Number 28 (Story #3), April 4, 1991 by Phillip F. Schewe and Ben Stein INVESTIGATING CP VIOLATION is the chief aim of new competing B-factory proposals from Cornell and Stanford. CP violation was first observed in neutral kaon-decay experiments in 1964; the effect essentially consists of a slight discrepancy (0.2%) in the rates at which a kaon turns into an anti-kaon and vice versa. Such a tiny difference is of great interest, however, since it might account for the present preponderance of matter over antimatter in the visible universe. Some scientists suspect that CP violation can best be pursued by studying the behavior of B and anti-B mesons, which are much more massive than kaons; hence the proposals for building dedicated B-meson facilities. SLAC submitted its proposal to the U.S. Dept. of Energy on 18 Feb., while Cornell submitted its proposal to the NSF on 21 Feb. The proposals, in the $100-200 million range, call for finished machines by 1997. (Science, 22 Mar. 1991.)