Applied Physics

Development of a versatile multiaperture negative ion source

M. Cavenago, T. Kulevoy, S. Petrenko, G. Serianni, V. Antoni et al.
A 60 kV ion source (9 beamlets of 15 mA each of H) and plasma generators are being developed at Consorzio RFX and INFN-LNL, for their versatility in experimental campaigns and for training. Unlike most experimental sources, the design aimed at continuous operation. Magnetic configuration can achieve ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A707 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

High-energy metal ion implantation for reduction of surface resistivity of alumina ceramic

V. I. Gushenets, A. G. Nikolaev, E. M. Oks, K. P. Savkin, G. Yu. Yushkov et al.
In this work, the possibility to increase the surface conductivity of ceramic insulators through their treatment with accelerated metal ion beams produced by a MevvaV.Ru vacuum arc source is demonstrated. The increase in surface conductivity is made possible due to experimental conditions in which a ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B908 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Numerical simulation of gridded electrostatic lens

G. N. Kropachev, N. N. Alexeev, A. I. Balabin, T. V. Kulevoy, and V. I Nikolaev
Gridded electrostatic lenses are frequently used in extraction systems and low energy ion beam transport line. Typically, for numerical simulation the grid is treated as a metal plate transparent for beam particles. The influence of real grid geometry on the beam dynamics in the gridded lens has bee ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B907 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Study on the beam transport from the Bio-Nano ECRIS

T. Uchida, H. Minezaki, K. Oshima, R. Racz, M. Muramatsu et al.
The beam transport of N ion and C ion in the Bio-Nano ECRIS with min-B configuration was investigated based on the ion beam profiles. The N beam could be focused under the low-beam current conditions. Also the C beam could be focused in spite of the large space-charge effect which will lead the dive ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B713 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Use of a wire scanner for monitoring residual gas ionization in Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility 20 keV/u proton/deuteron low energy beam transport beam line

B. Vainas, I. Eliyahu, L. Weissman, and D. Berkovits
The ion source end of the Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility accelerator consists of a proton/deuteron ECR ion source and a low energy beam transport (LEBT) beam line. An observed reduction of the radio frequency quadrupole transmission with increase of the LEBT current prompted additional ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B712 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Deuteron injector for Peking University Neutron Imaging Facility project

H. T. Ren, S. X. Peng, P. N. Lu, Q. F. Zhou, Z. X. Yuan et al.
The deuteron injector developed for the PKUNIFTY (Peking University Neutron Imaging Facility) has been installed and commissioned at Peking University (PKU). The injector system must transfer 50 keV 50 mA of D ion beam to the entrance of the 2 MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) with 10% duty facto ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B711 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

A new extraction system for the Linac4 Hion source

O. Midttun, T. Kalvas, M. Kronberger, J. Lettry, H. Pereira et al.
As part of the CERN accelerator complex upgrade, a new linear accelerator for H (Linac4) is under construction. The ion source design is based on the non-caesiated DESY RF-driven ion source, with the goal of producing an H beam of 80 mA beam current, 45 keV beam energy, 0.4 ms pulse length, and 2 Hz ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B710 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Models of radiofrequency coupling for negative ion sources

M. Cavenago and S. Petrenko
Radiofrequency heating for ICP (inductively coupled plasma) ion sources depends on the source operating pressure, the presence or absence of a Faraday shield, the driver coil geometry, the frequency used, and the magnetic field configuration: in negative ion source a magnetic filter seems necessary ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B503 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Laser ion source with a double pulse laser system

M. Okamura, K. Kondo, G. Gish Allouche, and T. Yamamoto
To extend an ion beam pulse of a laser ion source, multiple laser shots could be used. To check the feasibility of this idea, we tested double laser irradiations on an iron target. When the interval of the two laser shots is longer than 10 [mu]s, the obtained ion current profile was expressed as a s ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B308 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Cesium dynamics in long pulse operation of negative hydrogen ion sources for fusion

U. Fantz and C. Wimmer
Large scale negative hydrogen ion sources operating stable for 1 h (cw mode) are required for the neutral beam heating system of the fusion experiment ITER. The formation of negative hydrogen ions relies on the surface effect for which cesium is evaporated into the source. In order to monitor the ce ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B110 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Beam injection improvement for electron cyclotron resonance charge breeders

T. Lamy, J. Angot, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier, and A. Galata
The injection of a 1+ beam into an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) charge breeder is classically performed through a grounded tube placed on its axis at the injection side. This tube presents various disadvantages for the operation of an ECR charge breeder. First experiments without a grounded tu ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A909 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Correlation between the plasma parameters and the extracted current density in the volume-production based sources of negative hydrogen ions

St. Lishev, A. Shivarova, and Kh. Tarnev
Unified description of a volume-production based source of negative hydrogen ions, including its three regionsthe driver, the plasma expansion through the magnetic filter, and the extraction of the ions at the position of the first electrode of the extraction systemis presented within a two-dimensio ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A709 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Forty years of surface plasma source development

Vadim Dudnikov
The cesiation effect, a significant enhancement of negative ion emission from a gas discharge with decrease of co-extracted electron current below negative ion current, was observed for the first time on July 1, 1971 by placing into the discharge a compound with 1 mg of cesium. Subsequent developmen ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A708 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Optimization of negative ion current in a compact microwave driven upper hybrid resonance multicusp plasma source

D. Sahu, S. Bhattacharjee, M. J. Singh, M. Bandyopadhyay, and A. Chakraborty
Performance of a microwave driven upper hybrid resonance multicusp plasma source as a volume negative ion source is reported. Microwaves are directly launched into the plasma chamber predominantly in the TE mode. The source is operated at different discharge conditions to obtain the optimized negati ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A706 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

The influence of the extraction voltage on the energetic electron population of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source plasma

K. E. Stiebing, L. Schachter, and S. Dobrescu
An influence of the extraction voltage on the high energy slope of bremsstrahlung radiation spectra has been reported in ECRIS experiments, which is not well understood so far. In order to provide more detailed data on this effect, we have measured bremsstrahlung radiation spectra accompanying espec ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A331 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Magnetocaloric effect and refrigerant capacity in SmSrMnO (x = 0.42, 0.44, 0.46) manganites

Nicholas S. Bingham, Paula J. Lampen, The-Long Phan, Manh-Huong Phan, Seong-Cho Yu et al.
SmSrMnO (SSMO) with x ~ 0.44 shows a multi-critical phase diagram which includes antiferromagnetic, charge ordering, and ferromagnetic transitions that give rise to large magnetoresistive and magnetocaloric effects. In this study, we systematically investigated the magnetic transitions, magnetocalor ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07D705 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Study on rare-earthdoped type-I germanium clathrates

Xiaohui Zhu, Ning Chen, Lihua Liu, and Yang Li
The synthesis of rare-earth clathrates REBaGaGe is a challenging task. The Group IV clathrates with rare-earth doping are hardly to be experimentally prepared, except Eu clathrate. In the current study, the first-principle method based on the density functional theory was implemented. The effects of ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07E305 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Properties of NaZn-type LaFeSi (x=1.4, 1.5) compound with the first-order phase transition

Q. Y. Dong, H. W. Zhang, J. Shen, J. Chen, J. R. Sun et al.
The investigations of dc magnetization, magnetic relaxation, specific heat, and electrical resistance for LaFeSi (x = 1.4, 1.5) compounds have been carried out. Obvious thermal and magnetic hysteresis indicates that they experience a first-order phase transition. The phase transition temperature T i ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07E107 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Modeling and analysis of a magnetically levitated synchronous permanent magnet planar motor

Baoquan Kou, Lu Zhang, Liyi Li, and Hailin Zhang
In this paper, a new magnetically levitated synchronous permanent magnet planar motor (MLSPMPM) driven by composite-current is proposed, of which the mover is made of a copper coil array and the stator are magnets and magnetic conductor. The coil pitch tau and permanent magnet pole pitch tau satisfy ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07E706 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Magnetic properties of single crystal EuCoAs

Jared Ballinger, Lowell E. Wenger, Yogesh K. Vohra, and Athena S. Sefat
Magnetization measurements at ambient pressure have been performed on single crystal EuCoAs, a compound having a similar crystalline structure as the pressure-induced EuFeAs superconductor. Similar to the magnetic characteristics of EuFeAs at ambient pressure, the effective paramagnetic moment at hi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07E106 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Field-induced continuous rotation of the polarization in multiferroic MnCoWO

K.-C. Liang, R. P. Chaudhury, Y. Q. Wang, Y. Y. Sun, B. Lorenz et al.
We report the observation of a continuous rotation of the polarization in MnCoWO under magnetic field. At zero field, this compound shows a transition into the spiral magnetic and ferroelectric phase at 12.2 K, which is the ground state, with the polarization oriented along the b-axis. Increasing b- ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07D903 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Observation and implications of magnetic domains in lateral spin valves

J. Mennig, F. Matthes, D. E. Burgler, and C. M. Schneider
Co/Cu/Co lateral spin valves (LSV), with Co being the topmost layer, are in situ prepared and measured under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The clean process yields a non-local spin signal of 0.9 mOmega. Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) reveals domain structures in both ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07C504 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Thermal issues and their effects on heat-assisted magnetic recording system (invited)

B. X. Xu, Z. J. Liu, R. Ji, Y. T. Toh, J. F. Hu et al.
Compared to the conventional magnetic recording, the big difference in the heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is the introduction of the thermal energy. It is necessary to study the thermal effects on the HAMR system which includes the head, the media, the head and disk interface (HDI) and data ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07B701 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Magnetic properties and microstructure of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with DyH addition

Y. H. Liu, S. Guo, X. M. Liu, D. Lee, and A. R. Yan
The effects of DyH addition on magnetic properties and microstructure of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets were investigated. In order to obtain the best magnetic properties, the effects of sintering temperature and annealing time on magnetic properties were also investigated. The results shown that the addi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07A705 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Enhancing cancer therapeutics using size-optimized magnetic fluid hyperthermia

Amit P. Khandhar, R. Matthew Ferguson, Julian A. Simon, and Kannan M. Krishnan
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) employs heat dissipation from magnetic nanoparticles to elicit a therapeutic outcome in tumor sites, which results in either cell death (>42 degrees C) or damage (<42 degrees C) depending on the localized rise in temperature. We investigated the therapeutic effect ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07B306 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

The role of eddy currents and nanoparticle size on AC magnetic fieldinduced reflow in solder/magnetic nanocomposites

A. H. Habib, S. Xu, E. Walker, M. Ondeck, R. Swaminathan et al.
Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based solder composites can facilitate solder reflow in AC magnetic fields. We compare power loss in a solder composite sample with MNP loading of different particle size distribution. Scaling of solder composite samples shows that, for smaller samples, power loss is not ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07B305 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

The influence of the Rashba field on the current-induced domain wall dynamics: A full micromagnetic analysis, including surface roughness and thermal effects

