Ground Motion Recordings from the M 6.3 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake in Italy and their Engineering Implications
Jonathan P. Stewart, Giuseppe Lanzo, Alessandro Pagliaroli, Giuseppe Scasserra, Giuseppe Di Capua et al.
The 2009 L'Aquila earthquake sequence includes the April 6 M 6.3 main shock and triggered events on April 7 and 9, each recorded on a digital network having five stations on the hanging wall of the main shock fault. We describe a geometric source model drawing upon inversions by others. We describe ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 317 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Estimated Temporal Variation of Losses Due to a Recurrence of the 1933 Long Beach Earthquake
Jennifer Swift, John Wilson, and Toan Nguyen Le
The temporal variation of damage and loss estimates are presented in decadal increments since 1950 for an earthquake on the Newport-Inglewood Fault (NIF) equivalent to the M 6.4 1933 Long Beach earthquake. Deterministic damage and loss calculations were performed utilizing Hazus-MH software and upda ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 347 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Comparison of Peak Ductility Demand of Inelastic SDOF Systems in Maximum Elastic Response and Major Principal Directions
Katsuichiro Goda
This study investigates the orientation dependency of the peak ductility demand of inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems of known strengths by taking the record-to-record variability of seismic effects into account. The probabilistic characteristics of the peak ductility demand in record ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 385 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Experimental and Analytical Studies of Hospital Piping Assemblies Subjected to Seismic Loading
Arash E. Zaghi, E. Manos Maragakis, Ahmad Itani, and Elliott Goodwin
The seismic characteristics of welded and threaded hospital piping assemblies were investigated with and without seismic restrainers under various intensities of seismic loading using a biaxial shake table. Experimental results showed that the restrainers limited the displacements; however, they did ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 367 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Perception and Communication of Seismic Risk: The 6 April 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake Case Study
Fausto Marincioni, Federica Appiotti, Maurizio Ferretti, Caterina Antinori, Paola Melonaro et al.
On Monday, 6 April 2009 at 3:32 a.m. (local time), a moment magnitude 6.3 earthquake with an epicenter located near the city of L'Aquila, in central Italy, killed 308 people, injured 1,500, left 22,000 homeless, and temporarily displaced another 65,000. This study examines a sample of the affected p ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 159 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Performance of the San Salvatore Regional Hospital in the 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake
H. John Price, Adriano De Sortis, and Marko Schotanus
The San Salvatore Hospital in Coppito was closed shortly after the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake, even though the buildings on its campus experienced only limited and localized structural damage. The decision to close part or all of an essential facility such as a hospital can be easily made in t ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 239 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Strong-Motion Data from Structural Response Recorders in Indian Earthquakes
Sudhir K. Jain, A. D. Roshan, Siddharth Yadav, Sonam Srivastava, and Prabir C. Basu
In the 1960s several hundred structural response recorders (SRR) were installed all over India. An SRR is a simple instrument consisting of six seismoscopes that provide maximum response during an earthquake, without providing the time history. In the past earthquakes, these SRRs have provided sever ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 77 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Empirical Correlations between Cumulative Absolute Velocity and Amplitude-Based Ground Motion Intensity Measures
Brendon A. Bradley
Empirical correlation equations are developed between cumulative absolute velocity (CAV) and other common ground motion intensity measures, namely, peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), 5% damped pseudo spectral acceleration (SA), acceleration spectrum intensity (ASI), spectrum ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 37 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Empirical Correlations between Peak Ground Velocity and Spectrum-Based Intensity Measures
Brendon A. Bradley
Empirical correlation equations between peak ground velocity (PGV) and several spectrum-based ground motion intensity measures are developed. The intensity measures examined in particular were: peak ground acceleration (PGA), 5% damped pseudo-spectral acceleration (SA), acceleration spectrum intensi ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 17 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Consistent Source-to-Site Distance Metrics in Ground-Motion Prediction Equations and Seismic Source Models for PSHA
Julian J. Bommer and Sinan Akkar
Most modern ground-motion prediction equations (GMPE) use definitions of the source-to-site distance that reflect the dimensions of the fault rupture for larger earthquakes rather than using point-source measures relative to the epicenter or hypocenter. This is a positive development since it more r ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 1 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Shake Table Tests on One-Quarter Scale Models of Masonry Houses Retrofitted with PP-Band Mesh
Navaratnarajah Sathiparan, Paola Mayorca, and Kimiro Meguro
This paper introduces a technically feasible and economically affordable retrofitting option for seismically vulnerable masonry structures in developing countries using polypropylene bands (PP-bands). The results of the basic material tests and shake table tests on building models show that the PP-b ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 277 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Updated PGA, PGV, and Spectral Acceleration Attenuation Relations for Iran
Hamid Saffari, Yasuko Kuwata, Shiro Takada, and Abbas Mahdavian
We have developed updated attenuation relations for peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and acceleration response spectra with 5% damping on the basis of the data (78 earthquakes and 351 records) pertaining to strong ground motion in Iran. Moment magnitude, distance, fault me ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 257 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Inelastic Responses of Two-Way Asymmetric-Plan Structures under Bidirectional Ground ExcitationsPart II: Response Spectra
Jui-Liang Lin, Wen-Chia Yang, and Keh-Chyuan Tsai
Based on the studies in the companion paper, this paper presents the inelastic response spectra for asymmetrical structures (SAS) under bidirectional ground excitations. Firstly, the constant-strength SAS were constructed and compared with the corresponding conventional constant-strength response sp ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 141 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
The Effects of Building Characteristics and Site Conditions on the Damage Distribution in Boumerdes after the 2003 Algeria Earthquake
Abdelghani Meslem, Fumio Yamazaki, Yoshihisa Maruyama, Djillali Benouar, Abderrahmane Kibboua et al.
