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Displaying 1 - 10 of total 12 results:
Childhood, early schooling, early trips to New Mexico and Europe. Influences of parents, brother (J. Robert Oppenheimer), and physics teacher; impressions, contacts with scientists, and experiences at Johns Hopkins University, Cavendish Laboratory, Florence Laboratory, Caltech, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, University of Minnesota, and University of Colorado; political involvements and subsequent blacklisting; ranch years, 1949-1959; return to scientific career; and current involvement in science museums (San Fransisco Exploratorium). Also prominently mentioned are: Luis Walter Alvarez, Carl David Anderson, Kenneth Tompkins Bainbridge, George Barere, Gilberto Bernardini, Jay W. Buchta, James Chadwick, Gerhard Heinrich Dieke, Charles D. Ellis, William Alfred Fowler, Phyllis Freier, Garbosso, Paul Horgan, Petr Kapitsa, Otto E. Klemperer, Klock, Charles Christian Lauritsen, Ernest Orlando Lawrence, E. Lofgren, Robert Andrews Millikan, Nevill Francis Mott, Quig Newton, Giuseppe Occhialini, Mark Oliphant, Ella Oppenheimer, Julius Oppenheimer, Mike Oppenheimer, Wilson Powell, Giulio Racah, Richman, Ernest Rutherford, Geoffrey Ingram Taylor, Edward Teller, George Eugène Uhlenbeck, Harvey White, Robert Rathbun Wilson, A. M. Wood; Archuleta County Soil Conservation Board, Cavendish Laboratory, Ethical Culture School, Ethical Culture Society Fieldston High School, Lawrence Hall of Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, McCarthy-Army controversy, Pagosa Springs High School, Physical Sciences Study Committee, Princeton University, San Francisco Maritime Museum, San Francisco Palace of Fine Arts, United States Congress House Committee on Un-American Activities, United States Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Office of Naval Research, Università degli Studi, Università di Firenze, University of Colorado, Boulder, University of Minnesota, University of Rochester, and Wheatridge High School.
Childhood, early schooling, early trips to New Mexico and Europe. Influences of parents, brother (J. Robert Oppenheimer), and physics teacher; impressions, contacts with scientists, and experiences at Johns Hopkins University, Cavendish Laboratory, Florence Laboratory, Caltech, Stanford University, University of California at Berkeley, University of Minnesota, and University of Colorado; political involvements and subsequent blacklisting; ranch years, 1949-1959; return to scientific career; and current involvement in science museums (San Fransisco Exploratorium). Also prominently mentioned are: Luis Walter Alvarez, Carl David Anderson, Kenneth Tompkins Bainbridge, George Barere, Gilberto Bernardini, Jay W. Buchta, James Chadwick, Gerhard Heinrich Dieke, Charles D. Ellis, William Alfred Fowler, Phyllis Freier, Garbosso, Paul Horgan, Petr Kapitsa, Otto E. Klemperer, Klock, Charles Christian Lauritsen, Ernest Orlando Lawrence, E. Lofgren, Robert Andrews Millikan, Nevill Francis Mott, Quig Newton, Giuseppe Occhialini, Mark Oliphant, Ella Oppenheimer, Julius Oppenheimer, Mike Oppenheimer, Wilson Powell, Giulio Racah, Richman, Ernest Rutherford, Geoffrey Ingram Taylor, Edward Teller, George Eugène Uhlenbeck, Harvey White, Robert Rathbun Wilson, A. M. Wood; Archuleta County Soil Conservation Board, Cavendish Laboratory, Ethical Culture School, Ethical Culture Society Fieldston High School, Lawrence Hall of Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, McCarthy-Army controversy, Pagosa Springs High School, Physical Sciences Study Committee, Princeton University, San Francisco Maritime Museum, San Francisco Palace of Fine Arts, United States Congress House Committee on Un-American Activities, United States Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Office of Naval Research, Università degli Studi, Università di Firenze, University of Colorado, Boulder, University of Minnesota, University of Rochester, and Wheatridge High School.