Eduardo Martinez
A micromagnetic study is carried out to analyze the influence of the spin-orbit Rashba field on the current-driven domain wall dynamics along a ferromagnetic strip with high perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy, taking into account both surface roughness and thermal effects. Similarly to the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07D302 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Magneto-optical cellular chip model for intracellular orientational-dynamic-activity detection

Y. Miyashita, M. Iwasaka, S. Kurita, and N. Owada
In the present study, a magneto-optical cellular chip model (MoCCM) was developed to detect intracellular dynamics in macromolecules by using magneto-optical effects. For the purpose of cell-measurement under strong static magnetic fields of up to 10 T, we constructed a cellular chip model, which wa ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07B304 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Study of surface effects on CoCu nanogranular alloys by ferromagnetic resonance

A. Garcia Prieto, M. L. Fdez-Gubieda, L. Lezama, and I. Orue
Room temperature ferromagnetic resonance measurements have been performed on CoCu melt-spun nanogranular alloys. Results on the ratio of the orbital-to-spin magnetic moment have been compared to previous results obtained by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, explaining the differences in terms of th ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07C105 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Magnetovolume effect in HoFeMn compounds

J. L. Wang, A. J. Studer, S. J. Kennedy, R. Zeng, S. X. Dou et al.
The structural and magnetic properties of seven compounds in the HoFeMn series (x = 0-5) have been investigated. The spontaneous magnetization M at 10 K exhibits a minimum at x [approximate] 3.8 while the 3d-sublattice magnetization M is found to decrease at ~ 3.4 [mu]/per Mn atom compared with the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07A911 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Note: Laser-induced acoustic desorption/synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry for analysis of fragile compounds and heavy oils

Liangyuan Jia, Junjie Weng, Zhongyue Zhou, Fei Qi, Wenyue Guo et al.
In this work, we coupled synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization (SVUV PI) method with the laser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD) technique for mass spectrometric analysis. The LIAD technique is a soft desorption method, which could avoid the degradation of analytes during desorption proces ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 026105 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Smith-chart diagnostics for multi-GHz time-domain-reflectometry dielectric spectroscopy

N. E. Hager, III, R. C. Domszy, and M. R. Tofighi
A time-domain-reflectometry Smith-chart display is demonstrated to be a valuable diagnostic tool in a variety of situations in time-domain-reflectometry dielectric spectroscopy. A relative reflection coefficient is formed by dividing the Laplace transform of the reflected sample transient by the Lap ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 025108 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Quartz crystal microbalance based on passive frequency to voltage converter

Ioan Burda and Arthur Tunyagi
In dynamics of evaporation or drying of microdrops from a solid surface, a faster and precise quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is needed. The fast QCM based on frequency to voltage converter is an attractive and powerful tool in the investigation of the dynamic regime of evaporation to translate th ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 025107 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Transducer for mechanical impedance testing over a wide frequency range through active feedback

Michael Wiertlewski and Vincent Hayward
We describe a feedback-controlled active mechanical probe which can achieve a very low mechanical impedance, uniformly over a wide frequency range. The feedback produces a state of quasi-resonance which transforms the probe into a source of force used to excite an unknown load, resulting in a precis ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 025001 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Solid-state source of atomic oxygen for low-temperature oxidation processes: Application to pulsed laser deposition of TiO:N films

Daiki Ojima, Tetsuya Chiba, Kazunari Shima, Hidenori Hiramatsu, Hideo Hosono et al.
An atomic oxygen (AO) source has been redesigned to coordinate with a pulsed laser deposition system and used to grow nitrogen-doped TiO films by deposition of TiN and simultaneous irradiation of the substrate with AO. The AO source uses an incandescently heated thin tube of zirconia as an oxygen pe ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 023903 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Cryogenic high-frequency readout and control platform for spin qubits

J. I. Colless and D. J. Reilly
We have developed a cryogenic platform for the control and readout of spin qubits that comprises a high density of dc and radio frequency sample interconnects based on a set of coupled printed circuit boards. The modular setup incorporates 24 filtered dc lines, 14 control and readout lines with band ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 023902 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Electric field-perturbation measurement of the interaction between two laser-induced plasmas

C. Sanchez-Ake, F. Bredice, and M. Villagran-Muniz
The interaction between two ns-laser-induced plasmas in air at the early-stage of expansion has been analyzed by using a method based on the direct measurement of the perturbation of an externally applied electric field. In this experimental method, the plasmas were produced by focusing two laser be ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 023504 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

The electron spectro-microscopy beamline at National Synchrotron Light Source II: A wide photon energy range, micro-focusing beamline for photoelectron spectro-microscopies

R. Reininger, S. L. Hulbert, P. D. Johnson, J. T. Sadowski, D. E. Starr et al.
A comprehensive optical design for a high-resolution, high-flux, wide-energy range, micro-focused beamline working in the vacuum ultraviolet and soft x-ray photon energy range is proposed. The beamline is to provide monochromatic radiation to three photoelectron microscopes: a full-field x-ray photo ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 023102 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

A reconstruction of cubic rs-ZnO on MgO (200) substrate through (100) plane of w-ZnO:rs-ZnO for transparent electronic application

Santosh M. Bobade
ZnO crystallizes in various crystallographic forms. While, the zinc blende (zb) and the rock salt (rs) structure of ZnO occur at high pressure, wurtzite (w) ZnO is the observed structure under ambient conditions. Interestingly, the high pressure polymorph of ZnO, cubic rs-ZnO oxide is presented on M ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 072102 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Conduction band structure in wurtzite GaAs nanowires: A resonant Raman scattering study

Wang Peng, F. Jabeen, B. Jusserand, J. C. Harmand, and M. Bernard
We report on a room temperature Raman resonance at 1.56 eV in GaAs wurtzite nanowires together with the emergence of a strong forbidden longitudinal optical phonon line. We attribute this resonance, absent in zinc blende wires with similar diameters, to an additional excitonic transition due to cond ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 073102 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Sign change in the organic magnetoresistance of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum upon annealing

Hoju Kang, Ik-Jae Lee, and Choon Sup Yoon
We report the sign change in the magnetoresistance of a tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum film with the morphological change from amorphous to crystalline state upon annealing. The negative component of the magnetoresistance followed power law behavior, whereas the positive one showed non-Lorentzia ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 073302 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

High efficiency planar Si/organic heterojunction hybrid solar cells

Lining He, Changyun Jiang, Hao Wang, Donny Lai, and Rusli
We present an efficient hybrid solar cell based on poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate and planar Si with (100) and (111) orientations. The effect of Si surface native oxide on cell performance is studied. Compared to cell with hydrogen-terminated Si surface, the cell with oxygen ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 073503 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Response to Comment on `Forming-free resistive switching in NdO, DyO, and ErO films fabricated in full room temperature' [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 076101 (2012)]

Tung-Ming Pan and Chih-Hung Lu
Abstract not available. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 076102 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Shear-band arrest and stress overshoots during inhomogeneous flow in a metallic glass

R. Maass, D. Klaumunzer, G. Villard, P. M. Derlet, and J. F. Loffler
At the transition from a static to a dynamic deformation regime of a shear band in bulk metallic glasses, stress transients in terms of overshoots are observed. We interpret this phenomenon with a repeated shear-melting transition and are able to access a characteristic time for a liquidlike to soli ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 071904 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Comment on Forming-free resistive switching behavior in NdO, DyO, and ErO films fabricated in full room temperature [Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 113509 (2011)]

V. V. Atuchin
Abstract not available. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 076101 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Anisotropic bimodal distribution of blocking temperature with multiferroic BiFeO epitaxial thin films

C. K. Safeer, M. Chamfrault, J. Allibe, C. Carretero, C. Deranlot et al.
Controlling BiFeO (BFO)/ferromagnet (FM) interfacial coupling appears crucial for electrical control of spintronic devices using this multiferroic. Here, we analyse the magnetic behaviour of exchange-biased epitaxial-BiFeO/FM bilayers with in-plane or out-of-plane magnetic anisotropies. We report bi ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 072402 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

ON-OFF switching mechanism of resistiverandomaccessmemories based on the formation and disruption of oxygen vacancy conducting channels

Katsumasa Kamiya, Moon Young Yang, Seong-Geon Park, Blanka Magyari-Kope, Yoshio Nishi et al.
We study the ON-OFF switching mechanism of oxide-based resistiverandomaccessmemories using theoretical calculations. Electron deficient vacancies (V) up to 1+ charge states would stabilize a cohesive filament, while further electron removal will stabilize the disrupted V configurations with 2+ charg ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 073502 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Code-division multiplexing for x-ray microcalorimeters

G. M. Stiehl, W. B. Doriese, J. W. Fowler, G. C. Hilton, K. D. Irwin et al.
We demonstrate the code-division multiplexing (CDM) readout of eight transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters. The energy resolution is 3.0 eV (full width at half-maximum) or better at 5.9 keV, with a best resolution of 2.3 eV and a mean of 2.6 eV over the seven modulated detectors. The flux-summing ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 072601 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Low operation voltage and high thermal stability of a WSi nanocrystal memory device using an AlO/HfO/AlO tunnel layer

Dong Uk Lee, Hyo Jun Lee, Eun Kyu Kim, Hee-Wook You, and Won-Ju Cho
A WSi nanocrystal nonvolatile memory device was fabricated with an AlO/HfO/AlO (AHA) tunnel layer and its electrical characteristics were evaluated at 25, 50, 70, 100, and 125 degrees C. The program/erase (P/E) speed at 125 degrees C was approximately 500 [mu]s under threshold voltage shifts of 1 ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 072901 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Stretch-induced plasmonic anisotropy of self-assembled gold nanoparticle mats

Matthew G. Millyard, Fu Min Huang, Richard White, Elisabetta Spigone, Jani Kivioja et al.
Close-packed monolayers of 20 nm Au nanoparticles are self-assembled at hexane/water interfaces and transferred to elastic substrates. Stretching the resulting nanoparticle mats provides active and reversible tuning of their plasmonic properties, with a clear polarization dependance. Both uniaxial a ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 073101 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Top-gated germanium nanowire quantum dots in a few-electron regime

Sung-Kwon Shin, Shaoyun Huang, Naoki Fukata, and Koji Ishibashi
Top gated quantum dots (QDs) have been fabricated from n-type chemically synthesized germanium nanowires (GeNWs) by constricting its length with metal electrode contacts. With an intermediate HfO thin film, the constricted GeNW was fully covered by an Omega-shaped top-gate. The QD was probed and cha ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 073103 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Organic photovoltaic cells with nano-fabric heterojunction structure

June Hyoung Park, Austin R. Carter, Lynetta M. Mier, Chi-Yueh Kao, Sharlene A. M. Lewis et al.
Organic photovoltaic cells containing electron-transporting organic nanofibers in the form of nanofabrics are investigated. Nano-fabric heterojunctions of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and electron-transporting nanofibers significantly improve short-circuit current density in organic photovoltaic cells. Th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 073301 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Depletion of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond via hydrogen passivation

