see 34.20.−b)
	31.50.Bc	Potential energy surfaces for ground electronic states
	31.50.Df	Potential energy surfaces for excited electronic states
	31.50.Gh	Surface crossings, non-adiabatic couplings
	31.70.-f	Effects of atomic and molecular interactions on electronic structure (see also section 34 Atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions)
	31.70.Dk	Environmental and solvent effects
	31.70.Hq	Time-dependent phenomena: excitation and relaxation processes, and reaction rates (for chemical kinetics aspects, see 82.20.Rp)
	31.70.Ks	Molecular solids
	31.90.+s	Other topics in the theory of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules (restricted to new topics in section 31)
S	32.	Atomic properties and interactions with photons
M	32.	Atomic properties and interactions with photons (for quantum chaos, see 05.45.Mt; for standards of calibration, see 06.20.fb; for relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects, see 31.30.J−)
S	32.10.-f	Properties of atoms
M	32.10.-f	Properties of atoms (for astrophysical applications, see 95.30.Ky)
	32.10.Bi	Atomic masses, mass spectra, abundances, and isotopes (for mass spectroscopy, see 07.75.+h in instruments, and 82.80.Ms, Nj, Rt in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
S	32.10.Dk	Electric and magnetic moments, polarizability
M	32.10.Dk	Electric and magnetic moments, polarizabilities
N	32.10.Ee	Magnetic bound states, magnetic trapping of Rydberg states
S	32.10.Fn	Fine and hyperfine structure
M	32.10.Fn	Fine and hyperfine structure (see also 31.30.Gs Hyperfine interactions and isotope effects)
	32.10.Hq	Ionization potentials, electron affinities
S	32.30.-r	Atomic spectra
M	32.30.-r	Atomic spectra (see also 78.47.J− Ultrafast pump/probe spectroscopy in condensed matter and 82.53.Kp Coherent spectroscopy of atoms and molecules in physical chemistry and chemical physics)
	32.30.Bv	Radio-frequency, microwave, and infrared spectra
	32.30.Dx	Magnetic resonance spectra
	32.30.Jc	Visible and ultraviolet spectra
	32.30.Rj	X-ray spectra
	32.50.+d	Fluorescence, phosphorescence (including quenching)
	32.60.+i	Zeeman and Stark effects
S	32.70.-n	Intensities and shapes of atomic spectral lines
M	32.70.-n	Intensities and shapes of atomic spectral lines (see also 31.15.−p Calculations and mathematical techniques)
	32.70.Cs	Oscillator strengths, lifetimes, transition moments
	32.70.Fw	Absolute and relative intensities
	32.70.Jz	Line shapes, widths, and shifts
S	32.80.-t	Photon interactions with atoms
M	32.80.-t	Photoionization and excitation
N	32.80.Aa	Inner-shell excitation and ionization
	... ... ...	Atomic scattering cross sections, form factors, Compton scattering, see section 34
D	32.80.Bx	Level crossing and optical pumping (Use 32.80.Xx)
D	32.80.Cy	Atomic scattering, cross sections, and form factors; Compton scattering (Use 34.50.-s)
D	32.80.Dz	Autoionization (Use 32.80.Zb)
N	32.80.Ee	Rydberg states
S	32.80.Fb	Photoionization of atoms and ions
M	32.80.Fb	Photoionization of atoms and ions (for fluorescence yield, see 32.50.+d)
	32.80.Gc	Photodetachment of atomic negative ions
S	32.80.Hd	Auger effect and inner-shell excitation or ionization
M	32.80.Hd	Auger effect (including Coster-Krönig transitions)
	... ... ...	Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions, see 37.10.Vz
	... ... ...	Atom cooling methods, traps and guides, see 37.10.De and 37.10.Gh
	... ... ...	Atoms in optical lattices, see 37.10.Jk
D	32.80.Lg	Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions (Use 37.10.Vz)
D	32.80.Pj	Optical cooling of atoms; trapping (Use 37.10.De and 37.10.Gh)
	32.80.Qk	Coherent control of atomic interactions with photons
S	32.80.Rm	Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states)
M	32.80.Rm	Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states
	32.80.Wr	Other multiphoton processes
N	32.80.Xx	Level crossing and optical pumping
D	32.80.Ys	Weak-interaction effects in atoms (Use 37.10.Gh and 31.30.jg)
N	32.80.Zb	Autoionization
	32.90.+a	Other topics in atomic properties and interactions of atoms with photons (restricted to new topics in section 32)
	33.	Molecular properties and interactions with photons
S	33.15.-e	Properties of molecules
M	33.15.-e	Properties of molecules (see also section 31, Electronic structure of atoms and molecules: theory; for molecules of interest in astrophysics, see 95.30.Ky; for structure and properties of biomolecules, see 87.15.−v)
	33.15.Bh	General molecular conformation and symmetry; stereochemistry
	33.15.Dj	Interatomic distances and angles
	33.15.Fm	Bond strengths, dissociation energies
	33.15.Hp	Barrier heights (internal rotation, inversion, rotational isomerism, conformational dynamics)
	33.15.Kr	Electric and magnetic moments (and derivatives), polarizability, and magnetic susceptibility
	33.15.Mt	Rotation, vibration, and vibration–rotation constants