Family background and childhood in Germany, 1919-1934; emigration to U.S. and undergraduate study and life at Princeton University, 1934-1938. Graduate work at California Institute of Technology, 1938-1942; work with Jesse W. M. DuMond, course load, and importance of his thesis. War work at California Institute of Technology; problems because of enemy alien status; work on firing error indicators. War work at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory: atomic bomb explosion, feelings concerning implications. Research at University of California at Berkeley, 1945-1951: construction of linear accelerator under Luis Alvarez (training, funding, working relationships, work schedules, relationship with other research groups), work on synchrotron, bevatron, Material Testing Accelerator project, neutal meson work and pion work; campus life, teaching responsibilities, textbook writing with Melba Phillips; security measures at Berkeley, 1945-1951: Berkeley's loyalty oath leads to move to Stanford University, 1951. The "Screw Driver" report (with Robert Hofstadter) for the Atomic Energy Commission. Korean War-related work (Felix Bloch, Edward L. Ginzton, Robert Kyhl); rigid politics of physics department; Washington involvement; consultant to the Air Force Science Advisory Board; Hans Bethe, Edward Teller; Bethe's Conference of Experts, 1958; Geneva negotiations, 1959; George Kistiakowski and Isidor I. Rabi; appointment to President's Science Advisory Committee, 1960; Dwight D. Eisenhower. Government support of science; Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC); Joint Committee on Atomic Energy hearings (Ginzton, Varian Associates); avoiding the "Berkeley image" at SLAC. Also prominently mentioned are: Sue Gray Norton Alsalan, Carl David Anderson, Raymond Thayer Birge, Hugh Bradner, Henry Eyring, Don Gow, Alex E. S. Green, William Webster Hansen, Joel Henry Hildebrand, Giulo Lattes, Ernest Orlando Lawrence, Edwin Mattison McMillan, John Francis Neylan, Hans Arnold Panofsky, Ryokishi Sagane, Robert Gordon Sproul, Raymond L. Steinberger, Charles Hard Townes, Watters, Gian Carlo Wick, John Robert Woodyard, Dean E. Wooldridge, Fritz Zwicky; Federation of American Scientists, and Lawrence Radiation.
Family background and childhood in Germany, 1919-1934; emigration to U.S. and undergraduate study and life at Princeton University, 1934-1938. Graduate work at California Institute of Technology, 1938-1942; work with Jesse W. M. DuMond, course load, and importance of his thesis. War work at California Institute of Technology; problems because of enemy alien status; work on firing error indicators. War work at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory: atomic bomb explosion, feelings concerning implications. Research at University of California at Berkeley, 1945-1951: construction of linear accelerator under Luis Alvarez (training, funding, working relationships, work schedules, relationship with other research groups), work on synchrotron, bevatron, Material Testing Accelerator project, neutal meson work and pion work; campus life, teaching responsibilities, textbook writing with Melba Phillips; security measures at Berkeley, 1945-1951: Berkeley's loyalty oath leads to move to Stanford University, 1951. The "Screw Driver" report (with Robert Hofstadter) for the Atomic Energy Commission. Korean War-related work (Felix Bloch, Edward L. Ginzton, Robert Kyhl); rigid politics of physics department; Washington involvement; consultant to the Air Force Science Advisory Board; Hans Bethe, Edward Teller; Bethe's Conference of Experts, 1958; Geneva negotiations, 1959; George Kistiakowski and Isidor I. Rabi; appointment to President's Science Advisory Committee, 1960; Dwight D. Eisenhower. Government support of science; Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC); Joint Committee on Atomic Energy hearings (Ginzton, Varian Associates); avoiding the "Berkeley image" at SLAC. Also prominently mentioned are: Sue Gray Norton Alsalan, Carl David Anderson, Raymond Thayer Birge, Hugh Bradner, Henry Eyring, Don Gow, Alex E. S. Green, William Webster Hansen, Joel Henry Hildebrand, Giulo Lattes, Ernest Orlando Lawrence, Edwin Mattison McMillan, John Francis Neylan, Hans Arnold Panofsky, Ryokishi Sagane, Robert Gordon Sproul, Raymond L. Steinberger, Charles Hard Townes, Watters, Gian Carlo Wick, John Robert Woodyard, Dean E. Wooldridge, Fritz Zwicky; Federation of American Scientists, and Lawrence Radiation.
