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Table of Contents July 2000

Features

Phase-Sensitive X-Ray Imaging
New approaches that can detect x-ray phase shifts within soft tissues show promise for clinical and biological applications— Richard Fitzgerald

SPECIAL FOCUS: Perspectives on Copenhagen

A Historical Perspective on Copenhagen
What was Werner Heisenberg trying to tell Niels Bohr during his visit to Copenhagen in 1941, and what did he want from Bohr?—David C. Cassidy

The German Uranium Project
The Farm Hall tapes show that Werner Heisenberg did not know how to calculate the critical mass in 1945, indicating that he did not work on atomic bombs during the war—Hans A. Bethe

Werner Heisenberg and Albert Einstein

Departments

Physics Update

Reference Frame

The contemplation of quantum computationN. David Mermin

Letters

Who Ordered Theorists?

Discussing (or Not) Our Nuclear Future

Teaching Students How to Learn

Corrections

Search & Discovery

Balloon measurements of the cosmic microwave background strongly favor a flat cosmos
The power spectrum of the microwave background's tiny point-to-point temperature fluctuations is a superb probe of cosmic curvature.

An atom is trapped by the field of just one photon
The field of a single photon can not only trap atoms but also signal its position.

Our knowledge of G gets worse, then better
The precision with which we know a fundamental constant usually gets better with the passing years. Just the opposite, however, was happening recently to G, Newton's gravitational constant

Meetings

ACA Celebrates its 50th Anniversary this Month

Washington Reports

Astronomers envision new observing instruments in next decade to focus on farthest reaches
Of all of today's scientists, astronomers seem best able to agree on the instruments they need for their far-out discoveries.

Washington ins & outs: Rosenfeld, Creedon, and Kelly advance
Barely four months after leaving the Department of Energy (DOE) last December to cofound the Center for Energy and Climate Solutions (CECS), a nonprofit consulting organization in Annandale, Virginia, Arthur H. Rosenfeld was surprised to learn on 4 April that he had been appointed by California governor Gray Davis to the California Energy Commission

Physics Community

Argo begins systematic global probing of the upper oceans
International support for Argo is growing because of the applications anticipated from knowing more about the links between oceanic and atmospheric behavior.

An 'A' for UK physics
At its best, research in physics and astronomy in the UK is at the very highest level worldwide," an international panel recently found.

String theorist wins premier book prize
Brian
Greene, a theoretical physicist from Columbia University, has won the prestigious $16 000 Aventis Science Book Prize. Greene's book, The Elegant Universe, beat more than 117 nominations.

Physics lags in attracting women
The number of women in physics in the US is increasing. That's the good news. The bad news is that women nevertheless remain sorely underrepresented in physics, according to a recent report by the American Institute of Physics.

In Brief
More SALT; Astrochemistry network; Lasers for industry; Science advice

Web Watch
HyperPhysics; the Sommerfeld Project; Creating Copenhagen

 

Books

In the Shadow of the Bomb Bethe, Oppenheimer, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist: , S. S. Schweber (reviewed by S. D. Drell)

Physics with Tau Leptons, A. Stahl (reviewed by M. L. Perl)

Black Hole Physics: Basic Concepts and New Developments, V. P. Frolov and I. D. Novikov (reviewed by J. A. Isenberg)

ENIAC: The Triumphs and Tragedies of the World's First Computer, S. McCartney (reviewed by J. R. Macdonald and H. G. Cragon)

Polymers at Surfaces and Interfaces, R. A. L. Jones and R. W. Richards (reviewed by M. Muthukumar)

Their Day in the Sun: Women of the Manhattan Project, R. H. Howes and C. L. Herzenberg (reviewed by B. C. Zulueta)

New books

New Products

Focus on vacuum technology

We Hear That

National Academy Adds New Members

In Brief



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Cover: This x-ray image of a mouse was taken at the Elettra Synchrotron Light Source using a perfect lattice as a very sensitive angular filter. The contrast here, unlike that in conventional absorption imaging, originates in the tiny differences in the angle of refraction of x rays emerging from the sample. Soft tissue features such as fur and whiskers can clearly be seen. For more about this and other approaches to extracting phase information from x rays, see the article.

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