A. Stacey, T. J. Karle, L. P. McGuinness, B. C. Gibson, K. Ganesan et al.
We show reduction in the emission from nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in single crystal diamond due to exposure to hydrogen plasmas ranging from 700 degrees C to 1000 degrees C. Significant fluorescence reduction was observed beneath the exposed surface to 80 [mu]m depth after ~10 min and did not r ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 071902 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Strain relaxation analysis of LaAlO/SrTiO heterostructure using reciprocal lattice mapping

Wei Wei and Alp Sehirlioglu
Strain-relaxation in LaAlO/SrTiO heterostructures was systematically investigated with LaAlO film thickness in the range 4.9-84 nm. Heterostructures were characterized using reciprocal lattice mapping (RLM), high resolution rocking curve, and x-ray reflectivity. RLM enables the measurement of lattic ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 071901 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Asymmetric coalescence of reactively wetting droplets

C. X. Zheng, W. X. Tang, and D. E. Jesson
Coalescence of droplets during reactive wetting is investigated for the liquid Ga/GaAs(001) system. In situ mirror electron microscopy reveals that coalescence predominantly involves the motion of one reactive droplet relative to the other. This behaviour differs significantly from coalescence in no ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 071903 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Nanofluid based optical sensor for rapid visual inspection of defects in ferromagnetic materials

V. Mahendran and John Philip
We have developed a simple sensor for imaging internal defects in materials using a magnetically polarizable nanoemulsion. The gradient in the magnetic flux lines around the defective region leads to the formation of one-dimensional nanodroplet arrays along the field direction, which incredibly diff ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 073104 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Slip boundary for fluid flow at rough solid surfaces

Yongping Chen, Chengbin Zhang, Mingheng Shi, and George P. Peterson
A molecular dynamics simulation of slip boundary for fluid flow past a solid surface incorporating roughness effect as characterized by fractal geometry has been conducted with a focus on the origin of slip, fluid structure, and slip boundary flow. The results indicate that interfacial slip develops ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 074102 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Quasimonoenergetic electron beams from laser wakefield acceleration in pure nitrogen

M. Z. Mo, A. Ali, S. Fourmaux, P. Lassonde, J. C. Kieffer et al.
Quasimonoenergetic electron beams with maximum energy >0.5 GeV and 2 mrad divergence have been generated in pure nitrogen gas via wakefield acceleration with 80 TW, 30 fs laser pulses. Long low energy tail features were typically observed due to continuous ionization injection. The measured peak ele ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 074101 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Enhancing magnetic vacancies in semiconductors by strain

Erjun Kan, Fang Wu, Yuemei Zhang, Hongjun Xiang, Ruifeng Lu et al.
Although cation-vacancies can induce localized magnetic moments in semiconductors, the collective magnetism is impeded by low vacancy concentration. To improve the vacancy concentration, we study the effect of external hydrostatic strain on the vacancy formation energy. Our first-principles calculat ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 072401 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

A study of single-crystal silicon diodes integrated on flexible substrates using conductive adhesives

C. Doran, W. Chen, T. L. Alford, and S. S. Lau
In this study, we investigated the possibility of fabricating flexible single-crystal Si-Pd diodes on polymer substrates using silver-filled conductive tape or epoxy. This simple technique mitigates the complexity of process-intensive metal-bonding schemes to achieve backside electrical contacts on ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 072103 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Terahertz composite right-left handed transmission-line metamaterial waveguides

Zhijun Liu, Philip W. C. Hon, Amir A. Tavallaee, Tatsuo Itoh, and Benjamin S. Williams
We report terahertz metamaterial waveguides based on the concept of composite right/left-handed transmission-lines. The waveguides are implemented in a metal-insulator-metal geometry fabricated with spin-coated Benzocyclobutene and contact photolithography. Angle-resolved reflection spectroscopy sho ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 071101 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Electron mobility determination of efficient phosphorescent iridium complexes with tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate ligand via transient electroluminescence method

Ming-Yu Teng, Song Zhang, Sheng-Wei Jiang, Xu Yang, Chen Lin et al.
The electron mobility of Alq and iridium complexes was determined via transient electroluminescence (EL) method based on ITO (indium tin oxide)/di-[4-(N,N-ditolyl-amino)-phenyl]cyclohexane/complex/LiF/Al with short and rectangular driving voltage pulses. Apparent values of the electron mobility ([mu ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 073303 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Mechanism for resistive switching in an oxide-based electrochemical metallization memory

Shanshan Peng, Fei Zhuge, Xinxin Chen, Xiaojian Zhu, Benlin Hu et al.
A comparison of the asymmetric OFF-state current-voltage characteristics between Cu/ZnO/Pt and Cu/ZnO/Al-doped ZnO (AZO) electrochemical metallization memory (ECM) cells demonstrates that the Cu filament rupture and rejuvenation occur at the ZnO/Pt (or AZO) interface, i.e., the cathodic interface. T ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 072101 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Drawing graphene nanoribbons on SiC by ion implantation

S. Tongay, M. Lemaitre, J. Fridmann, A. F. Hebard, B. P. Gila et al.
We describe a straightforward technique for selective graphene growth and nanoribbon production onto 4H- and 6H-SiC. The technique presented is as easy as ion implanting regions where graphene layers are desired followed by annealing to 100 degrees C below the graphitization temperature (T) of SiC. ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 073501 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

CuO/ZnO Nanocomposites Investigated by X-ray Photoelectron and X-ray Excited Auger Electron Spectroscopies

Quentin Simon, Davide Barreca, and Alberto Gasparotto
Supported CuO/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared by a novel bottom-up approach, consisting of: i) deposition of columnar ZnO arrays on Si(100) by Plasma Enhanced-Chemical Vapor Deposition (PE-CVD) using a Zn(II) bis(ketoiminate) precursor; ii) Radio Frequency (RF)-sputtering of Cu in Ar atmospheres. F ... [Surf. Sci. Spectra 17, 93 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Scanning tunneling microscope-based local electroluminescence spectroscopy of p-AlGaAs/i-GaAs/n-AlGaAs double heterostructure

Kentaro Watanabe, Masakazu Ichikawa, Yoshiaki Nakamura, Shigeyuki Kuboya, Ryuji Katayama et al.
Local characterization of electroluminescence (EL) from working light-emitting devices is a key to developing and improving their EL properties. The authors developed a scanning tunneling microscope- (STM-) EL technique based on conductive optical fiber probe STM with homemade bipolar sample holder ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 30, 021802 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Influence of hydrogen on the thermionic electron emission from nitrogen-incorporated polycrystalline diamond films

W. F. Paxton, M. Howell, W. P. Kang, and J. L. Davidson
Although hydrogen has been shown to enhance the thermionic emission properties of nitrogen-incorporated diamond cathodes, the effect diminishes when these cathodes are heated to temperatures in excess of 700 degrees C, possibly due to the hydrogen desorbing from the diamond. In order to further exa ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 30, 021202 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Advanced nanodiamond emitter with pyramidal tip-on-pole structure for emission self-regulation

Anurat Wisitsora-at, Shao-Hua Hsu, Weng P. Kang, Jimmy L. Davidson, and Adisorn Tuantranont
In this paper, we report an innovative nanodiamond field emitter structure consisting of an individual pyramidal tip sitting on top of a ballast resistor pole. The tip-on-pole nanodiamond structures are fabricated by a new mold transfer process that is comprised of reactive-ion-etching of 3.5 [mu]m- ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 30, 022204 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Stress mapping in strain-engineered silicon p-type MOSFET device: A comparison between process simulation and experiments

Christophe D. Krzeminski
Strain engineering is the main technological booster used by semiconductor companies for the 65 and 45 nm technology nodes to improve the transistor channel mobility and the electrical performance of logic devices. For 32 and 22 nm nodes, intense research work focuses on the integration and optimiza ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 30, 022203 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Delta-doping of boron atoms by photoexcited chemical vapor deposition

Housei Akazawa
Boron delta-doped structures in Si crystals were fabricated by means of photoexcited chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Core electronic excitation with high-energy photons ranging from vacuum ultraviolet to soft x rays decomposes BH molecules into fragments. Combined with in situ monitoring by spectro ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 30, 021504 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Transient flow of rarefied gas through an orifice

Felix Sharipov
A transient rarefied gas flow through a thin orifice is studied on the basis of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. The mass flow rate and flow field are calculated as a function of the time in the transitional and hydrodynamic regimes with respect to the gas rarefaction. Two values of the pre ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 30, 021602 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Modeling of the microstructure of carbon nanotube with two nonlocal elasticity theories

S. Basir Jafari, R. Malekfar, and S. E. Khadem
In this paper, a detailed theoretical study on the dispersion of waves in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. For this purpose, CNTs are considered as nonlocal elastic thin cylindrical shells. The Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory is used for modeling the microstructure of CNT such that the pro ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034315 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Publisher's Note: Modeling upconversion of erbium doped microcrystals based on experimentally determined Einstein coefficients [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 013109 (2012)]

Stefan Fischer, Heiko Steinkemper, Philipp Loper, Martin Hermle, and Jan Christoph Goldschmidt
Abstract not available. [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 039902 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Cell viability studies and operation in cellular culture medium of n-type organic field-effect transistors

M. Barra, D. Viggiano, R. Di Capua, F. Di Girolamo, F. Santoro et al.
The possibility of the fabrication of organic devices suitable to be applied in bio-sensing fields depends largely on the availability of organic compounds displaying robust electrical properties even in aqueous solutions and effective biocompatibility features. In this paper, we report about the go ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034702 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Publisher's Note: Response to Comment on `Simulation of Schottky and Ohmic Contacts on CdTe' [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 026102 (2012)]

A. Ruzin
Abstract not available. [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 039903 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Optical properties of a periodic array of slit-groove

Guo-dong Wang, Cheng-ping Huang, Yi Zhang, Qian-jin Wang, and Yong-yuan Zhu
The optical properties of a periodic slit-groove array perforated in a metal film have been studied experimentally and theoretically. Due to the interplay between periodic slits and periodic grooves, a switching from transmission minimum to maximum and the appearance of an additional dip were experi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034316 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Publisher's Note: Reduction of internal polarization fields in InGaN quantum wells by InGaN/AlGaN ultra-thin superlattice barriers with different indium [J. Appl. Phys. 110, 123108 (2011)]

Young-Kyun Noh, Moon-Deock Kim, and Jae-Eung Oh
Abstract not available. [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 039901 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Evolution of polarization and space charges in semiconducting ferroelectrics

Phanish Suryanarayana and Kaushik Bhattacharya
Ferroelectric perovskites and polymers that are used in a variety of electronic, ultrasonic, and optical applications are often wide-band-gap semiconductors. We present a time-dependent and thermodynamically consistent theory that describes the evolution of polarization and space charges in such mat ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034109 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Origin of 2.7 [mu]m luminescence and energy transfer process of Er: I-->I transition in Er/Yb doped germanate glasses