<p>Then, the project finally got authorized in 1961 — but again after a rather amusing set of coincidences. At that time the Stanford project was sort of known as the Republican project because Eisenhower had proposed it to a Democratic Congress. At that time there was a project that the Democrats wanted in Congress which the Republican administration did not want. This was for the Hanford Reactor to generate power into the electrical net, because it was considered to be socialized electricity by the Republicans, to have power generated by a production reactor. There was also good economic and technical reasons against such a project. It’s a very inefficient reactor, for power generation because of the low temperature at which the Hanford reactor operates. Anyway, the Democrats wanted it and the Republicans didn't.</p>
<p>On the other hand, the Stanford linear accelerator was considered to be a Republican proposal, opposed by the Democrats. So after a while the Republicans and Democrats in the Joint Committee essentially said, "If you approve Hanford, then we approve Stanford." So it ended up with both of them getting approved, and it was this entirely political infighting in the Congress which resulted in that last hurdle being passed. However in 1960, we already had very good confidence that it would go, because the three million dollars was fundamentally a signal to us that Congress really meant it but that they wanted to slap Mr. Eisenhower’s wrist for non-consultation.</p>
Family background and early education, motivation and funding for college; math program at Stanford University, from 1928; physics studies at California Institute of Technology; graduate study at Princeton University, beginning 1932, atmosphere of the department, faculty (Lou Turner, Eugene Wigner, John Von Neumann); colloquia, Edward Condon. Development of applications of group theory, work in solid state with Linus Pauling, Hillard B. Huntington, Albert Sherman, William Hansen, William Shockley, Robert R. Brattain, R. Bowling Barnes. Betty Seitz; work with her on the text Modern Theory of Solids. Sodium band theory work with Wigner. To University of Rochester with Lee DuBridge. Centers for solid state work including University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, Harvard University (John Van Vleck). Work at General Electric, 1935-1936, studies of luminescence; atmosphere in industrial labs following Depression, contacts with other industrial labs; association with DuPont. State of physics in 1930s, trends at solid state centers. Work on crystal defects, pigments, leading to work on germanium and, particularly, silicon; history of study of semiconductors and influences on its development such as World War II; work on dislocations and creep; work at Westinghouse Company. World War II work with Frankford Arsenal, Dahlgren Proving Ground, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Radiation Laboratory; University of Pennsylvania, 1938; Carnegie-Mellon University, 1942, on dark trace tubes, leading to color center papers; University of Chicago work on reactors and neutron diffraction, 1943; Oak Ridge National Laboratory with Wigner; Argonne National Laboratory, solid state group. With Field Intelligence Agency Technical (FIAT), visit to Gottingen, 1945; state of solid state physics in international centers and U.S. Return to Carnegie- Mellon; diffusion theory. Pugwash Conferences; trips to Japan, 1953 and 1962, conditions and theoretical solid state work in postwar Japan. To University of Illinois, 1949 (Wheeler Loomis); John Bardeen's work, visits by Nevill Mott and Heinz Pick; McCarthyism. Development of Seitz's bibliography, changes in the study of solid state during the 1950s.
