Slow waves on magnetic metamaterials and on chains of plasmonic nanoparticles: Driven solutions in the presence of retardation
O. Zhuromskyy, O. Sydoruk, E. Shamonina, and L. Solymar
Slow waves on chains or lattices of resonant elements offer a unique tool for guiding and manipulating the electromagnetic radiation on a subwavelength scale. Applications range from radio waves to optics with two major classes of structures being used: (i) metamaterials made of coupled ring resonat ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 104908 (2009)] published Mon Nov 23, 2009.
Enhanced mass transport in ultrarapidly heated Ni/Si thin-film multilayers
L. P. Cook, R. E. Cavicchi, N. Bassim, S. Eustis, W. Wong-Ng et al.
We investigated multilayer and bilayer Ni/Si thin films by nanodifferential scanning calorimetry (nano-DSC) at ultrarapid scan rates, in a temperature-time regime not accessible with conventional apparatus. DSC experiments were completed at slower scan rates as well, where it was possible to conduct ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 104909 (2009)] published Mon Nov 23, 2009.
On the role of surface plasmon polaritons in the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures upon irradiation of silicon by femtosecond-laser pulses
Jorn Bonse, Arkadi Rosenfeld, and Jorg Kruger
The formation of nearly wavelength-sized laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) on single-crystalline silicon upon irradiation with single or multiple femtosecond-laser pulses (pulse duration tau=130 fs and central wavelength lambda=800 nm) in air is studied experimentally and theoreti ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 104910 (2009)] published Mon Nov 23, 2009.
Radical oxidation of germanium for interface gate dielectric GeO formation in metal-insulator-semiconductor gate stack
Masaharu Kobayashi, Gaurav Thareja, Masato Ishibashi, Yun Sun, Peter Griffin et al.
GeO was grown by a slot-plane-antenna (SPA) high density radical oxidation, and the oxidation kinetics of radical oxidation GeO was examined. By the SPA radical oxidation, no substrate orientation dependence of growth rate attributed to highly reactive oxygen radicals with low oxidation activation e ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 104117 (2009)] published Mon Nov 23, 2009.
Inverted method for fabricating a nano-aperture device with subwavelength structures
A. Suutala, J. Olkkonen, D. C. Cox, J. Lappalainen, and H. Jantunen
An inverted method for fabricating a plasmonic nanoaperture device by using focused ion beam (FIB) milling and focused electron beam (FEB) induced deposition is proposed here. The device structure presented consists of a periodic annulus grating pattern along the interface of a quartz substrate and ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 27, 2457 (2009)] published Mon Nov 23, 2009.
Effect of anion-to-cation supplying ratio on the surface morphology of AlN films grown on ZnO substrates at low temperature
Inho Im, Mina Jung, Jieun Koo, Hyunjae Lee, Jinsub Park et al.
The authors investigated the evolution of surface morphology of AlN films grown on ZnO substrates at low temperature (LT) (400 degrees C) as a function of anion/cation supplying ratio (V/III ratio). Unlike the well-known favorable growth conditions for high-temperature growth, smooth-surface LT-Al ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 28, 61 (2009)] published Mon Nov 23, 2009.
Impact of Precursor Chemistry and Process Conditions on the Scalability of ALD HfO Gate Dielectrics
Johan Swerts, Nick Peys, Laura Nyns, Annelies Delabie, Alexis Franquet et al.
The downscaling of high-k/metal gate transistor devices requires thin-film deposition processes that deliver not only an outstanding high-k oxide quality, but also a strict interfacial oxide thickness control in the sub-1 nm thickness range. To study the impact of atomic layer deposition (ALD) proce ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, G26 (2009)] published Fri Nov 20, 2009.
Surface functionalized BaSrTiO /poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites with significantly enhanced dielectric properties
Kecheng Li, Hong Wang, Feng Xiang, Weihong Liu, and Haibo Yang
A nanocomposite was prepared by embedding BaSrTiO (BST)/silver core/shell nanoparticles (BST@Ag) into polyvinylidene-fluoride (PVDF). Through functionalizing the surface of BST nanoparticles by silver coating, the relative permittivity of composites was significantly increased to 153 at 100 Hz which ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 202904 (2009)] published Fri Nov 20, 2009.