	33.15.Pw	Fine and hyperfine structure
	33.15.Ry	Ionization potentials, electron affinities, molecular core binding energy
	33.15.Ta	Mass spectra
	33.15.Vb	Correlation times in molecular dynamics
S	33.20.-t	Molecular spectra
M	33.20.-t	Molecular spectra (see also 78.47.J− Ultrafast pump/probe spectroscopy in condensed matter and 82.53.Kp Coherent spectroscopy of atoms and molecules; for chemical analytical methods using spectroscopy, see 82.80.Dx, Gk, Ha in physical chemistry; 87.64.−t Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques in biological physics; for spectra of macromolecules and polymer molecules, see 36.20.Kd)
	33.20.Bx	Radio-frequency and microwave spectra
	33.20.Ea	Infrared spectra
	33.20.Fb	Raman and Rayleigh spectra (including optical scattering)
	33.20.Kf	Visible spectra
	33.20.Lg	Ultraviolet spectra
	33.20.Ni	Vacuum ultraviolet spectra
	33.20.Rm	X-ray spectra
	33.20.Sn	Rotational analysis
	33.20.Tp	Vibrational analysis
	33.20.Vq	Vibration–rotation analysis
	33.20.Wr	Vibronic, rovibronic, and rotation–electron-spin interactions
N	33.20.Xx	Spectra induced by strong-field or attosecond laser irradiation (see also 33.60.+q Photoelectron spectra)
S	33.25.+k	Nuclear resonance and relaxation
M	33.25.+k	Nuclear resonance and relaxation (see also 76.60.−k Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation in condensed matter; 82.56.−b Nuclear magnetic resonance in physical chemistry and chemical physics; 87.80.Lg Magnetic and paramagnetic resonance in biological physics)
	33.35.+r	Electron resonance and relaxation (see also 76.30.−v Electron paramagnetic resonance and relaxation in condensed matter)
	33.40.+f	Multiple resonances (including double and higher-order resonance processes, such as double nuclear magnetic resonance, electron double resonance, and microwave optical double resonance) (see also 76.70.−r Magnetic double resonances and cross effects in condensed matter)
S	33.45.+x	Mo?ssbauer spectra
M	33.45.+x	Mössbauer spectra (see also 76.80.+y Mössbauer effect; other γ-ray spectroscopy in condensed matter; for biophysical applications, see 87.64.Kx; for chemical analysis applications, see 82.80.Ej)
S	33.50.-j	Fluorescence and phosphorescence; radiationless transitions, quenching (intersystem crossing, internal conversion)
M	33.50.-j	Fluorescence and phosphorescence; radiationless transitions, quenching (intersystem crossing, internal conversion) (for energy transfer, see also section 34; for biophysical applications, see 87.64.kv)
	33.50.Dq	Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra
	33.50.Hv	Radiationless transitions, quenching
N	33.55.+b	Optical activity and dichroism
D	33.55.-b	Optical activity and dichroism; magnetooptical and electrooptical spectra (Use 33.57.+c and 33.55.+b)
D	33.55.Ad	Optical activity, optical rotation; circular dichroism (Use 33.55.+b)
D	33.55.Be	Zeeman and Stark effects (Use 33.57.+c)
D	33.55.Fi	Other magnetooptical and electrooptical effects (Use 33.57.+c)
N	33.57.+c	Magnetooptical and electrooptical spectra and effects
N	33.60.+q	Photoelectron spectra (for biophysical applications, see 87.64.ks)
D	33.60.-q	Photoelectron spectra (Use 33.60.+q)
D	33.60.Cv	Ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (Use 33.60.+q )
D	33.60.Fy	X-ray photoelectron spectra (Use 33.60.+q )
	33.70.-w	Intensities and shapes of molecular spectral lines and bands
	33.70.Ca	Oscillator and band strengths, lifetimes, transition moments, and Franck–Condon factors
	33.70.Fd	Absolute and relative line and band intensities
	33.70.Jg	Line and band widths, shapes, and shifts
	33.80.-b	Photon interactions with molecules (see also 42.50.−p Quantum optics)
	33.80.Be	Level crossing and optical pumping
	33.80.Eh	Autoionization, photoionization, and photodetachment
	33.80.Gj	Diffuse spectra; predissociation, photodissociation
	... ... ...	Slowing, cooling, and trapping of molecules, see 37.10.Mn and 37.10.Pq
D	33.80.Ps	Optical cooling of molecules; trapping (Use 37.10.Mn and 37.10.Pq)
	33.80.Rv	Multiphoton ionization and excitation to highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states)
	33.80.Wz	Other multiphoton processes
	33.90.+h	Other topics in molecular properties and interactions with photons (restricted to new topics in section 33)
S	34.	Atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions
M	34.	Atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions (for atomic, molecular, and ionic collisions in plasma, see 52.20.Hv; for atoms and molecules of astrophysical interest, see 95.30.Dr, Ft; see also 98.38.Bn and 98.58.Bz in interstellar media in astronomy; 87.15.K− Molecular interactions, membrane-protein interactions in biological physics)
	34.10.+x	General theories and models of atomic and molecular collisions and interactions (including statistical theories, transition state, stochastic and trajectory models, etc.)