Family background and early education, motivation and funding for college; math program at Stanford University, from 1928; physics studies at California Institute of Technology; graduate study at Princeton University, beginning 1932, atmosphere of the department, faculty (Lou Turner, Eugene Wigner, John Von Neumann); colloquia, Edward Condon. Development of applications of group theory, work in solid state with Linus Pauling, Hillard B. Huntington, Albert Sherman, William Hansen, William Shockley, Robert R. Brattain, R. Bowling Barnes. Betty Seitz; work with her on the text Modern Theory of Solids. Sodium band theory work with Wigner. To University of Rochester with Lee DuBridge. Centers for solid state work including University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, Harvard University (John Van Vleck). Work at General Electric, 1935-1936, studies of luminescence; atmosphere in industrial labs following Depression, contacts with other industrial labs; association with DuPont. State of physics in 1930s, trends at solid state centers. Work on crystal defects, pigments, leading to work on germanium and, particularly, silicon; history of study of semiconductors and influences on its development such as World War II; work on dislocations and creep; work at Westinghouse Company. World War II work with Frankford Arsenal, Dahlgren Proving Ground, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Radiation Laboratory; University of Pennsylvania, 1938; Carnegie-Mellon University, 1942, on dark trace tubes, leading to color center papers; University of Chicago work on reactors and neutron diffraction, 1943; Oak Ridge National Laboratory with Wigner; Argonne National Laboratory, solid state group. With Field Intelligence Agency Technical (FIAT), visit to Gottingen, 1945; state of solid state physics in international centers and U.S. Return to Carnegie- Mellon; diffusion theory. Pugwash Conferences; trips to Japan, 1953 and 1962, conditions and theoretical solid state work in postwar Japan. To University of Illinois, 1949 (Wheeler Loomis); John Bardeen's work, visits by Nevill Mott and Heinz Pick; McCarthyism. Development of Seitz's bibliography, changes in the study of solid state during the 1950s.
Family background and early education, motivation and funding for college; math program at Stanford University, from 1928; physics studies at California Institute of Technology; graduate study at Princeton University, beginning 1932, atmosphere of the department, faculty (Lou Turner, Eugene Wigner, John Von Neumann); colloquia, Edward Condon. Development of applications of group theory, work in solid state with Linus Pauling, Hillard B. Huntington, Albert Sherman, William Hansen, William Shockley, Robert R. Brattain, R. Bowling Barnes. Betty Seitz; work with her on the text Modern Theory of Solids. Sodium band theory work with Wigner. To University of Rochester with Lee DuBridge. Centers for solid state work including University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, Harvard University (John Van Vleck). Work at General Electric, 1935-1936, studies of luminescence; atmosphere in industrial labs following Depression, contacts with other industrial labs; association with DuPont. State of physics in 1930s, trends at solid state centers. Work on crystal defects, pigments, leading to work on germanium and, particularly, silicon; history of study of semiconductors and influences on its development such as World War II; work on dislocations and creep; work at Westinghouse Company. World War II work with Frankford Arsenal, Dahlgren Proving Ground, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Radiation Laboratory; University of Pennsylvania, 1938; Carnegie-Mellon University, 1942, on dark trace tubes, leading to color center papers; University of Chicago work on reactors and neutron diffraction, 1943; Oak Ridge National Laboratory with Wigner; Argonne National Laboratory, solid state group. With Field Intelligence Agency Technical (FIAT), visit to Gottingen, 1945; state of solid state physics in international centers and U.S. Return to Carnegie- Mellon; diffusion theory. Pugwash Conferences; trips to Japan, 1953 and 1962, conditions and theoretical solid state work in postwar Japan. To University of Illinois, 1949 (Wheeler Loomis); John Bardeen's work, visits by Nevill Mott and Heinz Pick; McCarthyism. Development of Seitz's bibliography, changes in the study of solid state during the 1950s.