Rongrong Xu (&#x5F90;&#x8338;&#x8338;), Ying Tian (&#x7530;&#x9896;), Lili Hu (&#x80E1;&#x4E3D;&#x4E3D;), and Junjie Zhang (&#x5F20;&#x519B;&#x6770;)
An investigation of spectroscopic property and energy transfer process of Er doped and Er/Yb co-doped germanate glasses is presented. The emission cross section of the I --> I transition of Er doped germanate glass is calculated to be 1.2 x 10 cm. The microparameter of energy transfer from Yb: F t ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033524 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Observation and simulation of hard x ray photoelectron diffraction to determine polarity of polycrystalline zinc oxide films with rotation domains

Jesse R. Williams, Igor Pis, Masaaki Kobata, Aimo Winkelmann, Tomohiro Matsushita et al.
X ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) patterns of polar zinc oxide (ZnO) surfaces were investigated experimentally using hard x rays and monochromatized Cr Kalpha radiation and theoretically using a cluster model approach and a dynamical Bloch wave approach. We focused on photoelectrons emitted from ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033525 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Thickness effects on the texture development of fluorine-doped SnO thin films: The role of surface and strain energy

V. Consonni, G. Rey, H. Roussel, and D. Bellet
Polycrystalline fluorine-doped SnO thin films have been grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis with a thickness varying in the range of 40 to 600 nm. A texture transition from to and crystallographic orientations has experimentally been shown by x-ray diffraction measurements as film thickness is in ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033523 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Surface diffusion and layer morphology of ((11[overline 2]2)) GaN grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy

Simon Ploch, Tim Wernicke, Duc V. Dinh, Markus Pristovsek, and Michael Kneissl
(11[overline 2]2) GaN layers were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy on (11[overline 2]2) bulk GaN substrates and (10[overline 1]0) sapphire substrates. The growth temperature was varied between 950 and 1050 degrees C and the total reactor pressure between 50 and 600 mbar. The growth condit ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033526 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Circulating currents in a metallic ring with two quantum dots

E. V. Anda, G. Chiappe, and E. Louis
We analyze a system constituted by two single level quantum dots embedded in a metallic ring connected to external electrodes. The energy levels of the dots are controlled by an external gate potential. Additionally, the external electrodes are under the effect of an external applied potential. In t ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033711 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Theoretical description of thermal lens spectrometry in micro space

Mingqiang Liu, Dorota Korte, and Mladen Franko
For thermal lens spectrometry in micro space, temperature distributions in the sample under continuous-wave modulated excitations of either laser or incoherent light source (ILS) are for the first time deduced with respective considerations of different experimental parameters, such as flow of the s ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033109 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes grown on Si(111) substrates with ZrB(0001) buffer layers

Adam H. Blake, Derek Caselli, Christopher Durot, Jason Mueller, Eduardo Parra et al.
Multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diode (LED) structures of InGaN/GaN were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on Si(111) substrates via ZrB(0001) buffer layers and a GaN template comprising composite AlGaN (where x lies in the range from 0 to 1) transition layers to minimize cracking ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033107 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Extraction of optical Bloch modes in a photonic-crystal waveguide

S. R. Huisman, G. Ctistis, S. Stobbe, J. L. Herek, P. Lodahl et al.
We perform phase-sensitive near-field scanning optical microscopy on photonic-crystal waveguides. The observed intricate field patterns are analyzed by spatial Fourier transformations, revealing several guided transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) like modes. Using the reconstruction ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033108 (2012)] published Mon Feb 13, 2012.

Establishment of rules for interpreting ultraviolet autofluorescence microscopy images for noninvasive detection of Barrett's esophagus and dysplasia

Bevin Lin, Shiro Urayama, Ramez M. G Saroufeem, Dennis L. Matthews, and Stavros G. Demos
The diagnostic potential of autofluorescence (AF) microscopy under ultraviolet (UV) excitation is explored using ex vivo human specimens. The aim is to establish optical patterns (the rules for interpretation) that correspond to normal and abnormal histologies of the esophagus, spanning from early b ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 17, 016013 (2012)] published Sat Feb 11, 2012.

Energy migration and fluorescence

Theodor Forster
This article is a translation of a paper by Theodor Forster originally published in Naturwissenschaften, Vol. 33(6), pp. 166175 (1946), entitled Energiewanderung und Fluoreszenz. Translated and published with permission from Springer Science+Business Media. ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 17, 011002 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Generalized multiple kernel framework for multiclass geospatial objects detection in high-resolution remote sensing images

Xiangjuan Li, Xian Sun, Hao Sun, Yu Li, and Hongqi Wang
Multiclass geospatial objects detection within complex environments is a challenging problem in remote-sensing areas. In this paper we propose a novel, generalized kernel-based learning framework for the purpose of enhanced object detection. There are two novel areas. (1) Multisource information, in ... [Opt. Eng. 51, 016203 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Thickness-dependent converse magnetoelectric coupling in bi-layered Ni/PZT thin films

Zheng Li, Jiamian Hu, Li Shu, Ya Gao, Yang Shen et al.
The converse magnetoelectric (ME) effect was investigated in bi-layered Ni/Pb(ZrTi)O (PZT) thin films grown on Si substrates, with different thicknesses of Ni thin layers. By using an AC-mode magneto-optical Kerr effect method, it was revealed that the electric-voltage induced magnetization variatio ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033918 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Geometric superresolution using an optical rectangular mask

Mohammad Sohail and Asloob A. Mudassar
In the modern world, we need high-resolution images for many applications, but the resolution of the imaging system can be degraded due to many factors, mainly the optical and geometrical components. The resolution limit for the optical system is set by diffraction, called diffractive superresolutio ... [Opt. Eng. 51, 013203 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Hyperspectral matched filter with false-alarm mitigation

Robert S. DiPietro, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Ronald B. Lockwood, Thomas Cooley, and John Jacobson
One of the fundamental challenges for a hyperspectral imaging surveillance system is the detection of sub-pixel objects in background clutter. The background surrounding the object, which acts as interference, provides the major obstacle to successful detection. One algorithm that is widely used in ... [Opt. Eng. 51, 016202 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Microstructure analysis of plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition-grown mixed-phase RuTaN barrier for seedless copper electrodeposition

Tonmoy Chakraborty and Eric T. Eisenbraun
Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD)-grown mixed phase RuTaN films has been studied as a direct plate material for Cu electroplating within interconnects. It was seen that these liners behaved as excellent Cu diffusion barrier and could be scaled down to sub-5 nm thicknesses. High resolut ... [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 30, 020604 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Modified correlation criterion for digital image correlation considering the effect of lighting variations in deformation measurements

Bei Peng, Qiushu Zhang, Wu Zhou, Xiaohong Hao, and Li Ding
The Newton-Raphson (N-R) algorithm based on the sum of squared differences (SSD) function used in the digital image correlation (DIC) may obtain unreliable results in deformation measurements because light source variation is not taken into account. Here, a modified N-R algorithm that includes the e ... [Opt. Eng. 51, 017004 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Quantifying the influence of yellow fluorescent protein photoconversion on acceptor photobleachingbased fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements

Arne Seitz, Stefan Terjung, Timo Zimmermann, and Rainer Pepperkok
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency measurements based on acceptor photobleaching of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) are affected by the fact that bleaching of YFP produces a fluorescent species that is detectable in cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) image channels. The presented ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 17, 011010 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

The Regional Contribution of Glycosaminoglycans to Temporomandibular Joint Disc Compressive Properties

Vincent P. Willard, Kerem N. Kalpakci, Andrew J. Reimer, and Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
Understanding structure-function relationships in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc is a critical first step toward creating functional tissue replacements for the large population of patients suffering from TMJ disc disorders. While many of these relationships have been identified for the coll ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 011011 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

InAs/InAsSb strain balanced superlattices for optical detectors: Material properties and energy band simulations

D. Lackner, M. Steger, M. L. W. Thewalt, O. J. Pitts, Y. T. Cherng et al.
InAsSb/InAs type II strain balanced superlattices lattice matched to GaSb have recently been proposed as an alternative to InAs/(In)GaSb short period superlattices for mid- to long infrared photodetectors. Photoluminescence data at 4 K of OMVPE grown InAsSb (multi-) quantum wells in an InAs matrix o ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034507 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

On the energy distribution of interface states and their relaxation time profiles in Al/pentacene/p-GaAs heterojunction diode

Yasemin &#x015E;afak, Murat Soylu, Fahrettin Yakuphanoglu, and &#x015E;emsettin Alt&#x0131;ndal
The energy density distribution profile of the interface states (N) and their relaxation time (tau) of Al/pentacene/p-GaAs heterojunction diodes were obtained from the admittance spectroscopy method, which is included in capacitance/conductance-voltage measurements in the frequency range of 10 kHz-1 ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034508 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Phononic crystal diffraction gratings

Rayisa P. Moiseyenko, Sarah Herbison, Nico F. Declercq, and Vincent Laude
When a phononic crystal is interrogated by an external source of acoustic waves, there is necessarily a phenomenon of diffraction occurring on the external enclosing surfaces. Indeed, these external surfaces are periodic and the resulting acoustic diffraction grating has a periodicity that depends o ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034907 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

First-principles investigation of pressure-induced phase transition in LiNbO

Kaoru Nakamura, Sadao Higuchi, and Toshiharu Ohnuma
We explore the possible high-pressure phase transition of LiNbO using an evolutionary algorithm combined with first-principles calculations. A NaIO-type structure with Pnma symmetry was predicted as the room temperature phase, and an apatite-like structure with P6/m symmetry was predicted as the hig ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033522 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Large converse magnetoelectric response in Rosen-type transformer and Terfenol-D laminated composite

Jian-Ping Zhou, Pan Wang, Jia Yang, Peng Liu, and Huai-Wu Zhang
A magnetoelectric laminate composite was proposed by combing a piezoelectric transformer and a Terfenol-D plate. Converse magnetoelectric effect was researched by using an induction method with frequency, bias magnetic field, ac voltage, and Terfenol-D thickness. A giant converse magnetoelectric coe ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033915 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Fluctuation-induced conductivity analyses of Be-doped (BiCuLiTl)BaCaCuO superconductors in the critical regime and beyond

Nawazish A. Khan, Qurat-ul-Ain, Umber Firdous, and Shaheryar
We have successfully synthesized (BiCuLiTl)BaCaCuO and (BiCuLiTl)Ba(CaBe)CuO samples and studied their excess conductivity analyses (fluctuation-induced conductivity) of resistivity data. The main objective of such analyses is to investigate the influence of Be-substitution on the superconductivity ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033917 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Domain rotation induced strain effect on the magnetic and magneto-electric response in CoFeO/Pb(Mg,Nb)O-PbTiO heterostructures