S	34.20.-b	Interatomic and intermolecular potentials and forces, potential energy surfaces for collisions
M	34.20.-b	Interatomic and intermolecular potentials and forces, potential energy surfaces for collisions (see also 82.20.Kh Potential energy surfaces for reactions; for potential energy surfaces in electronic structure calculations, see 31.50.−x)
	34.20.Cf	Interatomic potentials and forces
	34.20.Gj	Intermolecular and atom–molecule potentials and forces
D	34.20.Mq	Potential energy surfaces for collisions (see also 82.20.Kh Potential energy surfaces for chemical reactions; for potential energy surface in electronic structure calculations, see 31.50.−x) (Use 34.20.-b)
D	34.30.+h	Intramolecular energy transfer; intramolecular dynamics; dynamics of van der Waals molecules (Use 33.15.Hp)
N	34.35.+a	Interactions of atoms and molecules with surfaces
	34.50.-s	Scattering of atoms and molecules
	34.50.Bw	Energy loss and stopping power
N	34.50.Cx	Elastic; ultracold collisions
D	34.50.Dy	Interactions of atoms and molecules with surfaces; photon and electron emission; neutralization of ions (for surface characterization by particle−surface scattering, see 68.49.−h in surfaces, interfaces, thin films, and low−dimensional structures) (Use 34.35.+a)
	34.50.Ez	Rotational and vibrational energy transfer
	34.50.Fa	Electronic excitation and ionization of atoms (including beam–foil excitation and ionization)
S	34.50.Gb	Electronic excitation and ionization of molecules; intermediate molecular states (including lifetimes, state mixing, etc.)
M	34.50.Gb	Electronic excitation and ionization of molecules
S	34.50.Lf	Chemical reactions, energy disposal, and angular distribution, as studied by atomic and molecular beams
M	34.50.Lf	Chemical reactions
D	34.50.Pi	State-to-state scattering analyses (Use 34.50.-s)
	34.50.Rk	Laser-modified scattering and reactions
D	34.60.+z	Scattering in highly excited states (e.g., Rydberg states) (Use 34.50.-s)
S	34.70.+e	Charge transfer
M	34.70.+e	Charge transfer (for charge transfer in biological systems, see 82.39.Jn in physical chemistry)
S	34.80.-i	Electron scattering
M	34.80.-i	Electron and positron scattering
S	34.80.Bm	Elastic scattering of electrons by atoms and molecules
M	34.80.Bm	Elastic scattering
S	34.80.Dp	Atomic excitation and ionization by electron impact
M	34.80.Dp	Atomic excitation and ionization
S	34.80.Gs	Molecular excitation and ionization by electron impact
M	34.80.Gs	Molecular excitation and ionization
S	34.80.Ht	Dissociation and dissociative attachment by electron impact
M	34.80.Ht	Dissociation and dissociative attachment
D	34.80.Kw	Electron–ion scattering; excitation and ionization (Use 34.80.-i)
S	34.80.Lx	Electron–ion recombination and electron attachment
M	34.80.Lx	Recombination, attachment, and positronium formation
D	34.80.My	Fundamental electron inelastic processes in weakly ionized gases (Use 34.80.-i)
S	34.80.Nz	Spin dependence of cross sections; polarized electron beam experiments
M	34.80.Nz	Spin dependence of cross sections; polarized beam experiments
S	34.80.Pa	Coherence and correlation in electron scattering
M	34.80.Pa	Coherence and correlation
	34.80.Qb	Laser-modified scattering
N	34.80.Uv	Positron scattering
D	34.85.+x	Positron scattering (Use 34.80.Uv)
	34.90.+q	Other topics in atomic and molecular collision processes and interactions (restricted to new topics in section 34)
	36.	Exotic atoms and molecules; macromolecules; clusters
S	36.10.-k	Exotic atoms and molecules (containing mesons, muons, and other unusual particles)