This study highlights the major contributing factors to the observed damage distribution in the city of Boumerdes after the 2003 Algeria earthquake. The results of field investigations and statistical analyses show that a majority of the damaged buildings, mostly mid-rise reinforced concrete (RC) mo ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 185 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Proposed Method for Probabilistic Estimation of Peak Component Acceleration Demands
Joshua S. Clayton and Ricardo A. Medina
A probabilistic method is proposed to quantify peak component acceleration (PCA) demands for nonstructural components attached to elastic and inelastic structures. Incremental dynamic analyses and site-specific ground-motion hazard information are used to estimate PCA hazard curves and component uni ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 55 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Inelastic Responses of Two-Way Asymmetric-Plan Structures under Bidirectional Ground ExcitationsPart I: Modal Parameters
Jui-Liang Lin, Keh-Chyuan Tsai, and Wen-Chia Yang
It has been found that any one vibration mode of an inelastic multistory two-way asymmetrical building structure can be represented by a three-degree-of-freedom (3DOF) modal system representing two modal translations and one modal rotation. This study introduces the inelastic response spectra constr ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 105 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Numerical Evaluation of Nonlinear Response of Broad Cylindrical Steel Tanks under Multidimensional Earthquake Motion
Zuhal Ozdemir, Mhamed Souli, and Yasin M. Fahjan
In this paper, a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) algorithm of the finite element method (FEM), which can take into account the effects of geometric and material nonlinearities of the tank, buckling of the tank shell, and nonlinear sloshing behavior of the contained liquid, is utilized to evaluate ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 217 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Seismic Damage to Bridges during the 27 February 2010 Magnitude 8.8 Chile Earthquake
Frank Schanack, Galo Valdebenito, and Jorge Alvial
The 27 February 2010 Chile earthquake is currently the fifth-strongest earthquake measured in the world. Despite this fact, the damage to the road infrastructure can be classified as moderate. Of the 6,000 state bridges in the affected region, only about 30 bridges had to be closed to traffic. This ... [Earthquake Spectra 28, 301 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
The Influence of Mechanical and Laser Cutting on the Fatigue Strengths of Square Hollow-Section Welded T-Joints
R. Moazed and R. Fotouhi
T-joint connections are commonly encountered in many machine components and load carrying members. The T-joint connections can be fabricated using traditional cutting (machine or flame) or by laser cutting techniques. The present study investigates the feasibility of using laser cutting to produce w ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 134, 031401 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.
Accuracy of mean-field theory for dynamics on real-world networks
James P. Gleeson, Sergey Melnik, Jonathan A. Ward, Mason A. Porter, and Peter J. Mucha
Mean-field analysis is an important tool for understanding dynamics on complex networks. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the question of whether mean-field predictions are accurate, and this is particularly true for real-world networks with clustering and modular structure. I ... [Phys. Rev. E 85, 026106 ] published .
Conditional strategies and the evolution of cooperation in spatial public goods games
Attila Szolnoki and Matjaz Perc
The fact that individuals will most likely behave differently in different situations begets the introduction of conditional strategies. Inspired by this, we study the evolution of cooperation in the spatial public goods game, where, besides unconditional cooperators and defectors, also different ty ... [Phys. Rev. E 85, 026104 ] published .
Time-scale and noise optimality in self-organized critical adaptive networks
Christian Kuehn
Recent studies have shown that adaptive networks driven by simple local rules can organize into critical global steady states, providing another framework for self-organized criticality (SOC). We focus on the important convergence to criticality and show that noise and time-scale optimality are reac ... [Phys. Rev. E 85, 026103 ] published .
Homogeneous assumption and the logistic behavior of information propagation
Michael Busch and Jeff Moehlis
Many models of disease and rumor-spreading phenomena average the behavior of individuals in a population in order to obtain a coarse description of expected system behavior. For these types of models, we determine how close the coarse approximation is to its corresponding agent-based system. These f ... [Phys. Rev. E 85, 026102 ] published .