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Physics News Update
Number 378 (Story #1), June 24, 1998 by Phillip F. Schewe and Ben Stein

THE PHYSICS OF FOOTBALL (soccer) is au courant now that the 1998 World Cup has begun in France. The June 1998 issue of Physics World anatomizes a great moment in recent soccer history---the penalty kick taken by Brazilian player Roberto Carlos in a game last year against France. Carlos kicks the ball with high speed (70 mph) and imparts a high spin (10 rev/sec). Airflow past the rocketing ball is at first in the low-drag, turbulent regime. However, about 10 m along its trajectory (just as it shoots wide of a wall of poised defenders) the ball slows enough for it to enter into a smooth-airflow (laminar) phase. This entails an ever increasing degree of drag, which in turns brings the Bernouilli principle (and a hefty sideways force, or "lift") into play, dramatically curving the ball past the goalie into the net.