M	36.10.-k	Exotic atoms and molecules (containing mesons, antiprotons and other unusual particles)
S	36.10.Dr	Positronium, muonium, muonic atoms and molecules
M	36.10.Dr	Positronium (see also 82.30.Gg Positronium chemistry)
N	36.10.Ee	Muonium, muonic atoms and molecules [see also 31.30.jr QED corrections (Lamb shift) in muonic hydrogen and deuterium]
S	36.10.Gv	Mesonic atoms and molecules, hyperonic atoms and molecules
M	36.10.Gv	Mesonic, hyperonic and antiprotonic atoms and molecules
S	36.20.-r	Macromolecules and polymer molecules
M	36.20.-r	Macromolecules and polymer molecules
	36.20.Cw	Molecular weights, dispersity
	36.20.Ey	Conformation (statistics and dynamics)
	36.20.Fz	Constitution (chains and sequences)
	36.20.Hb	Configuration (bonds, dimensions)
	36.20.Kd	Electronic structure and spectra
	36.20.Ng	Vibrational and rotational structure, infrared and Raman spectra
S	36.40.-c	Atomic and molecular clusters
M	36.40.-c	Atomic and molecular clusters (see also 61.46.−w Nanoscale materials in condensed matter)
	36.40.Cg	Electronic and magnetic properties of clusters
	36.40.Ei	Phase transitions in clusters
	36.40.Gk	Plasma and collective effects in clusters
	36.40.Jn	Reactivity of clusters
	36.40.Mr	Spectroscopy and geometrical structure of clusters
	36.40.Qv	Stability and fragmentation of clusters
	36.40.Sx	Diffusion and dynamics of clusters
	36.40.Vz	Optical properties of clusters
	36.40.Wa	Charged clusters
	36.90.+f	Other topics in exotic atoms and molecules; macromolecules; clusters (restricted to new topics in section 36)
N	37.	Mechanical control of atoms, molecules, and ions (see also 82.37.Gk STM and AFM manipulations of a single molecule in physical chemistry and chemical physics; for atom manipulation in nanofabrication and processing, see 81.16.Ta; see also 03.75.−b Matter waves)
N	37.10.-x	Atom, molecule, and ion cooling methods (see also 87.80.Cc Optical trapping in biophysical techniques)
N	37.10.De	Atom cooling methods
N	37.10.Gh	Atom traps and guides
N	37.10.Jk	Atoms in optical lattices
N	37.10.Mn	Slowing and cooling of molecules
N	37.10.Pq	Trapping of molecules
N	37.10.Rs	Ion cooling
N	37.10.Ty	Ion trapping
N	37.10.Vz	Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, and ions
N	37.20.+j	Atomic and molecular beam sources and techniques
N	37.25.+k	Atom interferometry techniques (see also 03.75.Dg Atom and neutron interferometry in matter waves)
N	37.30.+i	Atoms, molecules, and ions in cavities (see also 42.50.Pq Cavity quantum electrodynamics; micromasers)
N	37.90.+j	Other topics in mechanical control of atoms, molecules, and ions (restricted to new topics in section 37)
D	39.	Instrumentation and techniques for atomic and molecular physics (Use 07.77.-n)
D	39.10.+j	Atomic and molecular beam sources and techniques (Use 37.20.+j)
D	39.20.+q	Atom interferometry techniques (see also 03.75.Dg Atom and neutron interferometry in quantum mechanics) (Use 37.25.+k)
D	39.25.+k	Atom manipulation (scanning probe microscopy, laser cooling, etc.) (see also 82.37.Gk STM and AFM manipulations of a single molecule in physical chemistry and chemical physics; for atom manipulation in nanofabrication and processing, see 81.16.Ta) (Use 37.10.De and 37.10.Gh)
D	39.30.+w	Spectroscopic techniques (see also 78.47.+p Time−resolved optical spectroscopies and other ultrafast optical measurements in condensed matter and 82.53.Kp Coherent spectroscopy of atoms and molecules in physical chemistry and chemical physics) (Use 07.57.-c and 07.60.-j)
D	39.90.+d	Other instrumentation and techniques for atomic and molecular physics (restricted to new topics in section 39) (Use 07.77.-n)