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The dumbbell-shaped blobs represent the quantum wavefunctions of Cooper pairs of electrons at they move through a crystal of superconductor and approach a thin insulating layer which they must tunnel through to enter yet another crystal. In the lower of the two paths, the dumbbell is made to rotate through a phase angle of pi. (Courtesy of Augsburg University)
reported by: Schulz et al., in the 7 February Applied Physics Letters
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