Dynamic Length-Scale Characterization and Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics of Transport in Open-Cell Foams
Tyler R. Brosten, Sarah L. Codd, Robert S. Maier, and Joseph D. Seymour
Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of scale dependent dynamics in a random solid open-cell foam reveal a characteristic length scale for transport processes in this novel type of porous medium. These measurements and lattice Boltzmann simulations for a model foam structure indicate dynamical be ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 218001 (2009)] published Fri Nov 20, 2009.
Defect Diagnosis for Rolling Element Bearings Using Acoustic Emission
Yongyong He, Xinming Zhang, and Michael I. Friswell
Rolling element bearings are very common components in rotating machinery. Hence, condition monitoring and the detection of defects are very important for the normal and safe running of these machines. Vibration based techniques are well established for the condition monitoring of rolling element be ... [J. Vib. Acoust. 131, 061012 (2009)] published Fri Nov 20, 2009.
Metal-semiconductor transition in epitaxial ZnO thin films
M. Nistor, F. Gherendi, N. B. Mandache, C. Hebert, J. Perriere et al.
We report on the formation and transport properties of ZnO thin films which are grown by pulsed-electron beam deposition under a low residual oxygen pressure (10 mbar). ZnO films presenting metallic conductivity at room temperature, and a metal-semiconductor transition at low temperature, were epit ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 103710 (2009)] published Fri Nov 20, 2009.
Evaluation of the Role of Eddy Current in Resistance Spot Welding
M. Abu-Aesh and Moataza Hindy
Extensive work had been conducted on spot-welding due to its rapidly increasing industrial importance. The resistance spot-welding involves complicated phenomena, as several effects are found in the process, e.g., temperature, surface roughness, pressure, and eddy current effects. Most of the work e ... [J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 131, 061007 (2009)] published Fri Nov 20, 2009.
Co-doping Effect of Ca and N on the Structure and Properties of CuAlO Thin Film
Guobo Dong, Ming Zhang, Tingxian Li, and Hui Yan
Ca-doped CuAlO films were prepared by the radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique. As shown by X-ray diffraction measurements, single-phase hexagonal CuAlCaO is formed for Ca concentrations up to 1.5 atom %. Hall measurements confirm the p-type conduction for all films. The introduction of Ca ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H127 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Materials Engineering for Future Interconnects: Catalyst-Free Electroless Cu Deposition on Self-Assembled Monolayer Alternative Barriers
S. Armini and A. Maestre Caro
An alternative bottom-up Cu electroless deposition (ELD) method without other catalyst material activation is the focus of this paper. The process consists of reducing the Cu ions in a solution via standard reducing agents such as dimethylamine borane. The reaction pH and ionic strength values can b ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D74 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Key role of the wetting layer in revealing the hidden path of Ge/Si(001) Stranski-Krastanow growth onset
Moritz Brehm, Francesco Montalenti, Martyna Grydlik, Guglielmo Vastola, Herbert Lichtenberger et al.
The commonly accepted Stranski-Krastanow model, according to which island formation occurs on top of a wetting layer (WL) of a certain thickness, predicts for the morphological evolution an increasing island aspect ratio with volume. We report on an apparent violation of this thermodynamic understan ... [Phys. Rev. B 80, 205321 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Band-gap tunability of a (6,0) BN nanotube bundle under pressure: Ab initio calculations
S. S. Coutinho, V. Lemos, and S. Guerini
Ab initio calculations were performed to study the structural transformation on a boron nitride nanotubes bundle under pressure. Several bundles of boron nitride nanotubes, disposed into a hexagonal arrangement, were studied between which the (6,0) zigzag configuration was chosen to be detailed here ... [Phys. Rev. B 80, 193408 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Expansion-limited aggregation of nanoclusters in a single-pulse laser-produced plume
E. G. Gamaly, N. R. Madsen, D. Golberg, and A. V. Rode
Formation of carbon nanoclusters in a single-laser-pulse created ablation plume was studied both in vacuum and in a noble gas environment at various pressures. The developed theory provides cluster radius dependence on combination of laser parameters, properties of ablated material, and type and pre ... [Phys. Rev. B 80, 184113 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Effect of kinetic growth parameters on leakage current and ferroelectric behavior of BiFeO thin films
Vilas Shelke, V. N. Harshan, Sushma Kotru, and Arunava Gupta
Epitaxial BiFeO thin films have been grown on (100)-oriented SrTiO and Nb-doped SrTiO substrates using the pulsed laser deposition technique under identical thermodynamic and variable kinetic conditions. The variation of growth kinetics through laser fluence and pulse repetition rate had minimal eff ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 104114 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Excitation dynamics in polymer-coated semiconductor quantum dots with integrated dye molecules: The role of reabsorption