Zhiguang Wang, Ravindranath Viswan, Bolin Hu, Jie-Fang Li, V. G. Harris et al.
The present work shows good control of both magnetic and electric properties with electric and magnetic fields, respectively, for epitaxial CoFeO (CFO) films on Pb(Mg,Nb)O-PbTiO (PMN-PT). X-ray reciprocal space mapping revealed a transformation between a- and c-domains in the PMN-PT under electric f ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034108 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Strain analysis of a wrinkled SiGe bilayer thin film

Guo-En Chang, Chia-Ou Chang, and H. H. Cheng
We report a strain analysis on a wrinkled semiconductor pattern formed by a p-doped bilayer thin film that is compressively strained. The strain distribution is studied with a theoretical analysis using a non-linear plate theory in conjunction with a detailed morphology measurement. The results show ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034314 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Enhanced magnetic and electrical properties in amorphous Ge:Mn thin films by non-magnetic codoping

Wenjing Yin, Copeland D. Kell, Li He, Melissa C. Dolph, Chris Duska et al.
Amorphous GeMn thin films have been prepared by co-depositing Ge and Mn on SiO/Si using an ultrahigh vacuum molecular beam epitaxy system. Across a range of growth temperatures and Mn concentrations (2.8 at. %, 10.9 at. %, and 21.3 at. %), we achieved enhanced magnetic and electrical properties with ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033916 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Influence of size/crystallinity effects on the cation ordering and magnetism of alpha-lithium ferrite nanoparticles

N. Jovic, M. Prekajski, A. Kremenovic, B. JanCar, V. Kahlenberg et al.
alpha-lithium ferrite (LiFeO) nanoparticles have been prepared using two synthesis routes: citrate gel decomposition as well as the Pechini method. Analysis of HRTEM images of the particles showed that they have a core/shell structure, an average size of ~10 nm and stacking faults parallel to the (1 ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034313 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Lowering the excitation threshold of a random laser using the dynamic scattering states of an organosiloxane smectic A liquid crystal

Stephen M. Morris, Damian J. Gardiner, Malik M. Qasim, Philip J. W. Hands, Timothy D. Wilkinson et al.
Smectic A liquid crystals, based upon molecular structures that consist of combined siloxane and mesogenic moieties, exhibit strong multiple scattering of light with and without the presence of an electric field. This paper demonstrates that when one adds a laser dye to these compounds it is possibl ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033106 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Schlieren imaging in a dielectric barrier discharge actuator for airflow control

A. Cristofolini, G. Neretti, F. Roveda, and C. A. Borghi
The operation of a surface dielectric barrier discharge actuator for airflow control has been experimentally investigated. The actuator is constituted by an electrode pair separated by a dielectric Teflon sheet. Several ac supply conditions have been utilized. An electrohydrodynamics interaction was ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033302 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Reverse Shape Synthesis of the Hydropump Volute Using Stereo-Photogrammetry, Parameterization, and Geometric Modeling

Damir VuCina, Zoran Milas, and Igor Pehnec
An automatic procedure for reverse 3D shape synthesis is proposed. Shape acquisition of an existing object involving stereo-photogrammetry, triangulation, and 3D reconstruction is applied to obtain the point clouds. Subsequent parameterization of the acquired geometry using mathematical surfaces yie ... [J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 12, 021001 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Combining Variation Simulation With Welding Simulation for Prediction of Deformation and Variation of a Final Assembly

Andreas Pahkamaa, Kristina Warmefjord, Lennart Karlsson, Rikard Soderberg, and John Goldak
In most variation simulations, i.e., simulations of geometric variations in assemblies, the influence from heating and cooling processes, generated when two parts are welded together, is not taken into consideration. In most welding simulations, the influence from geometric tolerances on parts is no ... [J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 12, 021002 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Perspective Depth Extraction of Points on a Surface Under an Instantaneous Rigid Body Transformation

Per Bergstrom
We consider the computational problem of finding the point in 3D-space on a transformed surface corresponding to a coordinate pair given in a perspective mapping. The transformation is a rigid body transformation that is assumed to be small and vary. Initially, it is unknown but when it becomes know ... [J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng. 12, 021003 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Analytical study and corresponding experiments for a new resonant magnetic charger with circular spiral coils

Junhua Wang, Jiangui Li, S. L. Ho, W. N. Fu, Zhigang Zhao et al.
This study proposes a new resonant magnetic charger comprising circular spiral coils that operate with a strong coupling effect between the transmitter and the receiver. The two spiral coils are fitted with additional copper tapes to serve as resonant transmitter and receiver coils. The magnetic flu ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07E704 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Enhancing and broadening absorption properties of frequency selective surfaces absorbers using FeCoB-based thin film

Wenyi Ren, Yan Nie, Xuan Xiong, Cui Zhang, Yan Zhou et al.
In this paper, the influence of FeCoB-based magnetic film on the absorption properties of traditional frequency selective surface (FSS) was investigated experimentally. A single-layer Minkowski fractal planar frequency selective surface was chosen, and the laser etching technique was proposed to fab ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07E703 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Fabrication of a fully magnetic impeller for improvement of the magnetic properties of a pump with a power harvester

Sung Hoon Kim, Jaewon Shin, Shuichiro Hashi, Kazushi Ishiyama, Masaru Ozaki et al.
An all-in-one wireless pump with a power generator was developed for use in biomedical applications. The developed pump is driven by an external rotating magnetic field. Thus, the performance of the system is limited by the magnetic properties of the rotor. To improve the magnetic properties of the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07E705 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Effects of substrate on structure and the magnetic properties of (001)-textured FePt films grown at low temperature

A. M. Zhang, Z. X. Chen, W. Q. Zou, B. Lv, J. J. Ge et al.
(001)-oriented FePt films are deposited, by magnetron sputtering at 300 degrees C, on LaAlO (001), SrTiO (001), and MgO (001) single crystal substrates. The tetragonal distortion, magnetic anisotropy, and the coercive force of the films vary with the substrate. The ordering process is very differen ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07A704 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Large magnetocaloric effect for magnetic refrigeration from 210 to ~275 K in LaCaMnCoO

Y. D. Zhang, The-Long Phan, and S. C. Yu
We have studied the magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect in LaCaMnCoO (x = 00.05) prepared by conventional solid-state reaction. Magnetic measurements versus temperature revealed that both magnetization and the Curie temperature (T) decreased gradually with increasing Co content (x); T valu ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07D703 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Quaternary memory device fabricated from a single layer Fe film

Taehee Yoo, S. Khym, Hakjoon Lee, Sangyeop Lee, Sanghoon Lee et al.
A cross-shaped Hall device was fabricated from a single-crystal bcc Fe film having two in-plane magnetic easy axes. When a current pulse is applied to a Au strip patterned on top of the Fe Hall device, multiple domains with two orthogonal magnetization directions form in the Fe Hall device during ma ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07C704 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

E-field tuning microwave frequency performance of CoFeSi/lead zinc niobatelead titanate magnetoelectric coupling composites

Shandong Li, Ming Liu, J. Lou, Shawn Beguhn, Jianpeng Wu et al.
Nanocrystalline CoFeSi Heusler alloy films were deposited on single crystal lead zinc niobatelead titanate substrates. It is revealed that this multiferroic composite exhibits very strong continuously electric field (E-field) tunable microwave frequency characteristics. With an increase of the E-fie ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07C705 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Effect of deviation from stoichiometric composition on structural and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite, CoFeO (x = 0.2 to 1.0)

I. C. Nlebedim, J. E. Snyder, A. J. Moses, and D. C. Jiles
The effects of deviation from stoichiometric composition on the structural and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite, CoFeO (x = 0.2 to 1.0), are presented. Both CoFeO and FeO have a spinel crystal structure, and it might be expected that intermediate compositions would have the same structure. Howe ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07D704 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Controlling the core-to-core distance of vortex pairs in exchange-biased iron elliptical nanoelements

Felipe F. Oliveira, Thiago R. S. Moura, A. S. Carrico, Ana L. Dantas, and G. O. G. Reboucas
We report a theoretical study of vortex pairs in exchange-biased elliptical iron nanoelements. We show that the remanent state may be tailored to fit vortex pairs with opposite chiralities separated by a diamond-like domain. Flat nanoelements with lateral dimensions ranging from 115 nm x 425 nm to ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07D102 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Investigation of easy axis orientation of NdFeB melt-spun ribbons produced by hot rolling and influence of TiC addition

M. Takezawa, Y. Nakanishi, Y. Morimoto, J. Yamasaki, and M. Yagi
The c-axis orientation of NdFeB melt-spun ribbons caused by hot rolling and the influence of TiC addition were investigated. A small roll was placed on a steel wheel near a quartz tube in such a manner that the melt-spun ribbons were hot rolled immediately after quenching. X-ray diffraction patterns ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07A703 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Spin accumulation created electrically in an n-type germanium channel using Schottky tunnel contacts

K. Kasahara, Y. Baba, K. Yamane, Y. Ando, S. Yamada et al.
Using high-quality FeSi/n-Ge Schottky-tunnel-barrier contacts, we study spin accumulation in an n-type germanium (n-Ge) channel. In the three- or two-terminal voltage measurements with low bias current conditions at 50 K, Hanle-effect signals are clearly detected only at a forward-biased contact. Th ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07C503 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Magnetocaloric materials with first-order phase transition: thermal and magnetic hysteresis in LaFeSi and NiMnGa (invited)

K. P. Skokov, V. V. Khovaylo, K.-H. Muller, J. D. Moore, J. Liu et al.
This is a report on a comparative study of thermal and magnetic hysteresis in LaFeSi and NiMnGa polycrystalline samples near their first-order phase transitions by measurements of magnetization and direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change, DeltaT(H). Based on the obtained M(T) and M(H ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07A910 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Spin-flip effect on transport properties of a Mn molecule

Hua Hao, XiaoHong Zheng, RuiNing Wang, Zhi Zeng, and H. Q. Lin
Electron transport through a single-molecule magnet [NEt][MnZn(salox)O(N)Cl] is investigated by spin-polarized density functional theory combined with the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function technique. Our study demonstrates that spin-filtering effect and negative differential resistance exist i ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07B303 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Volume exchange in soft FeCo films of high magnetization

Christoph Mathieu, Hau-Jian Liu, Kristen S. Buchanan, and Venkateswara R. Inturi
Soft FeCo films of high magnetization are a well known integral part of today's magnetic recording heads. Values for the volume exchange, an important parameter since it determines exchange length, domain wall width, and energy are, however, available for few compositions of FeCo in spite of the wid ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07A306 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Bulk nanocomposite using self-forming core/shell nanoparticles and its magnetic properties for high-frequency applications

Tomohiro Suetsuna, Koichi Harada, Toshihide Takahashi, and Seiichi Suenaga
A bulk nanocomposite composed of tightly packed self-forming core/shell nanoparticles of metal/oxide was fabricated. The crystalline grain size of the nanoparticles, the packing ratio, and the composition were controlled in the nanocomposite, and their effects on the magnetic properties were investi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07A307 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