Family background and early education, motivation and funding for college; math program at Stanford University, from 1928; physics studies at California Institute of Technology; graduate study at Princeton University, beginning 1932, atmosphere of the department, faculty (Lou Turner, Eugene Wigner, John Von Neumann); colloquia, Edward Condon. Development of applications of group theory, work in solid state with Linus Pauling, Hillard B. Huntington, Albert Sherman, William Hansen, William Shockley, Robert R. Brattain, R. Bowling Barnes. Betty Seitz; work with her on the text Modern Theory of Solids. Sodium band theory work with Wigner. To University of Rochester with Lee DuBridge. Centers for solid state work including University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, Harvard University (John Van Vleck). Work at General Electric, 1935-1936, studies of luminescence; atmosphere in industrial labs following Depression, contacts with other industrial labs; association with DuPont. State of physics in 1930s, trends at solid state centers. Work on crystal defects, pigments, leading to work on germanium and, particularly, silicon; history of study of semiconductors and influences on its development such as World War II; work on dislocations and creep; work at Westinghouse Company. World War II work with Frankford Arsenal, Dahlgren Proving Ground, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Radiation Laboratory; University of Pennsylvania, 1938; Carnegie-Mellon University, 1942, on dark trace tubes, leading to color center papers; University of Chicago work on reactors and neutron diffraction, 1943; Oak Ridge National Laboratory with Wigner; Argonne National Laboratory, solid state group. With Field Intelligence Agency Technical (FIAT), visit to Gottingen, 1945; state of solid state physics in international centers and U.S. Return to Carnegie- Mellon; diffusion theory. Pugwash Conferences; trips to Japan, 1953 and 1962, conditions and theoretical solid state work in postwar Japan. To University of Illinois, 1949 (Wheeler Loomis); John Bardeen's work, visits by Nevill Mott and Heinz Pick; McCarthyism. Development of Seitz's bibliography, changes in the study of solid state during the 1950s.
Family background; early interest in mathematics; early hobbies; early reading; influence of grandmother; education at Cornell; influence of Paul Olum; interest in philosophy at Cornell; influence of Fred Hoyle's Messenger lectures at Cornell; education at Stanford; engineering versus physics; influence of fellow graduate students at Stanford; thesis work with Leonard Schiff. on the gravitational collapse of rotating massive objects; first Texas Symposium in Dallas in 1963 and announcement of Kerr solution; interest in cosmology in graduate school; interest in Mach's principle; discouraging encounter with John Bachcall at Caltech; switch to nuclear astrophysics at Caltech; motivating influence of William Fowler; history of big bang nucleosynthesis calculations and the work of Alpher, Herman, Gamow, Fermi, Turkevich, Follin; reasons why big bang nucleosynthesis work wasn't done earlier and the initial motivation to make all the elements in the big bang; role of Fred Hoyle in big bang nucleosynthesis calculations; scientific philosophy of George Gamow; motivation of Fowler by Hoyle; interest of Hoyle in making all the elements in massive stars within the context of the steady state theory; Hoyle's suggestion of population III stars; Hoyle's explanation for the origin of the cosmic background radiation; early work of Tayler and Hoyle in 1964 on big bang nucleosynthesis and the cosmological restriction of the number of neutrino types;. work of James Peebles on big bang nucleosynthesis; first announcement of results of Wagoner, Fowler, and Hoyle calculations· and reception by the community; supporting evidence for the big bang model from the interstellar deuterium abundance and the calculations of Reeves, Audoze and others on production of lithium, beryllium, and boron; Wagoner's continuing worry about whether the big bang model is correct; introduction to and attitude toward the horizon problem; initial reception of the inflationary universe model; attitude toward the inflationary universe model; desire of Wagoner to probe the universe with physics that we know, and his concern over the uncertainties with the inflationary universe model; attitude toward the flatness problem; Wagoner's interest in letting observation, not theory, tell us the value of omega; prevalence of personal prejudice as a motivator among scientists and the danger of this prejudice; reaction to de Lapparent, Geller, and Huchra's work on large-scale inhomogeneities; worry over reconciliation of observed inhomogeneities of galaxies with the homogeneity of the cosmic background radiation; worry over validity of the cosmological principle; more discussion of Wagoner's preference for doing cosmology with well understood physical probes; outstanding problems in cosmology: dark matter, value of omega, nature of central engine of quasars, evolution of structure; ideal design of the universe and importance of extraterrestrial life; question of whether the universe has a point.