Tobias Niebling, Feng Zhang, Zulqurnain Ali, Wolfgang J. Parak, and Wolfram Heimbrodt
Inorganic CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots have been coated with amphiphilic polymers in order to enable their transfer to aqueous solutions. Additionally, ATTO-dye molecules have been embedded in the polymer shell. In this geometry ATTO dye acts as acceptor of the quantum dot donors' excitation. Th ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 104701 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Decoupling two-step anodization in anodic aluminum oxide
Kwang Hong Lee and C. C. Wong
It is well known that ordered anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) can be fabricated by a two-step anodization process, but in the current approach, pore size and interpore spacing are coupled because the ordering mechanism is expected to be the same in both steps. Here, we demonstrate that, by using a diffe ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 104305 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Zinc and oxygen vacancies in ZnO nanorods
A. Travlos, N. Boukos, C. Chandrinou, Ho-Sang Kwack, and Le Si Dang
Nominally undoped ZnO nanorods, which have been grown with intentionally incorporated large concentrations of zinc and oxygen vacancies, are studied with electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy at low temperature. Detailed photoluminescence studies reveal that the concentration of the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 104307 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Conformal Sn Coated TiO Nanotube Arrays and Its Electrochemical Performance for High Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries
Hyun Sik Kim, Soon Hyung Kang, Young Hoon Chung, and Yung-Eun Sung
A nanophase tin (Sn) layer was coated on self-ordered TiO nanotube (TONT) arrays of 400 nm length and 120 nm diameter by using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method followed by heat-treatment at low temperature. The morphological and structural characterization of the Sn-coated TONT (Sn/TONT ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, A15 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Formation of GeSbTeTiO Nanostructures for Phase Change Random Access Memory Applications
Dongbok Lee, Sung-Soo Yim, Ho-Ki Lyeo, Min-Ho Kwon, Dongmin Kang et al.
Amorphous GeSbTe clusters with a size of 20 nm, self-enclosed by a thin layer of TiO, were obtained by cosputtering GeSbTe and TiO targets at room temperature with the aim of reducing the reset current for phase change random access memory applications. Eutectic decomposition during the deposition c ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, K8 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Telescopic hot double wall carbon nanotube for nanolithography
A. Popescu and L. M. Woods
A custom double wall carbon nanotube for thermal surface modification is proposed. By studying the heat transfer characteristics in the system, it is demonstrated that such a device is capable of producing high resolution patterns on a sample surface. A constant distance between the double wall carb ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 203507 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Fabrication of large-area gallium arsenide nanowires using silicon dioxide nanoparticle mask
Ding-Shin Wang, Jiun-Jie Chao, Shih-Che Hung, and Ching-Fuh Lin
Large-area GaAs nanowires are fabricated using SiO nanoparticles as the etching mask. SiO nanoparticle monolayer is spin coated on the GaAs substrate. To obtain a uniform monolayer of SiO nanoparticles across the substrate, raised temperature, adequate solution concentration, and the substrate treat ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 27, 2449 (2009)] published Thu Nov 19, 2009.
Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Externally Doped Sulfonated Polyaniline/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composites
Yen-Wen Lin, Hao-Hsiang Chang, Yu-Shan Liu, Ming-Chien Tsai, Yu-Chen Tsai et al.
The externally doped sulfonated polyaniline (ED-SPANI) has emerged as a potential candidate for electrochemical sensors because of its unique electroactive property and water solubility. However, the lower conductivity is the major drawback for the application of ED-SPANI. Thus, this study describes ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, K15 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.
Microstructural Effects during Chemical Mechanical Planarization of Copper
Patrick J. Andersen, Mariela N. Bentancur, Amy J. Moll, and Megan Frary
Die-stacking schema using through-wafer interconnects require vias to be filled with electroplated Cu, resulting in thick copper films and requiring an aggressive first-step chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). This work investigates the effects of microstructure on CMP of copper films, which ar ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, H120 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.