The mechanism of the asymmetric SET and RESET speed of graphene oxide based flexible resistive switching memories

Lu-Hao Wang, Wen Yang, Qing-Qing Sun, Peng Zhou, Hong-Liang Lu et al.
Oxygen migration is reported as key factors of resistive switching in graphene oxide (GO) based memories by different groups. A flexible nonvolatile resistive switching memory based on GO was fabricated through a spin-coating process. The speed of the SET and RESET operations of the GO memories was ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063509 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Formation of an extended CoSi thin nanohexagons array coherently buried in silicon single crystal

Guinther Kellermann, Luciano A. Montoro, Lisandro J. Giovanetti, Paula C. dos Santos Claro, Liang Zhang et al.
A Co-doped silica film was deposited on the surface of a Si(100) wafer and isothermally annealed at 750 degrees C to form spherical Co nanoparticles embedded in the silica film and a few atomic layer thick CoSi nanoplatelets within the wafer. The structure, morphology, and spatial orientation of th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063116 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Investigation of the band offsets caused by thin AlO layers in HfO based Si metal oxide semiconductor devices

Lior Kornblum, Boris Meyler, Catherine Cytermann, Svetlana Yofis, Joseph Salzman et al.
Ultrathin dielectric capping layers are a prominent route for threshold voltage control in advanced Si devices. In this work the position of an AlO layer inside a HfO-based stack is systematically varied and investigated following a low and a high temperature anneal. Electrical results are compared ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 062907 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Resonantly enhanced optical nonlinearity in hybrid semiconductor quantum dot metal nanoparticle structures

Ming Fu, Kai Wang, Hua Long, Guang Yang, Peixiang Lu et al.
The optical nonlinearity of hybrid structures composed of CdTe quantum dots and periodical particle array of gold is studied using Z-scan method. The optical nonlinearity is dramatically affected by the interaction between exciton in CdTe quantum dots and surface plasmons in Au periodical particle a ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063117 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Investigation of the device instability feature caused by electron trapping in pentacene field effect transistors

Chang Bum Park
The phenomenon of device instability governed by electron trapping was investigated in pentacene field-effect transistors. We found that the threshold voltage shift (DeltaV) increases significantly when the device is exposed to photo-irradiation with the depletion gate bias. This effect reveals that ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063306 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Nonlinearity in the high-electric-field piezoelectricity of epitaxial BiFeO on SrTiO

Pice Chen, Rebecca J. Sichel-Tissot, Ji Young Jo, Ryan T. Smith, Seung-Hyub Baek et al.
The piezoelectricity of a multiferroic BiFeO thin film deviates from its low-field linear response in electric fields higher than 150 MV/m. Time-resolved synchrotron x-ray microdiffraction reveals a low-field piezoelectric coefficient of 55 pm/V and a steeper increase in strain at higher fields, wit ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 062906 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Transparent conductive thin films of single-wall carbon nanotubes encapsulating dopant molecules

Naoki Kishi, Ikuma Miwa, Toshiya Okazaki, Takeshi Saito, Toshihisa Mizutani et al.
Transparent conductive thin films of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) doped with organic dopant molecules encapsulated inside the SWCNTs are reported. Doping with tetrafluorotetracyano-p-quinodimethane encapsulated within the SWCNTs improved the ratio of direct current to optical conductivity i ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063121 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Electronic rectification devices from carbon nanocones

Chen Ming, Zheng-Zhe Lin, Jun Zhuang, and Xi-Jing Ning
The electronic rectification effects of single wall carbon nanocones (SWCNCs) with cone angles 113 degrees , 60 degrees , and 39 degrees are shown by density functional theory calculation and non-equilibrium Green's functional method, and the 113 degrees cone owns the best rectification. Based on ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063119 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Epitaxial NiO gate dielectric on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures

Fabrizio Roccaforte, Giuseppe Greco, Patrick Fiorenza, Vito Raineri, Graziella Malandrino et al.
This letter reports on epitaxial nickel oxide (NiO) films grown by metal-organic chemichal vapor deposition on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. The grown material was epitaxial, free from voids and exhibited a permittivity of 11.7, close to bulk NiO. This approach is advantageous with respect other metho ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063511 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Fabrication of disconnected three-dimensional silver nanostructures in a polymer matrix

Kevin Vora, SeungYeon Kang, Shobha Shukla, and Eric Mazur
We present a simple, one-step technique for direct-writing of a structured nanocomposite material with disconnected silver nanostructures in a polymer matrix. A nonlinear optical interaction between femtosecond laser pulses and a composite material creates silver structures that are embedded inside ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063120 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Bloch surface waves-controlled fluorescence emission: Coupling into nanometer-sized polymeric waveguides

Mirko Ballarini, Francesca Frascella, Emanuele Enrico, Pietro Mandracci, Natascia De Leo et al.
The lateral confinement of Bloch surface waves on a patterned multilayer is investigated by means of leakage radiation microscopy (LRM). Arrays of nanometric polymeric waveguides are fabricated on a proper silicon-nitride/silicon-oxide multilayer grown on a standard glass coverslip. By exploiting th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063305 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Suppression of microwave rectification effects in electrically detected magnetic resonance measurements

C. C. Lo, F. R. Bradbury, A. M. Tyryshkin, C. D. Weis, J. Bokor et al.
Spin-dependent transport properties of micro- and nano-scale electronic devices are commonly studied by electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR). However, the applied microwave fields in EDMR experiments can induce large rectification effects and result in perturbations of the device bias con ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063510 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Half-harmonic Kelvin probe force microscopy with transfer function correction

Senli Guo, Sergei V. Kalinin, and Stephen Jesse
An approach for surface potential imaging based on half-harmonic band excitation (BE) in Kelvin probe force microscopy is demonstrated. Using linear and half-harmonic BE enables quantitative correction of the cantilever transfer function. Half-harmonic band excitation Kelvin probe force microscopy ( ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063118 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Energy harvesting in semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor junctions through excitation of surface plasmon polaritons

A. K. Pradhan, Terence Holloway, Rajeh Mundle, Hareesh Dondapati, and M. Bahoura
We have demonstrated a simple approach for developing a photovoltaic device consisting of semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor (SIS) heterojunction using surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) generated in one of the semiconductors (Al:ZnO) and propagated through the dielectric barrier (SiO) to other (S ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 061127 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Mechanically compliant grating reflectors for optomechanics

Utku Kemiktarak, Michael Metcalfe, Mathieu Durand, and John Lawall
We demonstrate micromechanical reflectors with a reflectivity as large as 99.4% and a mechanical quality factor Q as large as 7.8 x 10 for optomechanical applications. The reflectors are silicon nitride membranes patterned with sub-wavelength grating structures, obviating the need for the many die ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 061124 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Charge density waves condensate as measure of charge order and disorder in EuSrMnO (x = 0.50, 0.58) manganites

Parul Pandey, Nilesh Awari, Rakesh Rana, Abhishek Singh, S. S. Prabhu et al.
We have explored the low-energy excitations in epitaxial thin films of EuSrMnO [x = 0.50: spin-glass with short range charge-order and x = 0.58: long range charge-order] using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. A finite frequency peak structure in optical conductivity is observed at ~3.5 meV for bo ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 062408 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Tantalum nitride superconducting single-photon detectors with low cut-off energy

A. Engel, A. Aeschbacher, K. Inderbitzin, A. Schilling, K. Il'in et al.
Materials with a small superconducting energy gap are expected to favor a high detection efficiency of low-energy photons in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. We developed a TaN detector with smaller gap and lower density of states at the Fermi energy than in comparable NbN devices, ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 062601 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

First-principles characterization of ferromagnetism in N-doped SrTiO and BaTiO

Kesong Yang, Ying Dai, and Baibiao Huang
The spin-polarization and magnetic coupling character of N-doped SrTiO (STO) and BaTiO (BTO) are studied through first-principles calculations. The substitutional N doping at O sites leads to a half-metallic property and produces a magnetic moment of 1.0 [mu]. The magnetic interaction between the ne ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 062409 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Formation and structure of 360 and 540 degree domain walls in thin magnetic stripes

Youngman Jang, S. R. Bowden, Mark Mascaro, J. Unguris, and C. A. Ross
360 degrees , 540 degrees , and other complex transverse domain walls have been created in narrow cobalt wires connected to injection pads by cycling a magnetic field perpendicular to the wire length. The composite walls, formed by impingement of 180 degrees transverse walls of alternating chiralit ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 062407 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Enhanced spontaneous emission from quantum dots in short photonic crystal waveguides

Thang Ba Hoang, Johannes Beetz, Leonardo Midolo, Matthias Skacel, Matthias Lermer et al.
We report a study of the quantum dot (QD) emission in short photonic crystal waveguides. We observe that the quantum dot photoluminescence intensity and decay rate are strongly enhanced when the emission energy is in resonance with Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity modes in the slow-light regime of the disper ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 061122 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Virtual ghost imaging through turbulence and obscurants using Bessel beam illumination

Ronald E. Meyers, Keith S. Deacon, Arnold D. Tunick, and Yanhua Shih
We experimentally demonstrate a single sensor virtual ghost imaging (VGI) configuration that uses the physics of nearly diffraction free light sources to penetrate partially obscuring media or turbulent media and generate images of remote opaque objects. Randomly displaced nearly diffraction free Be ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 061126 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Directional waveguide coupling from a wavelength-scale deformed microdisk laser

Brandon Redding, Li Ge, Glenn S. Solomon, and Hui Cao
We demonstrate uni-directional evanescent coupling of lasing emission from a wavelength-scale deformed microdisk to a waveguide. This is attributed to the Goos-Hanchen shift and Fresnel filtering effect that result in a spatial separation of the clockwise (CW) and counter-clockwise (CCW) propagating ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 061125 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Periodically focused modes in chains of dielectric spheres

Arash Darafsheh and Vasily N. Astratov
We show that, theoretically, Brewster angle conditions for transverse magnetic polarized rays can be periodically reproduced in chains of spheres with index n = sqrt(3) giving rise to lossless periodically focused modes with 2D period, where D is the sphere diameter. Using ray tracing for a spherica ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 061123 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Non-radiative complete surface acoustic wave bandgap for finite-depth holey phononic crystal in lithium niobate

Didit Yudistira, Yan Pennec, Bahram Djafari Rouhani, Samuel Dupont, and Vincent Laude
We demonstrate the existence of non-radiative complete surface acoustic wave (SAW) bandgaps for two-dimensional piezoelectric phononic crystals of holes. Holes of finite depth in a semi-infinite LiNbO substrate are specifically considered. SAW bandgaps are determined from the band structure calculat ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 061912 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Electronic and magnetic properties of LaNiMnO and LaCoMnO with cationic ordering

