3D printing low-cost augmented reality waveguides

Augmented reality (AR) is a valuable technology that seamlessly integrates the virtual and physical world. With a near-eye device, virtual information can be projected onto real-world objects, creating an interactive experience. This technology can be used for entertainment, but it can also enhance learning and manufacturing processes.

Although the AR field has gained immense traction, mass production of AR waveguides — the core light-transmitting components in AR devices — has been difficult. To overcome high costs and fabrication challenges, Sun et al. designed a novel approach for manufacturing optical waveguides.

Using a cost-effective LCD 3D printer, the team fabricated components of a geometric AR waveguide, bonding 3 dielectric reflectors and other printed components with UV resin. Their modifications to the printing process significantly improved surface roughness without the need for molding, dicing, and post-polishing, thereby reducing labor costs while maintaining image quality.

“The intricate nature of traditional AR fabrication techniques and their high precision requirements for optical characteristics have become significant barriers to overcoming the cost of mass production,” said author Ranjith Unnithan. “The success of our prototype suggests potential for widespread application and commercialization.”

The authors plan to continue improving AR device functionality by exploring advanced materials and printing techniques. They also look forward to seeing a wider application of 3D-printed optics.

“Our future projects involve refining the 3D printing process to enhance waveguide performance and durability,” said author Dechuan Sun.

“For others in the field, investigating new applications of 3D-printed optics in various technological domains could be a promising avenue,” said author Younger Liang.

Source: “Additive 3D printed optical waveguide for augmented reality,” by Dechuan Sun, Gregory Tanyi, Alan Lee, Chris French, Younger Liang, Christina Lim, and Ranjith R Unnithan, APL Photonics (2024). The article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0207125 .