Nonvolatile memory with CoSiO core-shell nanocrystals as charge storage nodes in floating gate
Hai Liu, Domingo A. Ferrer, Fahmida Ferdousi, and Sanjay K. Banerjee
In this letter, we reported nanocrystal floating gate memory with CoSiO core-shell nanocrystal charge storage nodes. By using a water-in-oil microemulsion scheme, CoSiO core-shell nanocrystals were synthesized and closely packed to achieve high density matrix in the floating gate without aggregation ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 203112 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.
Room-Temperature Synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles by Electroless Deposition in Aqueous Solution
Mary Donnabelle L. Balela, Shunsuke Yagi, and Eiichiro Matsubara
Metallic Co nanoparticles of 24110 nm diameters are prepared by electroless deposition (chemical reduction) in an aqueous solution at room temperature. The reduction process is monitored by an in situ measurement of a mixed potential. The mixed potential, which is above the redox potential of a Co(I ... [Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, D4 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.
Highly mismatched crystalline and amorphous GaNAs alloys in the whole composition range
K. M. Yu, S. V. Novikov, R. Broesler, I. N. Demchenko, J. D. Denlinger et al.
Alloying is a commonly accepted method to tailor properties of semiconductor materials for specific applications. Only a limited number of semiconductor alloys can be easily synthesized in the full composition range. Such alloys are, in general, formed of component elements that are well matched in ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 103709 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.
Selective etching and polymer deposition on InP surface in reactive ion etching with a mixture of methane and hydrogen
Norio Yamamoto
In a reactive ion etching with a mixture of methane and hydrogen, the authors observed selectivity in an etched InP surface or polymeric surface in a wafer, on which SiO mask was patterned into a 2-[mu]m-wide grating, when the hydrogen flow rate was 5 SCCM (SCCM denotes cubic centimeter per minute ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 27, L50 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.
Thermodynamically stable nanotips of AuMo alloy
K. Nomura, T. Nagao, B. L. Cho, H. Katsuda, T. Matsumura et al.
The authors propose a simple new method for fabricating stable nanotips using sharpened AuMo alloy tips. By annealing at 10001200 K in UHV, Au atoms segregate to the alloy surface to form a Au film of one physical monolayer thickness, resulting in formation of nanopyramids on the (111) surface. Alt ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 27, 2432 (2009)] published Wed Nov 18, 2009.
Constraints on the phase diagram of nonmolecular CO imposed by infrared spectroscopy
Mario Santoro and Federico A. Gorelli
The investigation of the high-pressure phase diagram of CO, specifically in the nonmolecular forms, is a challenging experimental issue, due to the large metastability of this material. Here we report on the determination of the pressure threshold for forming nonmolecular CO from the molecular cryst ... [Phys. Rev. B 80, 184109 (2009)] published Tue Nov 17, 2009.
Arsenic antisite defects in p-GaAs grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition and the EL2 defect
Nazir A. Naz, Umar S. Qurashi, and M. Zafar Iqbal
Epitaxial layers of p-GaAs grown on p-GaAs substrates by low-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition have been investigated using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). One dominant peak and other relatively small peak, corresponding to deep levels at E+0.55 eV and E+0.96 (low field ene ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 103704 (2009)] published Tue Nov 17, 2009.
A quality map of transfer printing
Matthew B. Tucker, D. R. Hines, and Teng Li
Transfer printing is a nanofabrication technique that involves an assembly process by which a printable layer can be transferred from a transfer substrate to a device substrate. Future application of transfer printing toward a roll-to-roll printing process of flexible devices hinges upon the underst ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 103504 (2009)] published Tue Nov 17, 2009.
An impedance spectroscopic investigation of the electrical properties of delta-doped diamond structures
Niall Tumilty, Joseph Welch, Richard Lang, Christopher Wort, Richard Balmer et al.
Impedance spectroscopy has been used to investigate the conductivity displayed by diamond doped with boron in an intrinsic-delta-layer-intrinsic multilayer system with differing delta-layer thicknesses. Carrier transport within 5 nm delta-layer structures is complex, being dominated by conduction in ... [J. Appl. Phys. 106, 103707 (2009)] published Tue Nov 17, 2009.
Synthesis and characterization of nanoporous PtNi alloys
Hongqi Li, Amit Misra, Jon K. Baldwin, and S. T. Picraux
Two nanoporous PtNi alloys were synthesized by dealloying ternary amorphous SiPtNi precursors. Both foams have nearly the same composition, ligament diameter size, and density. However, their ligament patterns are different, depending on the microstructure of precursors. The difference in morphology ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 201902 (2009)] published Mon Nov 16, 2009.