Min Zhu, Yong Lin, Edward W. C. Lo, Qiong Wang, Zhengjie Zhao et al.
Employing first-principles electronic structure calculations, the electronic and magnetic properties of LaNiMnO and LaCoMnO with Ni/Mn and Co/Mn ordering in (001), (110), and (111) directions are investigated. The ground states of LaNiMnO and LaCoMnO are ferromagnetic semiconducting with alternative ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 062406 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

The Influence of Mechanical and Laser Cutting on the Fatigue Strengths of Square Hollow-Section Welded T-Joints

R. Moazed and R. Fotouhi
T-joint connections are commonly encountered in many machine components and load carrying members. The T-joint connections can be fabricated using traditional cutting (machine or flame) or by laser cutting techniques. The present study investigates the feasibility of using laser cutting to produce w ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 134, 031401 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Dynamics: Large-Angle Motions in Euler-Space

Bert Sweetman and Lei Wang
Floating structures have been proposed to support offshore wind turbines in deep water, where environmental forcing could subject the rotor to meaningful angular displacements in both precession and nutation, offering design challenges beyond conventional bottom-founded structures. This paper offers ... [J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 134, 031903 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Constant tip-surface distance with atomic force microscopy via quality factor feedback

Lin Fan, Daniel Potter, and Todd Sulchek
The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a powerful and widely used instrument to image topography and measure forces at the micrometer and nanometer length scale. Because of the high degree of operating accuracy required of the instrument, small thermal and mechanical drifts of the cantilever and piezo ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 023706 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Tracer-encapsulated solid pellet injection system

Shigeru Sudo and Naoki Tamura
The method of tracer-encapsulated solid pellet (TESPEL) is now flourishing in various fields. The original purpose to study impurity transport without giving substantial perturbation on the plasma is implemented successfully for years. In addition to this, TESPEL is being intensively applied to stud ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 023503 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Nanostructure operations by means of the liquid metal ion sources

I. S. Gasanov and I. I. Gurbanov
Characteristics of a disperse phase of liquid metal ion source on the basis of various working substances are investigated. It is revealed that generation of the charged particles occurs in the threshold image and is simultaneously accompanied by excitation of capillary instability on a surface of t ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B906 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Study of space charge compensation phenomena in charged particle beams

P. Veltri, M. Cavenago, and G. Serianni
The propagation of a charged particle beam is accompanied by the production of secondary particles created in the interaction of the beam itself with the background gas flowing in the accelerator tube. In the drift region, where the electric field of the electrodes is negligible, secondary particles ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B709 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Development of low-energy and high-current-density ion beam system

H. Sakakita, S. Kiyama, Y. Hirano, H. Koguchi, T. Shimada et al.
A low-energy ion beam system operating at a dc voltage of less than 300 V was developed using an ion source with a multicusp magnetic field. A high-current-density ion beam of 6.9 mA/cm was successfully extracted at the electrode. The beam extraction characteristics for flat and concave electrodes w ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B708 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Use of the focusing multi-slit ion optical system at RUssian Diagnostic Injector (RUDI)

A. Listopad, J. Coenen, V. Davydenko, A. Ivanov, V. Mishagin et al.
The upgrade of the diagnostic neutral beam injector RUDI in 2010 was performed to increase the beam density at the focal plane in accordance with the requirements of charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostics. A new focusing ion-optical system (IOS) with slit beamlets and an enlarged ape ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B707 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

New methods for high current fast ion beam production by laser-driven acceleration

D. Margarone, J. Krasa, J. Prokupek, A. Velyhan, L. Torrisi et al.
An overview of the last experimental campaigns on laser-driven ion acceleration performed at the PALS facility in Prague is given. Both the 2 TW, sub-nanosecond iodine laser system and the 20 TW, femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser, recently installed at PALS, are used along our experiments performed in t ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B307 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Sheath structure in negative ion sources for fusion (invited)

R. McAdams, D. B. King, A. J. T. Holmes, and E. Surrey
In fusion negative ion sources, the negative ions are formed on the caesiated plasma grid predominantly by hydrogen atoms from the plasma. The space charge of the negative ions leaving the wall is not fully compensated by incoming positive ions and at high enough emission a virtual cathode is formed ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B109 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Progress in the MITICA beam source design

P. Zaccaria, P. Agostinetti, D. Marcuzzi, M. Pavei, N. Pilan et al.
In the framework of the development of the ITER neutral beam (NB) system, a test facility is planned to be built in Padova. A full size prototype of the ITER heating NB injector (MITICA) shall be built and tested at full beam power (17 MW) as per ITER requirements. The design of the MITICA beam sour ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B108 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Concepts for the magnetic design of the MITICA neutral beam test facility ion accelerator

G. Chitarin, P. Agostinetti, N. Marconato, D. Marcuzzi, E. Sartori et al.
The megavolt ITER injector concept advancement neutral injector test facility will be constituted by a RF-driven negative ion source and by an electrostatic Accelerator, designed to produce a negative Ion with a specific energy up to 1 MeV. The beam is then neutralized in order to obtain a focused 1 ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B107 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

A close-coupling multi-antenna type radio frequency driven ion source

Y. Oka and T. Shoji
A newly close coupling multi-antenna type radio frequency driven ion source is tested for the purpose of essentially improving plasma coupling on the basis of our old type ion source, which reuses a NNBI (negative ion source for neutral beam injection) ion source used in 1/5th scale of the Large Hel ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B106 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

A 3D Monte Carlo code for the modeling of plasma dynamics and beam formation mechanism in electron cyclotron resonance ion sources

L. Neri, D. Mascali, L. Celona, S. Gammino, and G. Ciavola
The code here presented is the first part of a Monte Carlo (MC) self-consistent 3D plasma simulator. It is yet able to solve the equation of motion for thousands of independent charged particles. The procedure allows to understand the consequences of each phenomenon introduced in the evolution steps ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A330 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

A 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance proton ion source and a dual-lens low energy beam transport

W. H. Zhang, H. Y. Ma, Y. Yang, Q. Wu, X. Z. Zhang et al.
The structure and preliminary commissioning results of a new 2.45 GHz ECR proton ion source and a dual-lens low energy beam transport (LEBT) system are presented in this paper. The main magnetic field of the ion source is provided by a set of permanent magnets with two small electro-solenoid magnets ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A329 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Development of DRAGON electron cyclotron resonance ion source at Institute of Modern Physics

W. Lu, D. Z. Xie, X. Z. Zhang, B. Xiong, L. Ruan et al.
A new room temperature electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source, DRAGON, is under construction at IMP. DRAGON is designed to operate at microwaves of frequencies of 14.518 GHz. Its axial solenoid coils are cooled with evaporative medium to provide an axial magnetic mirror field of 2.5 T at the ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A328 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Improvement of efficiency and temperature control of induction heating vapor source on electron cyclotron resonance ion source

T. Takenaka, R. Kiriyama, M. Muramatsu, A. Kitagawa, T. Uchida et al.
An electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) is used to generate multicharged ions for many kinds of the fields. We have developed an evaporator by using induction heating method that can generate pure vapor from solid state materials in ECRIS. We develop the new matching and protecting circui ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A327 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Design and fabrication of a superconducting magnet for an 18 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion/photon source NFRI-ECRIPS

H.-J. You, S.-W. Jang, Y.-H. Jung, T.-H. Lho, and S.-J. Lee
A superconducting magnet was designed and fabricated for an 18 GHz ECR ion/photon source, which will be installed at National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI) in South Korea. The magnetic system consists of a set of four superconducting coils for axial mirror field and 36 pieces of permanent magnets ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A326 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Multicharged ion source based on Penning-type discharge with electron cyclotron resonance heating by millimeter waves

A. V. Vodopyanov, I. V. Izotov, D. A. Mansfeld, and G. Yu. Yushkov
We suggest a Penning-type discharge as a trigger discharge for fast development of pulsed electron cyclotron resonance plasma. The Penning-type discharge glows at a low pressure as needed. Gyrotron radiation (75 GHz, 200 kW, 1 ms) was used for plasma heating. Fully striped helium ions were demonstra ... [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02A325 (2012)] published Fri Feb 10, 2012.

Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope

Julie E. McEnery, Peter F. Michelson, William S. Paciesas, and Steven Ritz
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, launched in June 2008, is an observatory designed to survey the high-energy gamma-ray sky. The primary instrument, the Large Area Telescope (LAT), provides observations from 20 MeV to greater than 300 GeV. A second instrument, the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), p ... [Opt. Eng. 51, 011012 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Real-time multiple plane area detection using a self-organizing map

Jeong-Hyun Kim, Zhu Teng, and Dong-Joong Kang
Plane detection in 3-D space is a core function of the autonomous mobile robot. A representative technique for plane detection is the Hough transform method. The Hough transform is robust to noise and makes accurate plane detection possible. However, a common problem in methods based on the Hough tr ... [Opt. Eng. 51, 017207 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Effect of noise on modulation amplitude and phase in frequency-domain diffusive imaging

Dongyel Kang and Matthew A. Kupinski
We theoretically investigate the effect of noise on frequency-domain heterodyne and/or homodyne measurements of intensity-modulated beams propagating through diffusive media, such as a photon density wave. We assumed that the attenuated amplitude and delayed phase are estimated by taking the Fourier ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 17, 016010 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Reliability-Based Design Optimization of Uncertain Stochastic Systems: Gradient-Based Scheme

H. A. Jensen, D. S. Kusanovic, M. A. Valdebenito, and G. I. Schueller
A method to carry out reliability-based optimization of uncertain structural systems under stochastic excitation is presented in this paper. The approach is based on a nonlinear interior point algorithm and a line search strategy. The associated reliability problems to be solved during the optimizat ... [J. Eng. Mech. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000304] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Flow Analysis and Assessment of Loss Models in the Symmetric Volute of a Turbo-Blower

Semi Kim, Junyoung Park, Bumseok Choi, and Jehyun Baek
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the flow structure and assess the accuracy of loss correlations in the symmetric volute of a turbo-blower using 3D steady flow analysis methods. To accurately model the flow field in the volute, an impeller with a single blade, a diffuser with ... [J. Fluids Eng. 134, 011101 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Aerodynamics of Fixed and Rotating Spoked Cycling Wheels

S. J. Karabelas and N. C. Markatos
The performance of a semiracing spoked wheel is numerically and experimentally studied at full size in a wind tunnel. The numerical investigation is divided into two parts. In the first part, the wheel is considered to be fixed (no rotation) and the numerical results are compared to the experimental ... [J. Fluids Eng. 134, 011102 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Velocity Profiles in a Cylindrical Liquid Jet by Reconstructed Velocimetry

J. R. Castrejon-Pita, S. D. Hoath, and I. M. Hutchings
An experimental setup and a simple reconstruction method are presented to measure velocity fields inside slightly tapering cylindrical liquid jets traveling through still air. Particle image velocimetry algorithms are used to calculate velocity fields from high speed images of jets of transparent li ... [J. Fluids Eng. 134, 011201 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Mechanical Behavior of Collagen-Fibrin Co-Gels Reflects Transition From Series to Parallel Interactions With Increasing Collagen Content

