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Education and early professional experience; undergraduate studies at Princeton University; graduate studies at University of Illinois; Ph.D., 1949. Teaching at Stanford University and MIT during the 1950s. Involvement with JASON (Charles Townes) from 1960; JASON-PSAC relations; member of PSAC in 1966. Leaves Stanford for SLAC in 1963. Discussions of selection of members, projects in JASON; collaboration within, political views. Clearance levels and comparison of JASON research and academic physics. Impact of JASON on ABM and his role in ABM policy decisions; JASON's role in public policy making and its unique contributions. Describes the evolution of his career from JASON physicist to activist against SDI and Reagan's Star Wars initiative. Chairman of HEPAP; relationship with Andrei Sakharov. Research from 1960 to present.
Family background and childhood in Germany, 1919-1934; emigration to U.S. and undergraduate study and life at Princeton University, 1934-1938. Graduate work at California Institute of Technology, 1938-1942; work with Jesse W. M. DuMond, course load, and importance of his thesis. War work at California Institute of Technology; problems because of enemy alien status; work on firing error indicators. War work at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory: atomic bomb explosion, feelings concerning implications. Research at University of California at Berkeley, 1945-1951: construction of linear accelerator under Luis Alvarez (training, funding, working relationships, work schedules, relationship with other research groups), work on synchrotron, bevatron, Material Testing Accelerator project, neutal meson work and pion work; campus life, teaching responsibilities, textbook writing with Melba Phillips; security measures at Berkeley, 1945-1951: Berkeley's loyalty oath leads to move to Stanford University, 1951. The "Screw Driver" report (with Robert Hofstadter) for the Atomic Energy Commission. Korean War-related work (Felix Bloch, Edward L. Ginzton, Robert Kyhl); rigid politics of physics department; Washington involvement; consultant to the Air Force Science Advisory Board; Hans Bethe, Edward Teller; Bethe's Conference of Experts, 1958; Geneva negotiations, 1959; George Kistiakowski and Isidor I. Rabi; appointment to President's Science Advisory Committee, 1960; Dwight D. Eisenhower. Government support of science; Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC); Joint Committee on Atomic Energy hearings (Ginzton, Varian Associates); avoiding the "Berkeley image" at SLAC. Also prominently mentioned are: Sue Gray Norton Alsalan, Carl David Anderson, Raymond Thayer Birge, Hugh Bradner, Henry Eyring, Don Gow, Alex E. S. Green, William Webster Hansen, Joel Henry Hildebrand, Giulo Lattes, Ernest Orlando Lawrence, Edwin Mattison McMillan, John Francis Neylan, Hans Arnold Panofsky, Ryokishi Sagane, Robert Gordon Sproul, Raymond L. Steinberger, Charles Hard Townes, Watters, Gian Carlo Wick, John Robert Woodyard, Dean E. Wooldridge, Fritz Zwicky; Federation of American Scientists, and Lawrence Radiation.
Family background and childhood in Germany, 1919-1934; emigration to U.S. and undergraduate study and life at Princeton University, 1934-1938. Graduate work at California Institute of Technology, 1938-1942; work with Jesse W. M. DuMond, course load, and importance of his thesis. War work at California Institute of Technology; problems because of enemy alien status; work on firing error indicators. War work at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory: atomic bomb explosion, feelings concerning implications. Research at University of California at Berkeley, 1945-1951: construction of linear accelerator under Luis Alvarez (training, funding, working relationships, work schedules, relationship with other research groups), work on synchrotron, bevatron, Material Testing Accelerator project, neutal meson work and pion work; campus life, teaching responsibilities, textbook writing with Melba Phillips; security measures at Berkeley, 1945-1951: Berkeley's loyalty oath leads to move to Stanford University, 1951. The "Screw Driver" report (with Robert Hofstadter) for the Atomic Energy Commission. Korean War-related work (Felix Bloch, Edward L. Ginzton, Robert Kyhl); rigid politics of physics department; Washington involvement; consultant to the Air Force Science Advisory Board; Hans Bethe, Edward Teller; Bethe's Conference of Experts, 1958; Geneva negotiations, 1959; George Kistiakowski and Isidor I. Rabi; appointment to President's Science Advisory Committee, 1960; Dwight D. Eisenhower. Government support of science; Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC); Joint Committee on Atomic Energy hearings (Ginzton, Varian Associates); avoiding the "Berkeley image" at SLAC. Also prominently mentioned are: Sue Gray Norton Alsalan, Carl David Anderson, Raymond Thayer Birge, Hugh Bradner, Henry Eyring, Don Gow, Alex E. S. Green, William Webster Hansen, Joel Henry Hildebrand, Giulo Lattes, Ernest Orlando Lawrence, Edwin Mattison McMillan, John Francis Neylan, Hans Arnold Panofsky, Ryokishi Sagane, Robert Gordon Sproul, Raymond L. Steinberger, Charles Hard Townes, Watters, Gian Carlo Wick, John Robert Woodyard, Dean E. Wooldridge, Fritz Zwicky; Federation of American Scientists, and Lawrence Radiation.