Formation of InAs/InGaAsP quantum-dashes on InP(001)
A. Lenz, F. Genz, H. Eisele, L. Ivanova, R. Timm et al.
Self-assembled InAs/InGaAsP/InP(001) nanostructures are investigated using cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. Atomically resolved images at both the (110) and the ([overline 1]10) cleavage surface show InAs quantum dashes with almost binary composition and a truncated pyramidal shape. Th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 203105 (2009)] published Mon Nov 16, 2009.
Sol-gel derived ferroelectric nanoparticles investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy
F. Johann, T. Jungk, S. Lisinski, A. Hoffmann, L. Ratke et al.
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) was used to investigate the ferroelectric properties of sol-gel derived LiNbO nanoparticles. To determine the degree of ferroelectricity we took large-area images and performed statistical image-analysis. The ferroelectric behavior of single nanoparticles was ver ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 202901 (2009)] published Mon Nov 16, 2009.
Fractal growth in organic thin films: Experiments and modeling
Gengxin Zhang, Brandon Weeks, Richard Gee, and Amitesh Maiti
Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to investigate the solidification process of the organic energetic material pentaerythritol tetranitrate thermally deposited on a silicon surface. The metastable films spontaneously undergo dendrite formation where the measured fractal dimensi ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 204101 (2009)] published Mon Nov 16, 2009.
Fivefold annealing twin in nanocrystalline Cu
P. Huang, G. Q. Dai, F. Wang, K. W. Xu, and Y. H. Li
Fivefold annealing twin has been observed in nanocrystalline Cu at zero external stress. The microstructure of the multifold twins at various annealing temperatures has been examined by transmission electron microscopic in detail. Contrary to the well known sequential twinning mechanism, coherent tw ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 203101 (2009)] published Mon Nov 16, 2009.
Formation of Hexagonal Pyramids and Pits on V-/VI-Polar and III-/II-Polar GaN/ZnO Surfaces by Wet Etching
Seung-Cheol Han, Jae-Kwan Kim, Jun Young Kim, Kyoung-Kook Kim, H. Tampo et al.
The etching characteristics and evolution of the surface morphology of ZnO and GaN thin films during wet chemical etching were investigated. While the ZnO etch rates using acidic solutions were similar, regardless of etchant or polarity, the etch rate of the Ga-polar GaN surface was dependent on the ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, D60 (2009)] published Mon Nov 16, 2009.
Corrosion of Cu under Highly Corrosive Environments
K. Demirkan, G. E. Derkits, Jr., D. A. Fleming, J. P. Franey, K. Hannigan et al.
Cu corrosion in mixed flowing gases (MFG) has been widely studied. However, most of these studies have been carried out using conditions which were designed for accelerated tests simulating North America and Western Europe. More and more equipment are being deployed to emerging markets such as Asia ... [J. Electrochem. Soc. 157, C30 (2009)] published Mon Nov 16, 2009.
Graphene based quantum dots. (arXiv:0911.4024v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci])
ePrint arXiv http://arXiv.org/
Influence of uniaxial tensile stress on the mechanical and piezoelectric properties of short-period ferroelectric superlattice. (arXiv:0911.4035v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall])
ePrint arXiv http://arXiv.org/
Transport Currents and Persistent Currents in Solids: Orbital Magnetism and Hall Effect of Dirac Electrons. (arXiv:0911.3956v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci])
ePrint arXiv http://arXiv.org/
Phonon dispersion and anomalies in one-layer high-temperature superconductors. (arXiv:0911.4057v1 [cond-mat.supr-con])
ePrint arXiv http://arXiv.org/
Correlations between vibrational entropy and dynamics in super-cooled liquids. (arXiv:0911.4059v2 [cond-mat.stat-mech])
ePrint arXiv http://arXiv.org/
Charge order, dielectric response and local structure of La5/3Sr1/3NiO4 system. (arXiv:0901.3373v2 [cond-mat.str-el] UPDATED)
ePrint arXiv http://arXiv.org/
Coulomb explosion sputtering of selectively oxidized Si. (arXiv:0905.4343v2 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] UPDATED)
ePrint arXiv http://arXiv.org/