Victor K. Lai, Spencer P. Lake, Christina R. Frey, Robert T. Tranquillo, and Victor H. Barocas
Fibrin and collagen, biopolymers occurring naturally in the body, are biomaterials commonly-used as scaffolds for tissue engineering. How collagen and fibrin interact to confer macroscopic mechanical properties in collagen-fibrin composite systems remains poorly understood. In this study, we formula ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 011004 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

FEBio: Finite Elements for Biomechanics

Steve A. Maas, Benjamin J. Ellis, Gerard A. Ateshian, and Jeffrey A. Weiss
In the field of computational biomechanics, investigators have primarily used commercial software that is neither geared toward biological applications nor sufficiently flexible to follow the latest developments in the field. This lack of a tailored software environment has hampered research progres ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 011005 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Finite Element Aortic Injury Reconstruction of Near Side Lateral Impacts Using Real World Crash Data

Aditya Belwadi, John H. Siegel, Aadarsh Singh, Joyce A. Smith, King H. Yang et al.
Traumatic rupture of the aorta (TRA) remains the second most common cause of death associated with motor vehicle crashes, only less prevalent than brain injury. On average, nearly 8000 people die annually in the United States due to blunt injury to the aorta. It is observed that over 80% of occupant ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 011006 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Experimental Evidence of Impingement Induced Strains at the Interface and the Periphery of an Embedded Acetabular Cup Implant

Christoph Arndt, Christian Voigt, Hanno Steinke, Georg v. Salis-Soglio, and Roger Scholz
After total hip arthroplasty, impingement of implant components may occur during every-day patient activities causing increased shear stresses at the acetabular implantbone interface. In the literature, impingement related lever-out moments were noted for a number of acetabular components. But there ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 011007 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Using In Vivo Cine and 3D Multi-Contrast MRI to Determine Human Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Material Properties and Circumferential Shrinkage Rate and Their Impact on Stress/Strain Predictions

Haofei Liu, Gador Canton, Chun Yuan, Chun Yang, Kristen Billiar et al.
In vivo magnetic resonance image (MRI)-based computational models have been introduced to calculate atherosclerotic plaque stress and strain conditions for possible rupture predictions. However, patient-specific vessel material properties are lacking in those models, which affects the accuracy of th ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 011008 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Effect of the Intra-Abdominal Pressure and the Center of Segmental Body Mass on the Lumbar Spine Mechanics A Computational Parametric Study

W. M. Park, S. Wang, Y. H. Kim, K. B. Wood, J. A. Sim et al.
Determination of physiological loads in human lumbar spine is critical for understanding the mechanisms of lumbar diseases and for designing surgical treatments. Computational models have been used widely to estimate the physiological loads of the spine during simulated functional activities. Howeve ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 011009 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Amplitude and Phasing of Trunk Motion is Critical for the Efficacy of Gait Training Aimed at Reducing Ambulatory Loads at the Knee

Annegret Mundermann, Lars Mundermann, and Thomas P. Andriacchi
The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of changes in amplitude and phasing of medio-lateral trunk sway to a change in the knee adduction moment when walking with increased medio-lateral trunk sway. Kinematic and kinetic data of walking trials with normal and with increased trunk ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 011010 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Assessment of Energy Requirement for the Retinal Arterial Network in Normal and Hypertensive Subjects

D. Liu, N. B. Wood, N. Witt, A. D. Hughes, S. A. Thom et al.
The retinal arterial network structure can be altered by systemic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. In order to compare the energy requirement for maintaining retinal blood flow and vessel wall metabolism between normal and hypertensive subjects, 3D hypothetical models of a representative ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 014501 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Reliability of Impact Forces, Hip Angles and Velocities during Simulated Forward Falls Using a Novel Propelled Upper Limb Fall ARrest Impact System (PULARIS)

Timothy A. Burkhart, Don Clarke, and David M. Andrews
Previous forward fall simulation methods have provided good kinematic and kinetic data, but are limited in that they have started the falls from a stationary position and have primarily simulated uni-directional motion. Therefore, a novel Propelled Upper Limb fall ARest Impact System (PULARIS) was d ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 011001 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Optimization of Cardiovascular Stent Design Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Timothy J. Gundert, Alison L. Marsden, Weiguang Yang, and John F. LaDisa, Jr.
Coronary stent design affects the spatial distribution of wall shear stress (WSS), which can influence the progression of endothelialization, neointimal hyperplasia, and restenosis. Previous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies have only examined a small number of possible geometries to identi ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 011002 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Perfusion Characteristics of the Human Hepatic Microcirculation Based on Three-Dimensional Reconstructions and Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis

Charlotte Debbaut, Jan Vierendeels, Christophe Casteleyn, Pieter Cornillie, Denis Van Loo et al.
The perfusion of the liver microcirculation is often analyzed in terms of idealized functional units (hexagonal liver lobules) based on a porous medium approach. More elaborate research is essential to assess the validity of this approach and to provide a more adequate and quantitative characterizat ... [J. Biomech. Eng. 134, 011003 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Experimental and Finite Element Modal Analysis of a Pliant Elastic Membrane for Micro Air Vehicles Applications

Uttam Kumar Chakravarty and Roberto Albertani
This paper investigates the modal characteristics of a latex membrane for micro air vehicles applications. Finite element (FE) models are developed for characterizing the latex membrane at dynamic loading and validated by experimental results. The membrane at different pre-tension levels is attached ... [J. Appl. Mech. 79, 021004 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Perturbation Finite Element Transfer Matrix Method for Random Eigenvalue Problems of Uncertain Structures

Bao Rong, Xiaoting Rui, and Ling Tao
The rapid computation of random eigenvalue problems of uncertain structures is the key point in structural dynamics, and it is prerequisite to the efficient dynamic analysis and optimal design of structures. In this paper, by combining finite element-transfer matrix method (FE-TMM) with perturbation ... [J. Appl. Mech. 79, 021005 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Capillary Electrodynamic Stability of Self-Gravitational Fluid Cylinder With Varying Electric Field

Alfaisal A. Hasan
The instability of a self-gravitating fluid cylinder surrounded by a self-gravitating tenuous medium pervaded by transverse varying electric field is discussed under the combined effect of the capillary, self-gravitating, and electric forces. This has been done for all axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetr ... [J. Appl. Mech. 79, 021006 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Influence of Melting Heat Transfer in the Stagnation-Point Flow of a Jeffrey Fluid in the Presence of Viscous Dissipation

M. Mustafa, T. Hayat, and Awatif A. Hendi
This communication studies the effect of melting heat transfer on the stagnation-point flow of a Jeffrey fluid over a stretching sheet. Heat transfer analysis is carried out in the presence of viscous dissipation. The arising differential system has been solved by the homotopy analysis method (HAM). ... [J. Appl. Mech. 79, 024501 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

On Singularity of Rigid-Body Dynamics Using Quaternion-Based Models

Homin Choi and Bingen Yang
It is well known that use of quaternions in dynamic modeling of rigid bodies can avoid the singularity due to Euler rotations. This paper shows that the dynamic response of a rigid body modeled by quaternions may become unbounded when a torque is applied to the body. A theorem is derived, relating t ... [J. Appl. Mech. 79, 024502 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

A Micromechanically Based Anisotropic Constitutive Model for the Microtubule Wall

Melis Arslan and Mary C. Boyce
Microtubules serve as one of the structural components of the cell and govern several important cellular functions including mitosis and vesicular transport. Microtubules are comprised of tubulin subunits formed by alpha and beta tubulin dimers arranged in a cylindrical hollow tube with diameter ~20 ... [J. Appl. Mech. 79, 021002 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Bio-Morphing of Progressive Pathologies in Haversian Cortical Bone

E. Budyn, J. Jonvaux, and T. Hoc
We present an evolutionary microstructural model to study the mechanical behavior of pathological Haversian cortical bone in the framework of linear elasticity. The Haversian cortical bone includes Haversian canals, osteons, cement lines, and interstitial bone. The composite microstructure is built ... [J. Appl. Mech. 79, 021001 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Effect of Contact Conditions on Void Coalescence at Low Stress Triaxiality Shearing

Jonas Dahl, Kim L. Nielsen, and Viggo Tvergaard
Recent numerical cell-model studies have revealed the ductile failure mechanism in shear to be governed by the interaction between neighboring voids, which collapse to micro-cracks and continuously rotate and elongate until coalescence occurs. Modeling this failure mechanism is by no means trivial a ... [J. Appl. Mech. 79, 021003 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Morphometric measurement of Schlemm's canal in normal human eye using anterior segment swept source optical coherence tomography

Guohua Shi, Fei Wang, Xiqi Li, Jing Lu, Zhihua Ding et al.
We have used anterior segment swept source optical coherence tomography to measure Schlemm's canal (SC) morphometric values in the living human eye. Fifty healthy volunteers with 100 normal eyes were measured in the nasal and temporal side. Comparison with the published SC morphometric values of his ... [J. Biomed. Opt. 17, 016016 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Dopant effects on solid phase epitaxy in silicon and germanium

B. C. Johnson, T. Ohshima, and J. C. McCallum
The kinetics of dopant-enhanced solid phase epitaxy (SPE) are studied in amorphous silicon (a-Si) and germanium (a-Ge) layers formed by ion implantation. Implanted Sb dopants into a-Ge up to a concentration of 1 x 10cm are considered and compared to As implanted layers at similar concentrations. A ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034906 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Length dependence of the resistance in graphite: Influence of ballistic transport

P. Esquinazi, J. Barzola-Quiquia, S. Dusari, and N. Garcia
Using a linear array of voltage electrodes with a separation of several micrometers on a 20 nm thick and 30 [mu]m long multigraphene sample, we show that the measured resistance does not follow the usual length dependence according to Ohm's law. The deviations can be quantitatively explained taking ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 033709 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Experimental study on the field emission properties of metal oxide nanoparticledecorated graphene

Tessy Theres Baby and Sundara Ramaprabhu
In the present study, electron field emission efficiency of metal oxide nanoparticledecorated graphene has been investigated. Tin oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticledecorated hydrogen exfoliated graphene (SnO/HEG and ZnO/HEG) have been synthesized by chemical reduction and sol-gel techniques, respecti ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034311 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.

Experimental study on the field emission properties of metal oxide nanoparticledecorated graphene

Tessy Theres Baby and Sundara Ramaprabhu
In the present study, electron field emission efficiency of metal oxide nanoparticledecorated graphene has been investigated. Tin oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticledecorated hydrogen exfoliated graphene (SnO/HEG and ZnO/HEG) have been synthesized by chemical reduction and sol-gel techniques, respecti ... [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 034311 (2012)] published Thu Feb 9, 2012.