<p>Then, the project finally got authorized in 1961 — but again after a rather amusing set of coincidences. At that time the Stanford project was sort of known as the Republican project because Eisenhower had proposed it to a Democratic Congress. At that time there was a project that the Democrats wanted in Congress which the Republican administration did not want. This was for the Hanford Reactor to generate power into the electrical net, because it was considered to be socialized electricity by the Republicans, to have power generated by a production reactor. There was also good economic and technical reasons against such a project. It’s a very inefficient reactor, for power generation because of the low temperature at which the Hanford reactor operates. Anyway, the Democrats wanted it and the Republicans didn't.</p>
<p>On the other hand, the Stanford linear accelerator was considered to be a Republican proposal, opposed by the Democrats. So after a while the Republicans and Democrats in the Joint Committee essentially said, "If you approve Hanford, then we approve Stanford." So it ended up with both of them getting approved, and it was this entirely political infighting in the Congress which resulted in that last hurdle being passed. However in 1960, we already had very good confidence that it would go, because the three million dollars was fundamentally a signal to us that Congress really meant it but that they wanted to slap Mr. Eisenhower’s wrist for non-consultation.</p>
Autobiographical oral history with Park. Topics include his childhood and education; his early experiences with science; early plans to go to law school; Air Force experience in the 1950s. Left Air Force 1956, education at University of Texas; reactions to Cold War and Sputnik; graduate school at Brown University; graduate research in solid state physics with Harry Farnsworth; first position at Sandia Laboratories; research in surface physics, disucssion of this work; reaction to atomic weapons production. Left Sandia for the University of Maryland, became department chair in 1978; Discussion of physics at Maryland during his tenure; University research topics and research styles; his directorship of the Washington office of the American Physical Society; beginning of his series of updates and newsletters describing events in Washington and elsewhere of interest to physicists, which became the "What's New" column. Remainder of interview focuses on Park's experiences as interface of public policy, science, and politics. Final comments on changes in the physics community during his career.
Autobiographical oral history with Park. Topics include his childhood and education; his early experiences with science; early plans to go to law school; Air Force experience in the 1950s. Left Air Force 1956, education at University of Texas; reactions to Cold War and Sputnik; graduate school at Brown University; graduate research in solid state physics with Harry Farnsworth; first position at Sandia Laboratories; research in surface physics, disucssion of this work; reaction to atomic weapons production. Left Sandia for the University of Maryland, became department chair in 1978; Discussion of physics at Maryland during his tenure; University research topics and research styles; his directorship of the Washington office of the American Physical Society; beginning of his series of updates and newsletters describing events in Washington and elsewhere of interest to physicists, which became the "What's New" column. Remainder of interview focuses on Park's experiences as interface of public policy, science, and politics. Final comments on changes in the physics community during his career.
Piore's involvement in science research policies; establishment of the Office of Naval Research and its relationship with institutions such as the National Science Foundation, National Science Board, Atomic Energy Commission, and the President's Science Advisory Committee; funding of large-scale research (SLAC and other accelerator centers). Education, from high school (Ethical Culture Society, New York City) and college years at University of Wisconsin (Ph.D. in physics, 1935). Career at Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), 1935-1942; work at Bureau of Ships during World War II, involving radar research, conventional weapons development, use of the atomic bomb, and early Russian space research. Also mentioned at length are: John Van Vleck, Raymond Herb, Ralph H. Fowler, Robert Serber, and Fritz Zworykin.